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                <text>Sylvie Letniowska-Swiat</text>
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                <text>L'analyse des mouvements de population agitant le système urbain occupe une place toujours plus importante dans l'étude des populations. La ville est de plus en plus éclatée. Cette réalité nouvelle ne correspond plus ni aux définitions, ni aux délimitations classiques de l'espace urbain. Les mobilités décuplées animent l'ensemble du système urbain, centre et marges comprises. L'étude de ces déplacements se complexifie, tout autant que leurs nombres et leurs trajectoires. Les seules données issues des recensements de la population ne suffisent plus à les quantifier et encore moins à les qualifier. C'est pourquoi le recours à des bases de données annexes, tel le fichier SICLONE, recensement des permis de construire peuvent contribuer à échelle fine, à de meilleures analyses, et ce notamment dans le cas d'une approche de la structuration des espaces périurbains.</text>
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                <text>To Measure the Population Movements, New Tools : Planning Permissions.

The analysis of the shifts in population agitating the urban system occupies a place increasingly more significant in the study of populations. The city is more and more complex .This new reality corresponds any more neither to the definitions, nor with the traditional delimitations of the urban area. The increasing mobilities animate all the urban system, centre and margins included. The only data resulting from the censuses of the population are not enough any more to quantify them and even less to qualify them. That's why the recourse of alternative data bases, the such file SICLONE, census of the permits building can contribute on limited scale, of better analyses, and this in particular in the case of an approach of the structuring of periurban areas.</text>
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                <text>Letniowska-Swiat Sylvie. Une approche des mouvements de population, de nouveaux outils : les permis de construire. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2002-1-2. Géographie et population. pp. 179-187.</text>
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                <text>Residential Mobility ; Lille Agglomeration ; Planning Permissions ; Periurbanisation</text>
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                <text>Une approche des mouvements de population, de nouveaux outils : les permis de construire</text>
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                <text>9-15</text>
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                <text>Aurora García Ballesteros</text>
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                <text>Les différentes approches spatiales de la démogéographie.  

La Géographie de la Population a toujours étudié la distribution spatiale des phénomènes démographiques. Mais le concept d'espace a changé. C'est pour cela qu'il y a plusieurs orientations dans la Géographie de la Population. Les deux majeures sont la démographie spatiale et la démogéographie qui tend a privilégier la notion de territoire et les grands problèmes des sociétés à la fin du XXe siècle.</text>
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                <text>Throughout its history, Population Geography has always favoured the spatial aspect both when studying population distribution ans spatial pattern differentiations. The spatial approach, however, has changed. But in the 90s, Population Geography is still divided between followers of spatial demography and those practitioners that broaden our subject-matter to pay more attention to the social and academic context. So, it seems as if the discussion on the meaning and role played by place and daily life in globalization is arriving at Population Geography, because nowadays global dimension of geodemographic facts is a fact, but the local dimension is a fact as well.</text>
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                <text>Garcia Ballesteros Aurora. Different spatial approaches in geodemographic studies. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2000-1. Mélanges (II) - Miscellanies (II). pp. 9-15.</text>
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                <text>Population Geography ; spatial pattern ; Social Geography ; place ; Geodemography</text>
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                <text>Géographie de la Population ; dimension spatiale ; Géographie Sociale ; territoire ; Démogéographie</text>
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                <text>Different spatial approaches in geodemographic studies</text>
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                <text>Maria-Eugenia Cosio-Zavala : Changements démographiques en Amérique latine</text>
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                <text>The Recent Dynamics of Settlement in the Border Regions of Walloonia.

For some years, certain localities have stopped losing their inhabitants and present, on the contrary, a spectacular population growth. This change is due to a strong migratory attraction, which takes place in a double context, both national and international. At the country level, the recent immigration toward these regions lies within the process of periurbanisation: people and families migrate to parkland, sometimes distant from their work place. At the international level, the origin is the free circulation of the goods that has transformed border spaces into transborder regions. This paper studies, on the long trend and in a comparative approach, the demographic dynamics of municipalities located along the border with Germany and the Grand-Duchy of Luxemburg. Thanks to the linkage between the individual data of the national register and the 1991 population census, we analyse the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the populations who set up in these border regions between 1993 and 1998.</text>
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                <text>Depuis quelques années, certaines communes frontalières ne se dépeuplent plus et connaissent un accroissement spectaculaire de la population. Il est dû à une forte attractivité migratoire qui s'inscrit dans un double contexte, national et international. Au niveau du pays, le récent attrait pour ces régions s'inscrit dans le processus de la périurbanisation : les individus et les ménages migrent vers des espaces verts, parfois éloignés des pôles d'emploi. À l'échelon international, la cause est la libération de la circulation des biens et des marchandises qui a transformé les espaces frontaliers en espaces transfrontaliers. Cet article étudie, sur la longue tendance et dans une logique comparative, la dynamique démographique de communes situées le long des frontières avec l'Allemagne et le Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Grâce au couplage de données individuelles du Registre national et du recensement de la population de 1991, nous analysons les caractéristiques démographiques et socio-économiques des populations qui se sont installées, entre 1993 et 1998, dans ces espaces frontaliers.</text>
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                <text>Capron Catherine, Eggerickx Thierry, Hermia Jean-Pierre. Les nouvelles dynamiques de peuplement dans les zones frontalières en Wallonie. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2002-1-2. Géographie et population. pp. 83-98.</text>
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                <text>Walloonia ; Borders ; Migrations ; Migrants ; Périurbanisation</text>
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                <text>Guy Burgel : Du tiers-monde aux tiers-mondes</text>
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                <text>2000</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2000_num_18_3_1969_t1_0497_0000_4</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="386485">
                <text>Antoine Bailly et alii : Développement social durable des villes. Principes et pratiques</text>
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                <text>205-205</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Thumerelle Pierre-Jean</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2001</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2001_num_19_1_1990_t1_0205_0000_2</text>
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                <text>fre</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="386477">
                <text>Denise Pumain et Thérèse Saint-Julien : Les interactions spatiales</text>
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                <text>123-137</text>
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                <text>Thierry Éggerickx</text>
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                <text>2001</text>
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                <text>Rurbanisation and Periurbanisation in central Walloonia : a socio-demographical Approach.

Belgium has known, since the sixties, a huge and uninterrupted process of population redeployment in favour of the rural boroughs at the outskirts of big urban agglomerations. More recently saturation in « peri-urban » boroughs has driven families to look to more remote rural boroughs for a piece of green land. This phenomenon is known as rurbanisation. 
This article aims at determining whether this demographic revitalisation in rural areas is part of the same urban spreading process as périurbanisation and whether, by extension, the demographic content of this growth is similar in nature to the content which characterised the periurban surroundings Several residential areas - periurban boroughs, rural boroughs and small cities - around Namur in the centre of Walloonia have been identified. They have than been compared to the Brabant periurban model. This analysis reveals obvious social and demographic contrasts between Brabant and other residential areas. Walloon Brabant clearly appears as a socially and demographically privileged region, which can be explained by its central position in Belgium, by the fact that the périurbanisation process is rather ancient there and by the social selection caused by strong real-estate speculation. Differences between the other residential areas considered are minimal. Even if some whiffs of « demographic conservatism » can be noticed in those rural boroughs, the social and demographic characteristics of the families who have settled in those villages are practically identical to those of the Namur periurban boroughs.</text>
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                <text>La Belgique connaît depuis les années 1960 un vaste processus ininterrompu de redistri------------------ bution de la population au profit des communes vertes situées à la périphérie des grandes agglomérations urbaines. Plus récemment, la saturation des communes périurbaines a poussé les ménages à chercher plus loin, jusque dans les communes rurales éloignées, leur coin de verdure. On parle alors de rurbanisation. L'objectif de cet article est de déterminer si cette revitalisation démographique des campagnes s'inscrit dans le même processus d'étalement urbain que la périurbanisation et si, par extension, le contenu démographique de cette croissance est de la même veine que celui qui a caractérisé le milieu périurbain. Plusieurs milieux de résidence - des communes périurbaines, des communes rurales et des petites villes - situés autour de Namur, dans le centre de la Wallonie, ont été identifiés. Ils ont ensuite été comparés au modèle périurbain brabançon. Il ressort de cette analyse qu'il existe des contrastes socio-démographiques nets entre ce dernier et les autres milieux de résidence. Le Brabant wallon apparaît clairement comme une région socio- démographiquement privilégiée, caractéristique qui s'explique en partie par sa position au cœur de la Belgique, l'ancienneté du processus de périurbanisation et le tri social imposé par une forte spéculation immobilière. Entre les autres milieux de résidence considérés, les différences sont minimes. Même si l'on décèle dans le chef des communes rurales, quelques relents de « conservatisme démographique », les caractéristiques socio-démographiques des ménages qui se sont installés dans ces localités sont quasiment identiques à celles des entrants dans les communes périurbaines namuroises.</text>
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                <text>Eggerickx Thierry, Capron Catherine. Rurbanisation et périurbanisation dans le centre de la Wallonie : une approche socio-démographique. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2001-1-2. Repopulation et mobilités rurales. pp. 123-137.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2001_num_19_1_1981</text>
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                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.2001.1981</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="386451">
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>PERSEE</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="386453">
                <text>Périurbanisation ; Rurbanisation ; Walloonia ; Demography ; Housing</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="386454">
                <text>Wallonie ; Rurbanisation ; Périurbanisation ; Démographie ; Type d'habitat</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="386455">
                <text>Rurbanisation et périurbanisation dans le centre de la Wallonie : une approche socio-démographique</text>
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                <text>Sylvie Fanchette</text>
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                <text>The Red River Delta (Vietnam) : a Study of Population Density and Urbanization of Rural Areas.

To study the complexity of the population spatial distribution of the Red River delta (with more than 1000 inhabitants per square kilometre in rural areas), in a context of a high rate of annual growth, the traditional approach of regional geography is not suitable. The different types of phenomena depend on variable scales of analyses and periods of time, more or less long. 

If the maps of population density in this delta, rich but not easily controllable hydraulic territory, are the result of a long process of population occupation and of management by powerful and centralized states, the new socio-economic logics at work since the renewal policy or Doi Moi has generated a high spatial differenciation. 

To study the mechanisms producing high human density we have to distinguish those depending on the local environment and socio-economic conditions from those we can apprehend only at smaller scales (district, polder, province or sub-region). 

We will describe, measure and localise these processes, in particular the importance of spatial contexts, of the polarisation by the big cities, of the proximity of the great rivers and canals and of communication routes, the importance of social dynamics and of local political history : all these phenomena will be spatialized and their interferences will be located in a more systematic manner thanks to the GIS (Geographic Information System). 
Finally, we will promote the fieldwork approach to understand the interrelationships between demographic pressure, social changes, the new modalities of resource management and the multiple strategies developed by the inhabitants of this over-populated region so as not to leave their villages.</text>
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                <text>Pour étudier la complexité de la répartition spatiale de la population d'une région densément peuplée, le delta du Fleuve Rouge, (il compte plus de 1000 hab./km2 en zone dite « rurale ») alors que son taux annuel moyen de croissance démographique reste encore élevé, l'approche classique de la géographie régionale n'est pas adaptée. Les catégories de phénomènes à prendre en compte relèvent d'échelles variées et de temps plus ou moins longs. Si la carte des densités démographiques de ce delta, espace hydraulique riche, mais difficilement maîtrisable, est la résultante d'un long processus d'occupation par les populations et d'aménagement par des États puissants et centralisés, les logiques socio-économiques en œuvre depuis la mise en place de la politique du Renouveau ou Doi Moi ont créé une forte différenciation spatiale. 
Pour étudier les mécanismes produisant de fortes densités humaines, il convient de distinguer ceux relevant de l'environnement physique et des dynamiques socio- économiques locales de ceux qui dépendant des échelles plus petites (le district, le bassin hydraulique, la province ou la sous-région). 
Ce sont ces processus qu'il va falloir décrire, mesurer et localiser, notamment le poids des cadres spatiaux, de la polarisation des grandes villes, de la proximité des grands axes hydrauliques et de communication, le poids des dynamiques sociales et de l'histoire politique locale, autant de phénomènes que l'on tentera de spatialiser et dont on localisera les interférences de façon plus systématique grâce à la mise en place d'un SIC 
Enfin, l'enquête de terrain bien ciblée permet de mieux étudier la diversité et la complexité des processus d'adaptation au surpeuplement que la carte, à des échelles plus petites, ne pouvait appréhender. Dans un espace aussi densément peuplé, les stratégies de résidence des habitants sont de plus en plus complexes et difficilement mesurables à l'aune des statistiques.</text>
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                <text>Fanchette Sylvie. Le delta du Fleuve Rouge (Vietnam) : étude des densités de population et de l'urbanisation des campagnes. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2002-1-2. Géographie et population. pp. 189-202.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2002_num_20_1_2031</text>
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                <text>Scales of Analysis ; Population Density ; Urbanization of Rural Areas ; GIS ; Red River Delta</text>
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                <text>Urbanisation des campagnes ; Densités de population ; Delta du Fleuve Rouge ; Analyse à plusieurs échelles ; SIC</text>
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                <text>Le delta du Fleuve Rouge (Vietnam) : étude des densités de population et de l'urbanisation des campagnes</text>
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                <text>550-551</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Fourquet Jérôme</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2003</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="386348">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2003_num_21_3_2109_t1_0550_0000_2</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="386349">
                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>PERSEE</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="386351">
                <text>Hervé Le Bras : Une autre France</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="386352">
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                <text>325-339</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Bertrand Zuindeau</text>
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                <text>Guy Chautard</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="386303">
                <text>2001</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386304">
                <text>The Stake of a sustainable Reconversion of industrial Tradition Territories : the Example of the Nord - Pas-de-Calais Coal field.

Not only the reconverting areas are confronted with the stake of the renewal of their economic activities system, but beyond that, considering the consequences resulting from the past industrialization, they must deal with the objective, still more ambitious, of a renovation of the whole of their territory. Using the terms of a recent problematics, we will say that it is necessary to pass from a "non-sustainability" situation to a real sustainable development. Considering the example of the Nord - Pas de Calais coal basin, it seems to us that, after 40 years of reconverting policies, many recent initiatives aim to this stake of sustainable re-development.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="386305">
                <text>Non seulement les zones de reconversion sont confrontées à l'enjeu d'un renouvellement de leur système d'activités économiques, mais, au-delà, compte tenu des séquelles issues de l'industrialisation passée, ils doivent faire face à l'objectif, plus ambitieux encore, d'une rénovation de l'ensemble de leur territoire. Reprenant les termes d'une problématique récente, nous dirons qu'il leur faut passer d'une situation de non-durabilité à un véritable développement durable. Considérant l'exemple du bassin minier du Nord - Pas-de-Calais, il nous semble que, dans le prolongement de plus de 40 ans de politiques de reconversion, un certain nombre d'initiatives récentes vont dans le sens de cet enjeu de redéveloppement durable.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="386306">
                <text>Chautard Guy, Zuindeau Bertrand. L'enjeu d'une reconversion durable des territoires de tradition industrielle : l'exemple du bassin minier du Nord - Pas-de-Calais. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2001-3. Les populations des bassins d'industries lourdes. pp. 325-339.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2001_num_19_3_2001</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Reconversion ; Bassin minier du Nord - Pas-de- Calais ; Développement durable</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>L'enjeu d'une reconversion durable des territoires de tradition industrielle : l'exemple du bassin minier du Nord - Pas-de-Calais</text>
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                <text>424-425</text>
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                <text>Muriel Neven and Catherine Capron (edited by) : Family Structures, Demography and Population. A Comparison of Societies in Asia and Europe</text>
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                <text>373-385</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Dina Vaiou</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2002</text>
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                <text>Dans les interstices de la ville : les Albanaises à Athènes.

Au lendemain de 1989, les pays sud-européens, Grèce incluse, auparavant lieux d'émigration, sont devenus la destination privilégiée d'importants flux migratoires. Actuellement de nombreux rapports et études soulignent la présence nombreuse des femmes dans ces mouvements migratoires - ce qui remet en question le stéréotype du migrant homme, jeune et célibataire. La prise de conscience de la présence de femmes migrantes, différemment représentées dans les diverses communautés, a ouvert de nouvelles pistes de recherche féministe - avec l'apparition de nouvelles tensions dans les débats féministes, particulièrement au sud de l' Europe où l' expérience des sociétés multiculturelles est très récente. C'est également le cas dans les études de géographie urbaine auxquelles cet article cherche à contribuer, à partir d' une recherche en cours à Athènes. Athènes, comme toutes les villes de Grèce, a connu un développement dans lequel ce que l'on appelle "secteur informel" joue un rôle clé : tant en ce qui concerne la production de l' espace que le marché du travail et le fonctionnement des institutions. Ceci a légitimé, entre autres, l'engagement limité et parfois controversé de l' Etat dans un certain nombre de domaines d' intervention, incluant la qualité de vie, le logement et l'aménagement - ce qui limite le contrôle direct de l'État dans la vie quotidienne. Le fonctionnement du "secteur informel" a entraîné des problèmes urbains pour lesquels Athènes est réputée, mais a laissé des failles ayant permis l'apparition et le développement de mécanismes d'intégration sociale. De telles failles ont permis aux migrantes (et aux migrants) de trouver travail et logement et de s' établir dans leur lieu de destination. Cet article se base sur le posulat que les migrantes ne sont pas des agents passifs, qu'au contraire elles développent des stratégies de survie et cherchent activement à déterminer les conditions de leur installation dans leur nouvel environnement. Cet article soutient que leur présence dans les quartiers centraux d'Athènes a contribué à la revitalisation du centre-ville, en introduisant de nouveaux usages des services, infrastructures et espaces publics. À travers les interviews des Albanaises à Athènes, l'article examine trois niveaux spatiaux : le voisinage, la ville et la trajectoire, et cherche à établir des liens entre genre et expériences de/dans l'espace.</text>
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                <text>In the aftermath of 1989, Southern European countries including Greece, former places of out-migration, have become the destination of massive waves of migrants. By now numerous estimates, reports and studies point to the high presence of women in these migratory movements - which challenges established stereotyped images of the migrant as a young male single person. The "discovery" of women migrants, with different presence in various migrant communities, has opened new areas of feminist research - and new tensions in feminist debates, particularly in Southern Europe where the experience of multicultural societies is very new. This is the case in urban geography/studies, to which this paper seeks to contribute, based on on-going research in Athens. 
Athens, like all Greek cities, has a development history in which what has been called "the informal" plays a key role: in the production of space, in the labour market, in the functioning of institutions. This has legitimated, among other things, the limited and sometimes controversial involvement of the state in several potential fields of intervention, including welfare, housing and planning, thus reducing direct state control on everyday life. The workings of the informal have contributed to urban problems for which Athens is notorious, but have left "gaps" where mechanisms of social integration could and have developed. Such gaps have made it possible, until recently, for women (and men) migrants to find a job and home, to establish themselves in their place of destination. Based on the premise that women migrants are not passive agents, but that they develop strategies of survival and actively seek to determine the terms of their settlement in the new environment, the paper argues that their numerous presence in many central neighbourhoods of Athens has contributed to the revitalisation of the inner city, by introducing new uses of its facilities, services, infrastructures and public spaces. Through interviews with Albanian women in Athens, the paper looks into three spatial levels, neighbourhood, city, trajectory, and seeks to understand the links between gender and experiences of/in space.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="386248">
                <text>Vaiou Dina. In the Interstices of the City: Albanian Women in Athens . In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2002-3. Questions de genre. pp. 373-385.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2002_num_20_3_2046</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.2002.2046</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386253">
                <text>Urban Space ; (Albanian) Migrant Women ; Gender ; The Informal</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="386254">
                <text>Genre ; Espace urbain ; Secteur informel ; Migrantes (Albanaises)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386255">
                <text>In the Interstices of the City: Albanian Women in Athens </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="386212">
                <text>383-398</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386213">
                <text>Muriel Neven</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="386214">
                <text>Catherine Capron</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="386215">
                <text>Vincent Houillon</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="386216">
                <text>Laurence Thomsin</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="386217">
                <text>2001</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386218">
                <text>Dans cet article, nous proposons d'aborder les conséquences du vieillissement de deux localités inscrites dans des bassins d'industries lourdes non seulement d'un point de vue démographique mais aussi sous l'angle de la main-d'œuvre. 
Denain et Seraing, bien que construites sur des logiques de développement comparables au cours du 19ème siècle, répondent aujourd'hui à des formes inégales de recomposition du tissu économique. Elles se présentent comme des observatoires privilégiés d'une analyse comparative de l'état d'un « sur- » vieillissement de la population résultant de l'inscription historique d'un « sur- » baby-Boom, et de l'état d'une structure de main-d'œuvre originale parce que fortement soumise aux effets de l'émigration et largement préretraitée (prépensionnée selon l'expression belge). Plus qu'une comparaison des situations, c'est une réflexion que nous désirons aborder sur la notion même du vieillissement, renfermant en elle des processus parfois très dynamiques, et sur les capacités de rebond de deux villes industrielles sur base d'une structure de la population aux comportements démographiques nuancés pouvant interagir eux-mêmes sur l'évolution du profil de la population active restée sur place.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="386219">
                <text>An integrated Approach to Ageing in two Iron and Steel Metallurgy Cities : Denain (Nord Pas-de-Calais) and Seraing (Province of Liege).

In this article we explore the consequences of ageing in two localities located in heavy industry basins from a demographic point of view as well as from the angle of labour. Although Denain and Seraing were built according to comparable development logic in the 19th century, today they respond to unequal forms of recomposition of the economic fabric. They constitute privileged observatories for a comparative analysis of a supra-ageing of the population focusing on : a particularity resulting from the historical perspective of the supra-baby boom, a labour market that is artificially "young", due to early retirement; the response to social management of the structural crisis. Rather than a comparison of situations, we propose a line of reflection, exploring the very notion of ageing, which includes processes that are sometimes quite dynamic and the abilities of these two industrial cities to revive themselves on the basis of population structure with nuanced demographie behaviours, capable of themselves interacting on the evolution of the profile of 
the remaining active population.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="386220">
                <text>Thomsin Laurence, Houillon Vincent, Capron Catherine, Neven Muriel. Une approche intégrée du vieillissement dans deux villes sidérurgiques : Denain (Nord - Pas-de-Calais) et Seraing (Province de Liège). In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2001-3. Les populations des bassins d'industries lourdes. pp. 383-398.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386221">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2001_num_19_3_2005</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="386222">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.2001.2005</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386223">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386224">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386225">
                <text>Denain ; Demographic Ageing ; Ageing of the Working Population ; Industrial Basin ; Seraing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="386226">
                <text>Vieillissement démographique ; Vieillissement de la population active ; Bassin industriel ; Seraing ; Denain</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386227">
                <text>Une approche intégrée du vieillissement dans deux villes sidérurgiques : Denain (Nord - Pas-de-Calais) et Seraing (Province de Liège)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386228">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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      <elementSetContainer>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644244">
                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386151">
                <text>453-467</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386152">
                <text>Pascal Buléon</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386153">
                <text>2003</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386154">
                <text>National Front vote 1984-2002, Changing Geographies and Interpretations: a Political Equation.

At the French presidential election of 2002, Jean-Marie Le Pen, extreme right candidate, receives 16,86 % of the vote cast, is second- placed, eliminates Lionel Jospin, Socialist Party candidate and out-going Prime Minister, and takes on Jacques Chirac in the second round. In 28 years, since 1974, date when the National Front appears in the present form, its rise has been spectacular but the geographies and sources of Le Pen vote have changed. These often profound modifications in geography and voting behaviour are placed in context, for which interpretations are offered in the article.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="386155">
                <text>Aux élections présidentielles françaises de 2002, Jean-Marie Le Pen, candidat d'extrême droite, obtient 16,86 % des exprimés, arrive en seconde position, élimine Lionel Jospin, candidat du PS et Premier Ministre sortant, et s'oppose à Jacques Chirac au second tour. En 28 ans, depuis 1974, date de l'apparition du Front National en tant que tel, la progression est spectaculaire mais les géographies et les ressorts du vote Le Pen se sont modifiés. Ce sont ces modifications des géographies du vote et de ses ressorts souvent profonds que l'article met en perspective et dont il propose des interprétations.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="386156">
                <text>Buléon Pascal, Fourquet Jérôme. Vote Front National 1984-2002, géographies et interprétations successives : une équation politique. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2003-3. Populations, élections, territoires. pp. 453-467.</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386157">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2003_num_21_3_2098</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="386158">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.2003.2098</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386159">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386160">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386161">
                <text>Explaining Voting Behaviour ; Electoral Geography ; Peri-urban Areas ; Elections ; France ; National Front</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="386162">
                <text>Périurbain ; Géographie électorale ; Élections ; France ; Front National ; Explication du vote</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386163">
                <text>Vote Front National 1984-2002, géographies et interprétations successives : une équation politique</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386164">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
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  </item>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644246">
                  <text>PERSEE</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386128">
                <text>369-382</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386129">
                <text>Suzy Pasleau</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386130">
                <text>2001</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386131">
                <text>A Population in Service of Coal, Iron and Glass. Seraing 1846-1900.

In Seraing, village situated in the coal field of Liege, companies of international fame are implanted from the first quarter of the 19th century : iron company Cockerill (1817) and glassworks of Val-Saint- Lambert (1826). Beside four collieries (and after three), these giants of the heavy industry press directly on the economy of Seraing. Employing a numerous manpower they also influence the demographic expansion. By the complex set of the natural and migratory movements, the population of Seraing is multiplied by twenty, from 1800 till 1913 ! Such a growth results from a constant influx of young immigrants attracted by high salaries. The image of the solitary male migrant should however give up the place to that of the domestic migrations. On the other hand, the population growth knows by 1875 a transition characterized certainly by a decline of the birth rate but especially by a fall of the mortality. Between economy and demography a lot of links are made and come undone to Seraing.</text>
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                <text>À Seraing, localité située dans le bassin houiller de Liège, des entreprises de renommée internationale sont implantées, dès le premier quart du 19ème siècle : la société sidérurgique Cockerill (en 1817) et les cristalleries du Val-Saint-Lambert (en 1826). Aux côtés de quatre (puis trois) charbonnages, ces géants de l'industrie lourde pèsent directement sur l'économie sérésienne. Employant une main-d'œuvre nombreuse, ils influencent aussi l'expansion démographique. Par le jeu complexe des mouvements naturel et migratoire, la population sérésienne est multipliée par vingt de 1800 à 1913 ! Une telle croissance résulte d'un afflux constant de jeunes immigrés attirés par de hauts salaires. L'image du migrant masculin solitaire doit cependant céder la place à celle de migrations familiales. D'autre part, la croissance démographique connaît, vers 1875, une transition caractérisée certes par une baisse de la natalité mais surtout par une chute de la mortalité. Entre économie et démographie, de multiples liens se font et se défont à Seraing.</text>
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                <text>Pasleau Suzy. Une population au service de la cité du charbon, du fer et du verre. Seraing, 1846-1900. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2001-3. Les populations des bassins d'industries lourdes. pp. 369-382.</text>
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                <text>Guy Baudelle et Bernard Castagnède (sous la direction de) : Le polycentrisme en Europe : une vision de l' aménagement du territoire européen</text>
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                <text>243-258</text>
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                <text>René Leboutte</text>
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                <text>2001</text>
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                <text>La main-d'œuvre étrangère a constitué une part importante des migrations de travail dans le passé. Leurs flux étaient régulés par l'industrie, en particulier l'exploitation charbonnière, qui faisait appel à des travailleurs temporaires. Dès lors, celle-ci était perçue comme n'affectant pas le modèle démographique et socio-économique régional. Cependant, l'analyse historique des bassins industriels en Europe contredit cette vue trop réductrice. Les immigrants dans les bassins industriels ont constitué une composante permanente du peuplement régional. De plus, ils ont contribué à la globalisation du marché du travail. Un long processus de brassage de populations a donné naissance à des communautés nouvelles, différentes des communautés urbaines ou rurales. Une demande croissante de travailleurs étrangers après la Seconde Guerre mondiale a encore renforcé la composition multiethnique des bassins industriels. Lorsque le déclin industriel s'est amorcé à la fin des années 1950, le caractère international de ces communautés locales est apparu clairement. Des études de cas réalisées sous l'égide de la Haute Autorité de la C.E.C.A. ont mis en lumière la complexité sociale des bassins industriels. Dès le début, la C.E.C.A. a établi une nouvelle politique sociale dans le cadre des politiques de reconversion afin de maintenir sur place les anciens immigrants. Ceux-ci ont alors été considérés comme une composante dynamique de l'essor démographique. Dès lors, les bassins industriels ont stimulé une politique de libre circulation des travailleurs, un marché commun du travail. Depuis les années 1970, la libre circulation des travailleurs est devenue un élément essentiel dans le processus d'intégration européenne. Ce processus est profondément ancré dans l'histoire des bassins industriels.</text>
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                <text>From "Guest workers" to "European citizens". Mobility and migration in industrial areas in Europe, 19-20th centuries. 

"Guest workers" constituted the bulk of labour migration in the past. Their flows were regulated by industry — mainly coal mines - asking for temporary workers. Therefore, it was considered that labour migrants did not affect the regional demographic and socio-economic patterns. However, the historical analysis of the industrial areas in Europe contradicts such a simplistic view. Immigrants in the industrial basins constituted a permanent component of the regional population. Moreover, they contributed to globalisation of the labour market. A long process of intermingling people has given birth to new local communities in industrial areas, different both from urban or rural communities. Increasing demand for labour migrants after the Second World War strengthened the multiethnic composition of industrial areas. When the process of industrial decline began in the late 1950s, the international nature of these local communities appeared. Case studies performed under the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community revealed the social complexity of industrial basins. From the beginning, the ECSC set up a new social policy in the framework of redeployment policies to maintain the former immigrants. They were then considered as a dynamic component of local demographic growth. Industrial areas therefore stimulated a policy of free movement of labour, a common market of labour. From the 1970s onwards free movement of labour has been a key issue in the process of European integration. Such a process is deeply rooted into the history of industrial areas.</text>
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                <text>Leboutte René. Des "travailleurs étrangers" aux "citoyens européens". Mobilité et migrations dans les bassins industriels en Europe aux 19ème-20ème siècles. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2001-3. Les populations des bassins d'industries lourdes. pp. 243-258.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2001_num_19_3_1996</text>
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                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.2001.1996</text>
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                <text>fre</text>
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                <text>European Integration ; Free Movement of Labour ; Globalisation ; Industrial Decline ; Labour Migration ; Migration Policy ; Regional Geography</text>
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                <text>Géographie régionale ; Déclin industriel ; Politique migratoire ; Migrations de main-d'œuvre ; Libre circulation des travailleurs ; Intégration européenne ; Globalisation</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Des "travailleurs étrangers" aux "citoyens européens". Mobilité et migrations dans les bassins industriels en Europe aux 19ème-20ème siècles</text>
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                <text>Boquet Yves. Diversité des populations d'Amérique du Nord. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2003-1. Diversité des populations d'Amérique du Nord. pp. 13-14.</text>
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                <text>Diversité des populations d'Amérique du Nord</text>
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