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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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                <text>498-498</text>
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                <text>Thumerelle Pierre-Jean</text>
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                <text>2000</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2000_num_18_3_1969_t1_0498_0000_2</text>
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                <text>Marie-Claude Blanc-Chaléard (sous la dir. de) : Immigration et logiques nationales : Europe, XIXe-XXe siècles</text>
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                <text>compterendu</text>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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                <text>63-72</text>
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                <text>Catherine Bonvalet</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="387427">
                <text>Jacques Brun</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2002</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>L'article rappelle que les notions de migration et de mobilité ne sont pas dénuées de connotations annexes, y compris idéologiques. La diffusion de l'emploi du terme "mobilité" répond à un souci de construire une représentation unifiée des types de déplacements spatiaux, et de contribuer à une approche plus scientifique, recourant à la quantification et à la modélisation. Une convergence se dessine avec les approches qualitatives, mais se heurte encore à un certain nombre de difficultés, méthodologiques et conceptuelles, dont quelques-unes sont soulignées dans l'article.</text>
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                <text>Residential Mobility: Quantitative or Qualitative Approaches ?.

The paper stresses the differences between two concepts, migration and mobility, and suggests that the latter has ideological undertones, mobility being linked to modernity and progress. 
The diffusion of this concept aims at building an unified scientific description including various types of spatial movements. Qualitative and quantitative approaches converge, but still have difficulties to measure mobility and build it into models. Some suggestions for future researches are made.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="387431">
                <text>Brun Jacques, Bonvalet Catherine. Approches quantitatives ou qualitatives de la mobilité résidentielle : éléments de bilan et perspectives. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2002-1-2. Géographie et population. pp. 63-72.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2002_num_20_1_2019</text>
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                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.2002.2019</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="387434">
                <text>fre</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="387435">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Quantification ; Migration ; Residential Strategy ; Actors Choices ; Mobility ; Modelling</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="387437">
                <text>Quantification ; Stratégie ; Choix des acteurs ; Migration ; Mobilité ; Modélisation ; Approche micro-sociologique</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="387438">
                <text>Approches quantitatives ou qualitatives de la mobilité résidentielle : éléments de bilan et perspectives</text>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="387395">
                <text>151-160</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Bernard Kayser †</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="387397">
                <text>2001</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>La renaissance rurale est attestée par une croissance démographique due aux flux migratoires. La plus grande partie des communes de l'espace rural enregistrent plus d'arrivées que de départs. Les jeunes couples quittent les villes pour s'installer définitivement dans des villages pas trop lointains, tout en y conservant leurs emplois. Ils achètent ou bâtissent une maison, organisant avant tout leur vie personnelle et familiale. Ils sont les plus nombreux, mais ne sont pas les seuls à provoquer la mutation de la société villageoise. Avec eux, des retraités aisés, mais aussi une frange de population en situation précaire, ont converti le monde rural à l'urbanité.</text>
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                <text>City Dwellers in Villages.

The migratory flows, engendering demographic growth, is the key to rural renewal. The majority of rural counties register more settlements than moves. Young couples leave the city to settle permanently in close by villages, keeping their jobs. They buy or build a house, organising their familial and personal life first. They are the more numerous but by no means alone in provoking the change of village society. With them, well-to-do retired people as well as a fringe of population in precarious situation have converted the rural areas to urbanity.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="387400">
                <text>Kayser Bernard. Les citadins au village. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2001-1-2. Repopulation et mobilités rurales. pp. 151-160.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="387401">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2001_num_19_1_1983</text>
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                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.2001.1983</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="387403">
                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="387404">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="387405">
                <text>Back-to-the-Land ; Crofting ; Rural Europe ; Rural Change ; Migration ; Counterurbanisation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="387406">
                <text>Europe rurale ; Migration ; 'Back-to-the-land' ; Crofting ; Contrurbanisation</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Les citadins au village</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="387408">
                <text>article</text>
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                <text>25-36</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Sandra Savenberg</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="387382">
                <text>Etienne Van Hecke</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387383">
                <text>2002</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Les mouvements migratoires liés à la suburbanisation prennent une place primordiale dans les flux migratoires internes. Ils sont caractérisés par des tranches d'âge, une structure des ménages et des classes socio-économiques spécifiques. Les motivations de ce mouvement sont largement liées aux caractéristiques de l'habitation désirée : une habitation individuelle dont on est propriétaire, située dans un environnement agréable. Le processus de suburbanisation s'étend de plus en plus, s'éloigne des centres-villes, engendre des coûts importants pour la construction des réseaux et des dessertes, génère une consommation d'énergie accrue et des coûts de déplacements toujours plus élevés. En Belgique, c'est à la fois une absence de mesures des pouvoirs publics dans les domaines de l'aménagement du territoire et de la politique du logement destinées à enrayer ce phénomène et un régime de fiscalité communale encourageant l'augmentation de la population, qui sont à l'origine de ce phénomène néfaste par différents aspects et contraire aux idées du développement durable.</text>
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                <text>Suburbanization and Sustainable Development.

Migratory movements tied to suburbanization occupy a primordial place in internal migratory flows. They are characterized by age groups, a family structure, and specific socio-economic classes. The motivations for this movement are largely linked to characteristics of the desired habitation: a single-family home in a "green" area, and ownership. The process of suburbanization is spatially extensive, constantly moves away from the city center, engenders major expenses for the construction of networks and services, and generates increased energy consumption and higher travel expenses. In Belgium, the lack of measures on the part of the public authorities in urban planning and housing policy to stop this phenomenon as well as a municipal fiscal regime that the increase in the population are at the source of this baneful phenomenon in various respects and contrary to the ideas of sustainable development.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387386">
                <text>Van Hecke Etienne, Savenberg Sandra. Suburbanisation, et développement durable. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2002-1-2. Géographie et population. pp. 25-36.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387387">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2002_num_20_1_2015</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387388">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.2002.2015</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387389">
                <text>fre</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387390">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="387391">
                <text>Migrations ; Suburbanization ; Belgium ; Sustainable Development</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387392">
                <text>Migrations ; Belgique ; Suburbanisation ; Développement durable</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Suburbanisation, et développement durable</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>article</text>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644246">
                  <text>PERSEE</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387348">
                <text>19-36</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387349">
                <text>Bertrand Schmitt</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387350">
                <text>Mohamed Hilal</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387351">
                <text>Pascale Bessy-Pietri</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387352">
                <text>2001</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387353">
                <text>Le présent article propose une analyse de l'évolution démographique récente des communes de l'espace à dominante rurale français à partir des résultats du dernier recensement de population (1999). Son objet principal est de mesurer l'influence des dynamiques urbaines sur les évolutions de population rurale. La première partie dresse un constat de la situation en insistant sur : la fin de l'exode rural qui s'accompagne d'une croissance de population dans une très grande majorité de communes ; la différenciation des évolutions selon différentes catégories d'espace rural ; les fortes inégalités géographiques qui, au-delà de la catégorie à laquelle appartiennent les communes, font intervenir la proximité et le dynamisme de la trame urbaine qui encadre l'espace à dominante rurale. La seconde partie propose une analyse économétrique visant à hiérarchiser les différents déterminants des évolutions démographiques communales et à prendre en compte les processus de diffusion locale. Si les résultats confirment le rôle de la proximité et de la dynamique urbaine sur les évolutions démographiques rurales, ils mettent également en évidence l'atténuation de ces effets dès que sont intégrés les phénomènes de diffusion locale, ceux-ci relayant les impulsions urbaines de croissance démographique. En revanche, une fois contrôlée l'influence de la trame urbaine, l'analyse permet de relativiser de façon importante les différenciations régionales de la démographie rurale.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387354">
                <text>Rural Population Changes related to the urban Dynamics and to the Distance to urban Areas: the Case of France. 

This paper examines the recent demographic change in French rural areas from the results of the new population census (1999). Its aim is to measure the role of urban dynamics on rural population changes. The first part emphasises three main features: the end of rural exodus with a large number of French communes where the population increases; the change differentiation according to various rural categories; the strong geographical inequalities due to the urban proximity and to the population dynamics in the closer urban area. The second part offers an econometric approach aiming a hierarchy of the determinants of commune population changes. Furthermore we are taking into account the processes of local diffusion. The results confirm the roles of the proximity and of the urban dynamics on the rural population changes. But, we also highlight their attenuation as soon as the local diffusion phenomena are integrated: those seems to relay the impulses given from the urban population change to the rural demographic growth. On the other hand, if the role of the urban frame is controlled, the regional differentiation of rural population changes seems to be lower.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387355">
                <text>Pietri-Bessy, Hilal Mohamed, Schmitt Bertrand. Des évolutions démographiques rurales contrastées liées à la proximité et aux dynamiques urbaines : le cas de la France. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2001-1-2. Repopulation et mobilités rurales. pp. 19-36.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387356">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2001_num_19_1_1974</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387357">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.2001.1974</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387358">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387359">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387360">
                <text>Spatial econometric Models ; Rural Population Change ; Urban-rural Linkages ; Population Census</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387361">
                <text>Influence urbaine ; Recensement de population ; Évolution démographique rurale ; Modèles économétriques spatiaux</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387362">
                <text>Des évolutions démographiques rurales contrastées liées à la proximité et aux dynamiques urbaines : le cas de la France</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387363">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="23178" public="1" featured="0">
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644244">
                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644246">
                  <text>PERSEE</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387333">
                <text>109-124</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387334">
                <text>Vincente Rodriguez Rodriguez</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387335">
                <text>Carmen Egea Jimenez</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387336">
                <text>2002</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387337">
                <text>Migratory movements have been a recurrent theme of study in the field of Population Geography. In Spain, attention has focused on emigration after the civil war; and on the more recent immigratory movement. The return movement has always been deemed less important, although it is very interesting due to the significance of the emigration to which it is associated. 
More often than not, macroeconomic models have been used to explain the migratory phenomenon from the theoretical viewpoint, while a quantitative approach has been taken from the methodological viewpoint. Both have "forgotten" about emigrants themselves, and the personal circumstances that prompt them to emigrate and return. Therefore approaches that combine macro- and micro-aspects are required. In this respect, the methodology proposed is to use qualitative techniques to ascertain the migrants' life path, such as in-depth interviews, used in this case to analyse the life path of the retired emigrants of the province of Jaén, focusing in particular on their reasons for emigrating and for returning or not returning.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387338">
                <text>Caractéristiques et facteurs déterminants des migrations et mouvements de retour en Andalousie. Le cas de la province de Jaén.

Les mouvements migratoires sont un thème d'étude récurent en géographie de la population. En Espagne les principaux centres d'intérêt sont l'émigration qui a suivi la guerre civile et les mouvements récents d'immigration. Les mouvements de retour ont toujours été considérés comme moins importants, même s'ils sont une partie intégrante de l'étude de l'émigration. 
On a souvent utilisé des modèles macroéconomiques pour expliquer le phénomène migratoire sur le plan théorique, tandis qu'on utilisait des méthodes quantitatives sur le plan méthodologique. Ces deux approches ont négligé les migrants eux- mêmes et les circonstances ayant entraîné la décision d'émigrer ou de rentrer. Pour y remédier il est nécessaire de combiner macro- et micro-approches. La méthode préconisée dans cet article est d'utiliser des techniques qualitatives pour vérifier les trajectoires individuelles des migrants, comme les interviews en profondeur, utilisées dans ici pour reconstituer les trajectoires des émigrés retraités de la province de Jaén, en mettant plus particulièrement l'accent sur les motivations d'émigration et de retour ou de non-retour.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387339">
                <text>Egea Jimenez Carmen, Rodriguez Rodriguez Vicente. Determinants of migration in the province of Jaén, Andalusia. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2002-1-2. Géographie et population. pp. 109-124.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387340">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2002_num_20_1_2023</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387341">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.2002.2023</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387342">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387343">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387344">
                <text>Retirees ; Spain ; Jaén ; Return Emigration ; Emigration Reasons ; Return Reasons ; Life Courses</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387345">
                <text>Motivations de retour ; Trajectoires individuelles ; Retraités ; Jaén ; Espagne ; Émigration de retour ; Facteurs d'émigration</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387346">
                <text>Determinants of migration in the province of Jaén, Andalusia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387347">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="23176" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="33">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644244">
                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644246">
                  <text>PERSEE</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387311">
                <text>165-177</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387312">
                <text>Cris Beauchemin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387313">
                <text>2002</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387314">
                <text>Verifying Doubtful Statistics : the Case of the Urban Emigration in Ivory Coast.

In 1995 were published the first results of a demographic survey on migrations and urbanisation in Ivory Coast (EIMU, 1993) : according to it, between 1988 and 1993, rural areas presented a positive migration growth rate at the expense of urban areas. This result was such a surprise that it aroused suspicion : it must have been a measure mistake, survey should not be reliable. Precisely, we want to show that the surge of urban out-migration (i. e. urban to rural migration) is a real demographic fact. The method consists in identifying all statistical bias that could explain on their own the reversal of the urban-rural migration balance. The point is to evaluate their real influence on the measure of migration flows and then to introduce corrective factors so as to control the results. In that way, the bias linked to the apprehension of geographical space are specially regarded. The definitions of migration and of rural or urban areas are particularly examined. Eventually, we want to show that suspicion aroused by the Ivorian survey is in fact the result of a blindness provoked by the obsessions of urban growth and « rural exodus ».</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387315">
                <text>En 1995 étaient publiés les premiers résultats d'une enquête démographique réalisée en Côte d'Ivoire sur les migrations et l'urbanisation : d'après cette enquête, entre 1988 et 1993, les campagnes enregistraient un solde migratoire positif aux dépens des villes. Le résultat était si improbable qu'il suscita de la méfiance : ce devait être une erreur de mesure, l'enquête ne devait pas être fiable. Précisément, nous voulons montrer que la mise en avant de l'émigration urbaine (migration ville-campagne) dans les échanges entre milieux urbain et rural est un fait démographique réel. La méthode consiste à identifier tous les biais qui pourraient expliquer par eux-mêmes l'inversion des flux entre milieux urbain et rural. Il ne s'agit pas de les évacuer en les niant mais plutôt d'en évaluer la réelle portée sur les résultats afin d'introduire éventuellement des facteurs correctifs. En la matière, les biais liés à l'appréhension de l'espace font l'objet d'une attention particulière. En définitive, nous voulons montrer que la méfiance dont "l'enquête ivoirienne sur les migrations et l'urbanisation" (EIMU) a fait l'objet est en réalité le produit d'un aveuglement suscité par l'obsession de la croissance urbaine et de « l'exode rural ».</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387316">
                <text>Beauchemin Cris. Surmonter le doute statistique : le cas de l'émigration urbaine en Côte d'Ivoire. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2002-1-2. Géographie et population. pp. 165-177.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387317">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2002_num_20_1_2029</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387318">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.2002.2029</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387319">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387320">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387321">
                <text>Urban Outmigration ; Migration ; Statistical Reliability ; Ivory Coast ; Rural Outmigration</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="387322">
                <text>Exode urbain ; Migration ; Exode rural ; Fiabilité statistique ; Côte d'Ivoire</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387323">
                <text>Surmonter le doute statistique : le cas de l'émigration urbaine en Côte d'Ivoire</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387324">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
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  <item itemId="23168" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="33">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644244">
                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644246">
                  <text>PERSEE</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387234">
                <text>202-203</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387235">
                <text>Thumerelle Pierre-Jean</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387236">
                <text>2001</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="387237">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2001_num_19_1_1990_t1_0202_0000_4</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Claude Chaline : La régénération urbaine</text>
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                <text>Françoise Dureau, Véronique Dupont, Éva Lelièvre, Jean-Pierre Lévy, Thierry Lulle (coordonné par) : Métropoles en mouvement. Une comparaison internationale</text>
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                <text>Le mouvement migratoire ville-campagne se poursuit en Grande-Bretagne : tendances, modèles , signification.

La migration nette depuis les zones urbaines vers les espaces ruraux reste la dimension la plus importante des dynamiques de distribution du peuplement à l'intérieur de la Grande-Bretagne. Son ampleur change avec le temps mais confirme un processus de 'counterurbanization cascade' distribuant la population vers le bas de la hiérarchie urbaine. Une large frange de la population prend part à ce mouvement, à l'exception toutefois des jeunes adultes et des groupes minoritaires ethniques. On peut attribuer ce processus à de nombreuses causes, comme dans d'autres pays. Cependant, ici on propose d'expliquer, en particulier par deux causes, pourquoi ce processus se manifeste plus fort et plus constamment en Grande-Bretagne. Il s'agit de la politique de 'l' urban containment' et d'une préférence clairement exprimée par le peuple britannique pour une vie à la campagne.</text>
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                <text>Urban-rural net migration remains the principal dimension of internal migration within Britain. Though its volume varies over time, there is a very consistent process of population movement down the urban hierarchy that can be called the 'counterurbanization cascade'. This involves a wide cross-section of the British population, though young adults and minority ethnic groups are not well represented. This process can be attributed to many factors, as in other countries, but two in particular are put forward to explain why it is more fully developed and persistent in Britain. These are the policy of urban containment and the strength of people's preferences for living in the countryside.</text>
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                <text>Champion Tony. The continuing urban-rural population movement in Britain: trends, patterns, significance . In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2001-1-2. Repopulation et mobilités rurales. pp. 37-51.</text>
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                <text>Residential Preferences ; Great Britain ; Urban-Rural Migration ; Counterurbanization ; Urban Containment</text>
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                <text>Grande-Bretagne ; Migrations ville-campagne ; Contrurbanisation ; 'Urban Containment' ; Préférence résidentielle</text>
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                <text>Éric Leclerc</text>
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                <text>A travers deux exemples d'atlas de population, l'un en Mauritanie et l'autre au Mali, nous avons été confronté à des choix de représentation des informations qui, loin de se limiter aux problèmes du langage graphique, induisaient la production d'une image plus ou moins pertinente des territoires. Or la fabrication d'une carte scientifique est très spécifique de notre culture et de notre manière de nous représenter le monde. Construites à partir de bases de données géoréférencées, des cartes respectant les maillages administratifs risquaient de produire une représentation des populations selon les stocks observés lors du recensement. Mais cet instantané ne pouvait pas rendre compte de la dynamique et de la mobilité des sociétés. Par le respect de la géométrie euclidienne, la carte favorise la métrique topographique dans sa représentation de la société au détriment de la métrique topologique. Ces deux atlas ont été l'occasion de tester d'autres formes de cartographie et de mesurer aussi les limites de certains modes de représentation. La carte offre un support d'information qui permet d'élargir l'expérience individuelle de l'espace, mais l'utilisation d'un code sémiologique et le traitement de l'information qui conditionnent la production de la carte, contraignent la représentation de la réalité sociale. Le cartographe et le destinataire de la carte doivent garder une distance critique avec cette représentation de la réalité, en se rappelant que la carte relève plus du sujet que de l'objet.</text>
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                <text>Mapping Populations or Societies , Perception Problems in two Atlases of West Africa.

Through two examples of demographic atlases, the first one in Mauritania, the second in Mali, we had to select different types of information visualisation. Far from being only a problem of graphic language, these choices inferred also on the accuracy of the produced images. But making a scientific map is a specificity of our culture and our way of representing the world. The maps built from geographical data bases, within administrative limits may be only a visualisation of the population stocks at a census date without an approach of the social mobility and dynamics. By using the Euclidian geometry, the map expresses more a topographical metrics to visualise a society than a topological one. These two atlases gave rise to try different methods of cartography and assess the limits of others. The map is a collection of information which enlarges our individual perception but the use of a sémiologie code and the information processing for mapping have an impact on this image of the social reality. The cartographer and the user of the map, must keep a critical distance from this image of the reality. They must remember that the map is more the matter of the subject than of the object.</text>
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                <text>Leclerc Eric. Cartographier les populations ou les sociétés ? Problèmes de représentations dans deux atlas en Afrique de l'Ouest. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2002-1-2. Géographie et population. pp. 133-139.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2002_num_20_1_2026</text>
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