Au coeur du bidonville de Mathare Valley. La politique du ventre vide à Nairobi
bidonville, Nairobi, pauvreté, espace de vie, travail, corruption, violence
En Afrique, la question de la pauvreté donne souvent lieu à des interprétations misérabilistes et même catastrophiques. Elle a fait l’objet de nombreux sommets internationaux où les pays, dont le Kenya, se sont engagés à l’éradiquer. Mais de quelle pauvreté s’agit-il ? Comment vivent les pauvres à qui les politiques d’aide sont destinées ? Ce sont ces premières questions qui ont guidé l’auteur dans son enquête sur les territoires de la pauvreté à Nairobi.
L’ouvrage de Deyssi Rodriguez-Torres commence par un aperçu de l’histoire du bidonville de Mathare Valley à partir de données puisées dans les archives de la ville de Nairobi et de récits recueillis sur le terrain. Cette histoire met en relief le détachement des habitants par rapport aux normes sociales dites traditionnelles, ainsi que les transformations des structures familiales et l’importance donnée à la possession de la terre. L’auteur étudie l’espace de vie et le quotidien de Mathare Valley aujourd’hui. Sont ainsi décrites les différentes formes de travail – formel, informel et illégal –, le rapport des habitants avec les autorités et la présence des pratiques de corruption.
Cinquante ans après l’indépendance du Kenya, Mathare est toujours en 2014 un bidonville où les habitants arrivent à tenir, à survivre, à manger, à se loger et à se soigner grâce à leur travail et à la débrouille. La jeunesse, largement privée de droits, fait de la politique et participe aux élections, mais son action dans celles de 2007 a été la plus violente de l’histoire locale. L’auteur montre en conclusion comment cette jeunesse exaspérée ne tient plus compte des limites tracées par la régulation locale et intervient dans l’espace public par la violence meurtrière.
Issu d’un travail de sociologie politique réalisé durant les années 1990 et 2000, ce récit n’est pas sans rappeler les études publiées sur les grandes métropoles latino-américaines. Il nous offre une information de première main, riche et bien documentée, sur la périphérie d’une des grandes villes du continent africain.
Deyssi Rodriguez-Torres est maître de conférences à l’Université catholique de Louvain UCL-Mons et travaille comme expert auprès d’organismes internationaux. Spécialiste de la politique comparée, africaniste et auteur de nombreuses publications, ses recherches portent sur la construction du politique et la situation des sociétés urbaines lorsque l’État se désinvestit.
Deyssi Rodriguez-Torres
http://www.karthala.com/hommes-et-societes/2792-au-coeur-du-bidonville-de-mathare-valley-la-politique-du-ventre-vide-a-nairobi-9782811111274.html
Karthala
2014-03-14
432
FR
Ouvrage
Tenement cites: From 19th century Berlin to 21st century Nairobi
tenement, logement, politique du logement, quartier défavorisé, immeuble de grande hauteur, aménagement urbain, densité urbaine, droit à la ville, droit au logement, histoire urbaine, Berlin, Nairobi, Huchzermeyer Marie
<div><b>Abstract from the publisher:</b></div> </div> Nairobi today has over 10,000 multi-story tenement buildings, many of them offering single rooms and up to eight stories high. Privately owned and exploiting urban space to the maximum, these bear similarities to housing in rapidly industrializing 19th century tenement cities- New York, Glasgow, Berlin and others. This book explores the emergence of tenement markets across time and space. It focuses on two contrasting cities: Berlin, the largest and densest concentration of tenements in the 19th century, and Nairobi, a city today increasingly shaped by tenement investment that exploits urban space to the maximum, displaying pockets of what may well be the highest residential densities on the African continent.<br /> <br /> In examining similar themes in the history of Berlin and Nairobi, Huchzermeyer asks what legitimizes tenement markets over time. She interrogates the role of the late 19th and early 20th century housing discourse in Berlin, within its turbulent context. There is no explicit discourse on Nairobi's present-day tenements. The city's modern urban plans, housing policy and city-region strategy wish tenements away. However, Huchzermeyer finds traces of a pragmatic argument for Nairobi's tenement typology in the approaches that some municipal officials have adopted. This recognizes the convenience and economic buzz of tenement districts and their absorption of unrelenting housing demand. In relation to Nairobi's tenement-dominated context, which is shaped by pragmatism and enterpreneurialism, but also regulatory breakdown, corruption, growing vigilantism and ethnic division amid renewed hope for democratization, Huchzermeyer raises important questions for right to the city.</div> </div> <b>Marie Huchzemeyer </b>is Associate Professor in the School of Architecture and Planning, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.</div> </div>
Marie Huchzermeyer
Africa World Press
2011
288
Ouvrage
The postcolonial city and its subjects : London, Nairobi, Bombay
ville postcoloniale, post-colonial city, littérature, culture urbaine, London, Londres, Nairobi, Bombay, Mumbai, twentieth century, twenty-first century, vingtième siècle, vingt-et-unième siècle, Varma Rashmi
<div><b>Abstract from the publisher : </b></div> </div> This book considers twentieth and twenty-first century literary and cultural formations of the postcolonial city and the constitution of new subjects within it. Varma offers a reading of both historical and contemporary debates on urbanism through the filter of postcolonial fictions and the cultural fields surrounding and containing them. In particular, she presents a representational history of London, Nairobi and Bombay in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries and engages three key theoretical frameworks—the city within postcolonial theory and culture (its troubled salience in the construction of postcolonial public spheres and identities, from local, rural, ethnic/"tribal", and regional to "national", cosmopolitan and transnational subjects and spaces); postcolonial fictions as constituting a new world literary space and as a site of the articulation of contending narratives of urban space, global culture and postcolonial development; and postcolonial feminist citizenship as a universal political project challenging current neo-liberal and post neo-liberal contractions and eviscerations of public spaces and rights.</div> </div> <b>Rashmi Varma </b>is Associate Professor of English and Comparative Literary Studies at the University of Warwick.</div> </div>
Rashmi Varma
Routledge
August 2011
224
Ouvrage
Déchets et pouvoirs dans les villes africaines
Nairobi, Kenya, déchets, gestion des déchets, action publique, gouvernance, Mérino Mathieu
<div>Déchets et pouvoirs dans les villes africaines. L'action publique de gestion des déchets à Nairobi de 1964 à 2002.</div>
</div>
<b>Présentation par l'éditeur :</b></div>
</div>
Les difficultés de la ville de Nairobi à gérer les déchets ménagers ont conduit à une informalisation croissante de la prise en charge des ordures. La gestion des déchets dans la capitale kenyane révèle ainsi un phénomène de co-production de l’action publique urbaine, où se mêle une pluralité d’acteurs publics et privés, et une fragmentation des pouvoirs et des territoires de gestion urbains.</div>
</div>
Au-delà de l’observation profane qui décèle dans ces processus un retrait des autorités publiques et un gouvernement de la ville à l’abandon, l’analyse de la gestion des déchets de 1964 à 2002 met en fait en exergue les dynamiques de la régulation urbaine conduite par les autorités publiques, selon des modalités qui évoluent en fonction de leurs propres valeurs et des éléments de structuration du secteur. L’inefficacité de la collecte publique des déchets apparaît ainsi, dans l’analyse de l’État au concret, comme un des instruments privilégiés par les autorités publiques pour le contrôle social, économique et spatial de la capitale.</div>
</div>
<b>Mathieu Mérino</b>, docteur en science politique, est chercheur au Centre de Recherche et d'Etude sur les Pays d'Afrique Orientale (CREPAO) à l'Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour.</div>
</div>
Mathieu Mérino
MSH d'Aquitaine
Avril 2010
378
Ouvrage
Capital cities in Africa: Power and powerlessness
Africa, Afrique, ville africaine, African city, capitale, capital city, politique de la ville, espace urbain, architecture, démographie, urbanisation, gouvernance, forme urbaine, Conakry, Dakar, Lomé, Lagos, Abuja, Brazzaville, Nairobi, Maputo, Luanda, Pretoria, Johannesburg, Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Le Cap, Bekker Simon, Therborn Göran
<div><b>Abstract from the publisher:</b></div>
</div>
Capital cities today remain central to both nations and states. They host centres of political power, not only national, but in some cases regional and global as well, thus offering major avenues to success, wealth and privilege. For these reasons capitals simultaneously become centres of 'counter-power', locations of high-stakes struggles between the government and the opposition.<br />
<br />
This volume focuses on capital cities in nine sub-Saharan African countries, and traces how the power vested in them has evolved through different colonial backgrounds, radically different kinds of regimes after independence, waves of popular protest, explosive population growth and in most cases stunted economic development. Starting at the point of national political emancipation, each case study explores the complicated processes of nation-state building through its manifestation in the 'urban geology' of the city – its architecture, iconography, layout and political use of urban space. Although the evolution of each of these cities is different, they share a critical demographic feature: an extraordinarily rapid process of urbanisation that is more politically than economically driven. Overwhelmed by the inevitable challenges resulting from this urban sprawl, the governments seated in most of these capital cities are in effect both powerful – wielding power over their populace – and powerless, lacking power to implement their plans and to provide for their inhabitants.<br />
<br />
In its concentration on urban forms of multi-layered power, symbolic as well as material, Capital Cities in Africa cuts a new path in the rich field of studies related to African cities and politics. It will be of interest to scholars in a wide range of disciplines, from political history, to sociology, to geography, architecture and urban planning.</div>
</div>
<b>Contents:</b></div>
</div>
Simon Bekker and Göran Therboro - Introduction</div>
Odile Goerg - Conakry</div>
Amadou Diop - Dakar</div>
Phillippe Gervais-Lambony - Lomé</div>
Laurent Fouchard - Lagos</div>
Wale Adebanwi - Abuja</div>
Gabriel Tati - Brazzaville</div>
Samuel Owuor and Teresa Mbatia - Nairobi</div>
Paul Jenkins - Maputo and Luanda</div>
Alan Mabin - South African capital cities</div>
Göran Therborn and Simon Bekker - Conclusion</div>
</div>
<b>Simon Bekker</b> is a South African sociologist who has served as Professor of Development Studies at Rhodes University, and as Director of the Centre for Social and Development Studies at the (then) University of Natal. He is currently Emeritus Professor in Sociology at the University of Stellenbosch.<br />
<b>Göran Therborn</b> is an international Swedish sociologist who has served as Professor of Sociology at Cambridge and Uppsala Universities, as Professor of Politics in Nijmegen Netherlands, and as co-Director of the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences. He has launched a globally comparative project on Cities of Power, focusing on capital cities.</div>
</div>
</div>
NC
HSRC Press
2011
264
Ouvrage
http://www.hsrcpress.ac.za/product.php?productid=2284&cat=11&page=1
Women, slums and urbanisation : Examining the causes and consequences
femme, bidonville, violence, urbanisation, migration urbaine, Mumbai, Colombo, São Paulo, Buenos Aires, Accra, Nairobi, women, genre, gender, COHRE
<div>A first of its kind, this COHRE report examines the worldwide phenomenon of urbanisation from the point of view of women’s housing rights.</div> </div> The report focuses, in particular, on the experiences of women and girls living in slum communities throughout the world, premised on the idea that both the causes and consequences of urbanisation for women are, in fact, unique and deeply related to issues of gender. Unfortunately, the question of women’s migration to the cities has, for too long, remained largely under-addressed and unexamined.</div> </div> Activists and scholars alike have tended to overlook and neglect women’s particular experiences within the context of ever increasing urban growth. Shining the light on these experiences makes this study truly distinctive. <br /> <br /> Working across the Americas, Asia, and Africa, COHRE interviewed women and girls living in six global cities, representing some twenty different (and indeed, diverse) slum communities.</div> </div> The stories shared by these women and girls elucidated the very personal struggles which women face in their day-to-day lives, as well as the broader connections that these struggles have to issues of gender-based violence, gender discrimination, and women’s housing insecurity. In turn – as this report makes clear – for women, these issues are themselves intimately connected to the global trend towards urban growth.</div> </div>
Multiple authors
COHRE
May 2008
134
Autre
http://www.cohre.org/view_page.php?page_id=309#i1041
Slum upgrading programmes in Nairobi - challenges in implementation
bidonville, Nairobi, slum upgrading, pays en développement, pauvreté, renouvellement urbain, politique urbaine, Flores Fernandez Rosa Amelia
<div><b>Extract from the Foreword by Christian Thibon:<br /> </b></div> </div> he French Institute for Research in Africa (IFRA) Nairobi, which has conducted research projects on informal settlements in Eastern Africa cities (Nairobi, Kisumu, Dar es Salaam, etc.) for many years, hosted the Conference: Challenges in the implementation of slum upgrading projects in urban areas in Nairobi on 6th and 7th April 2011. This conference sought to bring together all the key stakeholders involved in slum projects to discuss challenges related to the implementation of slum upgrading projects in Nairobi. It also jointly looked at ways in which the implementation of these projects could be managed more comprehensively through exploring various avenues for the future.<br /> <br /> This publication is a result of presentations from institutions involved in research and development projects such as the Ministry of Housing of Kenya, IFRA, the University of Nairobi, together with non governmental and community-based experts working in slum upgrading projects like Pamoja Trust, Umande Trust, Muungano Wa Wanavijiji/Federation of Slum Dwellers and Nairobi People's Settlement Network (NPSN).<br /> <br /> In this spirit, IFRA presents the various articles from this conference in two parts. Part I presents the theoretical framework with regard to slum upgrading while Part II reviews the various approaches that are currently being pursued in the implementation of slum upgrading interventions in Nairobi. The articles presented in this publication open a debate into the discussion of slum upgrading programmes whilst providing opportunities for professionals and the people from the slums to exchange experiences and decide on concrete steps for collaboration on various initiatives in the area of slum upgrading.</div> </div> <b>Contents</b>:</div> <br /> Part I : Conceptualisation and preparation<br /> <br /> Introduction - Part I: Conceptualization and Preparation of Slum Upgrading Programmes (Samuel Owuor)<br /> <br /> Physical and Spatial Characteristics of Slum Territories - Vulnerable to Natural Disasters (Rosa Flores Fernandez)<br /> <br /> Kibera: The Biggest Slum in Africa? (Amélie Desgroppes – Sophie Staupin)<br /> <br /> The Slum-Shacks Question and the Making of 21st Century Political Citizenship in Postcolonial Nairobi, Kenya and Harare, Zimbabwe (Steve Ouma Akoth)<br /> <br /> Slum Upgrading: The Muungano Wa Wanavijiji Vision (Ezekiel Rema)<br /> <br /> Community Voices in Sustainable Slum-Upgrading Processes: The Nairobi People Settlement Network (Humphrey Otieno)<br /> <br /> The Influence of the Tenure System to the Physical Environments in Nairobi's Human Settlements (Peter Makachia)<br /> <br /> Land Tenure in Slum Upgrading Projects (Paul Syagga)</div> </div> Part II: Taking Action in Slum Upgrading Projects in Nairobi<br /> <br /> Introduction - Part II: Taking Action in Slum Upgrading Projects in Nairobi (Rosa Flores Fernandez)<br /> <br /> Kenyan Government Initiatives in Slum Upgrading (Leah Muraguri)<br /> <br /> The Kibera Soweto East Project in Nairobi (Rosa Flores Fernandez and Bernard Calas)<br /> <br /> Empowering the Urban Poor to Realize the Right to Housing: Community-Led Slum Upgrading in Huruma – Nairobi (Kamukam Ettyang')<br /> <br /> Korogocho Slum Upgrading Programme (IFRA)<br /> <br /> Umande Trust Bio-Centre Approach in Slum Upgrading (Aidah Binale)<br /> <br /> Working with Communities to Improve Dignity: The Case of Improved Bio-Centres in Kenya (Geaorges Wasonga)</div> </div> <b>Rosa Amelia Flores Fernandez </b>is Associate Researcher and Project Manager at the French Institute for Research in Africa (IFRA), Nairobi, Kenya.</div> </div>
NC
Instituts français de recherche à l'étranger (IFRE)
September-December 2011
195
Autre
http://www.ifre.fr/index.php/actualites/actualites-afrique/item/735-parution-ifra-nairobi-slum-upgrading-programmes-in-nairobi
The urban challenge in Africa : Growth and management of its large cities
Africa, Afrique, urbanisation, croissance urbaine, mégapole, développement urbain, dynamiques urbaines, gouvernance, mondialisation, Cairo, Le Caire, Johannesburg, Lagos, Kinshasa, Abidjan, Nairobi, Rakodi Carole
<b>Extract from the Foreword by Heitor Gurgulino de Souza : </b></div>
</div>
With contributions from prominent urban planning scholars and experts in Africa, The Urban Challenge in Africa: Growth and Management of Its Large Cities, edited by Professor Carole Rakodi of the University of Wales, Cardiff, represents the latest in a series of books from the United Nations University Programme on Mega-cities and Urban Development.<br />
<br />
Africa, long thought of as one of the least urbanized continents, will likely have over one half of its population in urban areas by 2020. The Urban Challenge in Africa introduces and highlights many important development issues in Africa. In addition to chapters on individual cities including Cairo, Johannesburg, Kinshasa, and Lagos, the book also explores important sectoral issues such as property markets, urban governance, and urban-rural linkages.</div>
</div>
<b>Contents : </b></div>
</div>
Foreword<br />
<br />
1 Introduction<br />
<br />
Part I Globalization and Africa: The challenge of urban growth<br />
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2 Global forces, urban change, and urban management in Africa<br />
3 Urbanization, globalization, and economic crisis in Africa<br />
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Part II The "mega-cities" of Africa<br />
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4 The challenge of urban growth in Cairo<br />
5 Johannesburg: A city and metropolitan area in transformation<br />
6 The challenges of growth and development in metropolitan Lagos<br />
7 Kinshasa: A reprieved mega-city?<br />
8 Abidjan: From the public making of a modern city to urban management of a metropolis<br />
9 Nairobi: National capital and regional hub<br />
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Part III The dynamics of city development<br />
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10 Globalization or informalization? African urban economies in the 1990s<br />
11 Residential property markets in African cities<br />
12 The state and civil society: Politics, government, and social organization in African cities<br />
13 Urban lives: Adopting new strategies and adapting rural links<br />
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Part IV Rising to the challenge<br />
14 Towards appropriate urban development policy in emerging mega-cities in Africa<br />
15 Urban management: The recent experience<br />
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16 Conclusion</div>
</div>
<b>Carole Rakodi </b>is Emeritus Professor and Director of the Religions and Development Research Programme in the International Development Department, the University of Birmingham.</div>
</div>
NC
United Nations University Press
1997
Ouvrage
http://unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue00.htm#Contents