Urban design since 1945 : A global perspective
, aménagement urbain, urban design, conception des villes, reconstruction, urbanisation, mégapole, mégalopole, métropole, fragmentation urbaine, ville nouvelle, capital city, capitale, Shane David Grahame
<div><b>Abstract from the publisher : </b></div> </div> Urban Design Since 1945: A Global Perspective reviews the emergence of urban design as a global phenomenon.<br /> The book opens with the urgent need to rebuild cities and re-house the millions of refugees living in camps and shantytowns at the end of the Second World War. Against this background, the book traces the collapse of the modernist, comprehensive state-planning schemes on both sides of the Iron Curtain as global corporations emerged, concentrating on networks and enclaves. It describes how Latin America and then Asia began a rapid urbanisation process, shifting the global urban centre away from Europe and overturning existing urban design models. This resulted in global megacities of an unprecedented scale, often with large associated shantytowns.<br /> By outlining the dominant models in urban design over the last sixty years - the metropolis, the megalopolis, the fragmented metropolis and the global megacity - the book provides an essential framework for students of the subject.<br /> <br /> Featured case studies include:<br /> • the rebuilding of metropolitan capitals in Europe and Asia, such as Berlin, London, Moscow, Tokyo and Beijing<br /> • the construction of new towns like Nowa Huta, Poland; Harlow, UK; Chandigarh, India; Brasilia, Brazil; Milton Keynes New Town, UK; and Shenzhen, China<br /> • the megalopolis as a global phenomenon from the American East Coast, Texas, California, Arizona and Florida, with examples from Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Latin America, such as Caracas, Venezuela<br /> • the fragmented metropolis as a global phenomenon, with American, Asian and European examples, such as Downtown and Midtown (New York), Shinjuku (Tokyo), Canary Wharf (London), La Défense (Paris) and Potsdamer Platz (Berlin)<br /> • megacities as a global phenomenon, such as Jakarta in Indonesia or Bangkok in Thailand, that include urban agriculture and urban villages, as do shrinking eco-city regions such as Duisburg, Germany or Detroit, USA<br /> • World's Fairs such as Brussels 1958 and Osaka 1970 which feature as drivers of innovation, as do Olympic events in Tokyo (1964), Barcelona (1992), Beijing (2008) and London (2012).</div> </div> <b>David Grahame Shane </b>teaches Graduate Urban Design at Columbia University and undergraduate students at Cooper Union in New York. He also lectures for the Bartlett School of Architecture Graduate Urban Design Programme, University of London and at the Polytechnic in Milan, as well as participating in masterclasses at the University of Venice.</div> </div>
David Grahame Shane
Wiley
April 2011
360
Ouvrage
Capital cities in Africa: Power and powerlessness
Africa, Afrique, ville africaine, African city, capitale, capital city, politique de la ville, espace urbain, architecture, démographie, urbanisation, gouvernance, forme urbaine, Conakry, Dakar, Lomé, Lagos, Abuja, Brazzaville, Nairobi, Maputo, Luanda, Pretoria, Johannesburg, Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Le Cap, Bekker Simon, Therborn Göran
<div><b>Abstract from the publisher:</b></div>
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Capital cities today remain central to both nations and states. They host centres of political power, not only national, but in some cases regional and global as well, thus offering major avenues to success, wealth and privilege. For these reasons capitals simultaneously become centres of 'counter-power', locations of high-stakes struggles between the government and the opposition.<br />
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This volume focuses on capital cities in nine sub-Saharan African countries, and traces how the power vested in them has evolved through different colonial backgrounds, radically different kinds of regimes after independence, waves of popular protest, explosive population growth and in most cases stunted economic development. Starting at the point of national political emancipation, each case study explores the complicated processes of nation-state building through its manifestation in the 'urban geology' of the city – its architecture, iconography, layout and political use of urban space. Although the evolution of each of these cities is different, they share a critical demographic feature: an extraordinarily rapid process of urbanisation that is more politically than economically driven. Overwhelmed by the inevitable challenges resulting from this urban sprawl, the governments seated in most of these capital cities are in effect both powerful – wielding power over their populace – and powerless, lacking power to implement their plans and to provide for their inhabitants.<br />
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In its concentration on urban forms of multi-layered power, symbolic as well as material, Capital Cities in Africa cuts a new path in the rich field of studies related to African cities and politics. It will be of interest to scholars in a wide range of disciplines, from political history, to sociology, to geography, architecture and urban planning.</div>
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<b>Contents:</b></div>
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Simon Bekker and Göran Therboro - Introduction</div>
Odile Goerg - Conakry</div>
Amadou Diop - Dakar</div>
Phillippe Gervais-Lambony - Lomé</div>
Laurent Fouchard - Lagos</div>
Wale Adebanwi - Abuja</div>
Gabriel Tati - Brazzaville</div>
Samuel Owuor and Teresa Mbatia - Nairobi</div>
Paul Jenkins - Maputo and Luanda</div>
Alan Mabin - South African capital cities</div>
Göran Therborn and Simon Bekker - Conclusion</div>
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<b>Simon Bekker</b> is a South African sociologist who has served as Professor of Development Studies at Rhodes University, and as Director of the Centre for Social and Development Studies at the (then) University of Natal. He is currently Emeritus Professor in Sociology at the University of Stellenbosch.<br />
<b>Göran Therborn</b> is an international Swedish sociologist who has served as Professor of Sociology at Cambridge and Uppsala Universities, as Professor of Politics in Nijmegen Netherlands, and as co-Director of the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences. He has launched a globally comparative project on Cities of Power, focusing on capital cities.</div>
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NC
HSRC Press
2011
264
Ouvrage
http://www.hsrcpress.ac.za/product.php?productid=2284&cat=11&page=1