Médinas immuables ? Gentrification et changement dans les villes historiques marocaines (1996-2010)
médina, gentrification, tourisme, patrimonialisation, patrimoine urbain, restauration architecturale, politique urbaine, sociologie urbaine, investissements étrangers, migration transnationale
Présentation par l'éditeur : Cet ouvrage entend contribuer au renouveau théorique de l’étude des médinas au Maroc, en rendant compte de l’étendue et de la nature d’un phénomène à peine envisageable au début des années quatre-vingt-dix. Les auteurs abordent, en effet, les mutations en cours dans les médinas à partir de la perspective de la gentrification, c'est-à-dire du phénomène de réinvestissement de quartiers anciens, souvent fort détériorés, par des nouveaux résidents aisés, qui y impulsent des dynamiques rénovatrices. S’appuyant sur des enquêtes de terrain dans plusieurs villes marocaines, les études présentées s’intéressent aux profils et aux motivations de ces nouveaux habitants, à leurs interactions avec les anciens habitants, au rôle de l’Etat, aux rapports entre gentrification, tourisme, patrimonialisation et cosmopolitisme. Tout en soulignant les dynamiques convergentes et les caractéristiques que les médinas marocaines partagent avec le modèle "classique" de la gentrification, elles pointent également les spécificités locales, y compris entre les différentes médinas. L’ensemble de ces études et des entretiens avec des personnalités impliquées dans la sauvegarde du patrimoine fournit une première perspective synthétique sur ce phénomène. Sommaire : - Justin McGuinness et Elsa Coslado, Carnets de terrain : année 2000, quand les changements s’imposent aux yeux des chercheurs… - Ahmed Skounti, Préface - Elsa Coslado, Justin McGuinness et Catherine Miller, Introduction Première partie : la gentrification au Maroc en débat - Elsa Coslado et Justin McGuinness, De la gentrification et de sa mise en perspective au Sud en général et au Maroc en particulier - Anne-Claire Kurzac-Souali, Les médinas marocaines, un nouveau type de gentrification ? - Anton Escher et Sandra Petermann, Facteurs et acteurs de la gentrification touristique à Marrakech, Essaouira et Fès - Mekki Zouaoui, Dynamiques socio-économiques dans une médina non "gentrifiée" : le cas de Salé Deuxième partie : parcours, pratiques et impact - Ingrid Ernst, La médina de Marrakech dans le contexte de sa gentrification : un jeu virtuel et paradoxal - Anton Escher et Sandra Petermann, Du jet-setter au retraité : parcours et profils des habitants étrangers des médinas de Marrakech et d’Essaouira - Rachida Saïgh Bousta, Riads transformés en maison d’hôtes dans la médina de Marrakech : quel devenir pour le "patrimoine intangible" ? - Justin McGuinness et Zoubeïr Mouhli, Restaurer une maison à patio à Fès : "savoir-quoi", "savoir-comment" et communication interculturelle, 2000-2009 - Manon Istasse, Dynamique de requalification des médinas et préservation du patrimoine : étude en acte dans la médina de Fès - Anne-Claire Kurzac-Souali, Requalification urbaine des médinas et enjeux socio-économiques locaux Troisième partie : la gentrification en action. Entretiens et témoignages - Elsa Coslado, De la ville de terre à la ville durable, itinéraire et point de vue d’un pionnier. Entretien avec Quentin Wilbaux (Bruxelles, 14 mai 2010) - Ingrid Ernst, Dans un derb de la médina de Marrakech : dix ans d’observation participante. Témoignage - Anne-Claire Kurzac-Souali, Peut-on parler de gentrification pour Casablanca ? Entretien avec Abderrahim Kassou - Manon Istasse, La médina de Fès : faire revivre la mosaïque. Entretien avec Abdelfettah Seffar (Fès, 4 mai 2010) - Justin McGuinness, L’évolution des médinas et la politique urbaine. Entretien avec Olivier Toutain (kasbah des Oudayas, Rabat, février 2011) - Justin McGuinness, La gentrification et la défense du patrimoine urbain de Casablanca. Entretien avec Jacqueline Alluchon (Casablanca, juin 2011) - Manon Istasse, Politique patrimoniale à Fès et rôle de l’Inspection des monuments historiques. Entretien avec Mohamed Mouhcine El Idrissi El Omari (Fès, janvier 2011) - Nabil Rahmouni, La médina de Salé : enjeux et paradoxes de la réhabilitation. Témoignage - Elsa Coslado et Justin McGuinness, Les médinas du Maroc en mutation. Quelles perspectives pour la recherche ?
Elsa Coslado, Justin McGuinness et Catherine Miller (Dir.)
Territoires, architecture et matériel au Levant
archéologie, Levant, Syrie, Jordanie, architecture, gestion des territoires, rites, sanctuaires
Présentation par l'éditeur : De nombreuses études sur la Syrie et la Jordanie sont menées par des doctorants d’universités françaises (Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Lyon, Aix-Marseille, Strasbourg), syriennes (Universités de Damas, Alep, Lattaquié) et étrangères (Barcelone, Rome, Londres, Gérone ...) dans le cadre de collaborations internationales. Le dynamisme des recherches sur la Syrie du Sud organisées par la Mission archéologique française en Syrie du Sud (MAFSS) et la Direction Générale des Antiquités et des Musées de Syrie (DGAMS) se traduit entre autres par le nombre de doctorants impliqués. Le travail sur le terrain, opérations archéologiques, relevés et études architecturales, prospections thématiques, inventaires épigraphiques occupe une place centrale dans ces études, permettant la production de données originales qui renouvellent les problématiques et les interprétations. Ces études sont réalisées en étroite collaboration avec la DGAMS et le soutien du Ministère des Affaires étrangères et européennes (MAEE). La table-ronde organisée par la Mission archéologique française en Syrie du Sud (MAFSS) en décembre 2011 a été l’occasion de réunir ces jeunes chercheurs travaillant sur la Syrie du Sud, auxquels se sont joints plusieurs autres travaillant dans d’autres régions de la Syrie et en Jordanie. Ils ont pu présenter leurs sujets, montrer l’avancée de leurs recherches et leurs résultats, et discuter avec l’ensemble des chercheurs travaillant sur la région. Les articles rendent compte de ces travaux novateurs.
Amélie Le Bihan, Pierre-Marie Blanc, Frank Braemer, Jacqueline Dentzer-Feydy et François Villeneuve
Tincelin Aude, photographie, ANRU, rénovation urbaine, politiques urbaines, Ile-de-France, Paris, banlieue parisienne, grands ensembles
Présentation de l'ouvrage par Presse & Cité : "Avec ses pieds et son vélo, Aude Tincelin a quadrillé les grands ensembles en pleine rénovation urbaine, à travers l'Ile-de-France. Cette photographe indépendante a travaillé une année, du printemps 2011 au printemps 2012, avec Nathalie Pierrer, une journaliste du Parisien, édition Seine-Saint-Denis. A quatre mains, elles ont écrit « Archives 01 », publié aux éditions Illimitées, un petit livre de photos que l'on peut glisser dans sa poche. Petit livre de plus de 300 clichés de villes vides, de bâtiments parfois délabrés, souvent rénovés. Tous en travaux ou sur le point de l'être. Il n'y a pas d'habitants, ou quelques rares silhouettes. Aude Tincelin a choisi d'appuyer sur le déclencheur tôt le matin, en semaine, là il y a peu de monde. « Je ne photographie pas les gens. Je ne justifie pas ma présence. Ce sont des portraits de quartiers. Je ne triche pas. Il y a des moments où il n'y a personne dans les rues. L'idée, c'était de ne pas rajouter quoique ce soit à ce que je voyais », explique la photographe. Au final, les images sont justes et sans bruit. Des images silencieuses." A noter : Crévilles aime cet ouvrage et vous recommande d'acheter la version papier !
Banlieue, Nanterre, cité, conflit, chômage, police, justice, délinquance, discrimination, émigré, emploi, exclusion, ghetto, grand ensemble, habitants, identité, inégalité résidentielle, inégalité spatiale, injustice
Présentation par l'éditeur : Quand quatre jeunes de banlieue se prennent d’écrire leur quotidien avec un de leurs éducateurs pendant plus d’un an, ça envoie du lourd. Entre provocations policières, soirées à tchatcher dans les halls d’immeuble, jugements et appels, embrouilles à la con, boulots foireux, visites en prison, heures d’ennui et éclats de rire, c’est le quotidien d’un quartier populaire comme tant d’autres qui est raconté. Mais c’est sans doute des mots que viendront les solutions. La découverte de l’écriture et du pouvoir de ces foutus mots. Face à des flics. Face à des juges. Face à soi-même. A noter : les éditions Zones donnent gratuitement accès au contenu des livres qu'elles publient en espérant que ces "lybers" vous donneront envie d’acheter leurs livres, disponibles dans toutes les bonnes librairies. Car c’est la vente de livres qui permet de rémunérer l’auteur, l’éditeur et le libraire, et de vous proposer de nouveaux lybers et de nouveaux livres.
Rachid Ben Bella, Sylvain Erambert, Riadh Lakhéchene, Alexandre Philibert et Joseph ponthus
Accra, capitale en mouvement : familles citadines, logement et pratiques résidentielles
pratiques résidentielles, mobilité résidentielle, logement, accès au logement, urbanisation, Accra, Ghana
Présentation par l'éditeur : Cet ouvrage est le produit d’une recherche collaborative entre l’Institut de Recherche pour le développement (IRD, France), l’Université de Legon (Ghana) et le CODESRIA. S’interrogeant sur les familles citadines et les pratiques résidentielles à l’épreuve de la mobilité, cette contribution s’est inscrite dans les projets scientifiques concernant précisément l’urbanisation et un cas métropolitain en Afrique de l’Ouest. Elle a privilégié la collecte de données originales et leur mise en perspective dans l’état des connaissances sur les dynamiques sociales et territoriales des grandes villes africaines. Sommaire : 1. Introduction : défis de l’urbanisation au Ghana Paul W. K. Yankson & Monique Bertrand (3-46) 2. Urban Families and Residential Mobility in Accra Elizabeth Ardayfio-Schandorf 3. Household Dynamics and Residential Patterns in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area Elizabeth Ardayfio-Schandorf 4. Ménages, familles et résidence Monique Bertrand 5. Notion de logement, pratiques résidentielles en discussion Monique Bertrand 6. Landlordism and Housing Production in Greater Accra Metropolitan Area Paul W. K. Yankson 7. Rental Housing and Tenancy Dynamics with Particular Focus on Low-income Households in Greater Accra Metropolitan Area Paul W. K. Yankson (183-206) 8. Citadins en mouvements Monique Bertrand avec la collaboration de Daniel Delaunay 9. Conclusion : métropolisation et fragmentation du Grand Accra Monique Bertrand Elizabeth Ardayfio-Schandorf est géographe et professeure à l’Université du Ghana (Legon). Elle est aussi Directrice du Family and Development Programme dans la même université. Paul W.K. Yankson est professeur de géographie à l’Université du Ghana, Legon. Il y dirige également le Laboratoire de Télédétection appliquée. Monique Bertrand est géographe et directrice de Recherches à l’UMR 201 « Développement et sociétés » de l’IEDES-Université Paris 1 et de l’Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD).
Elizabeth Ardayfio-Schandorf, Paul W. K. Yankson et Monique Bertrand (dir.)
Méthodologies d'évaluation économique du patrimoine urbain : une approche par la soutenabilité
patrimoine urbain, politique patrimoniale, évaluation économique, soutenabilité, Saint-Louis du Sénégal, Sousse
Présentation par l'éditeur : Le patrimoine urbain est désormais considéré par les acteurs du développement comme une ressource pour leur territoire. Ils cherchent donc à en préciser la valeur économique. Cette évaluation est délicate car ce patrimoine est une réalité complexe qui combine quatre dimensions interdépendantes : économiques, culturelles, sociales et environnementales. La méthodologie d’évaluation économique du patrimoine urbain comprend quatre phases d’analyse. La première étape d’identification de ce patrimoine ne saurait se contenter d’une approche exclusivement économique : elle suppose de combiner celle-ci avec des approches historiques et sociologiques. L’évaluation des services rendus par le patrimoine urbain constitue la deuxième étape. Le troisième temps est central dans la méthodologie proposée : à partir de la notion de soutenabilité, empruntée à l’économie de l’environnement, sont confrontés les flux d’investissement et de dégradation du patrimoine urbain. Enfin, des effets de seuil et de risques de non-soutenabilité sont introduits dans l’analyse. Un diagramme de soutenabilité permet de visualiser et synthétiser cette démarche en un seul schéma. Sommaire : Introduction 1. L’approche patrimoniale : la notion de patrimoine urbain 1.1. Les approches historique, sociologique et économique 1.2. Les politiques patrimoniales : l’intégration de l’économique et du social 1.3. La problématique du patrimoine urbain vue par les bailleurs 1.4. Les systèmes de financement du patrimoine urbain 1.5. Protection et valorisation du patrimoine urbain : la gestion des risques 1.6. Esquisse de typologie des centres urbains historiques 1.7. Le patrimoine urbain dans les processus de développement territorial 1.8. Le patrimoine urbain, un patrimoine à part 2. Les principales méthodes d’évaluation économique du patrimoine 2.1. Les méthodes standard d’évaluation économique appliquées au patrimoine culturel et au patrimoine urbain 2.2. Les méthodes d’évaluation environnementale : bilan 2.3. Transposition des méthodes d’évaluation utilisées dans le domaine de l’environnement au domaine du patrimoine urbain 3. Une grille d’évaluation économique du patrimoine urbain 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Une grille d’analyse reposant sur une approche inclusive de la soutenabilité 4. Une illustration de la grille d’analyse : le patrimoine urbain de Saint-Louis du Sénégal et Sousse (Tunisie) 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Première étape de la grille : l’identification du patrimoine urbain (analyse en termes de stocks) 4.3. Deuxième étape de la grille : identification des services rendus (valeurs de flux) 4.4.Troisième étape de la grille : taux d’accumulation, investissements et dépréciation. Le diagramme de soutenabilité 4.5. Quatrième étape de la grille : effets de seuil et de risques Conclusion Liste des sigles et abréviations Glossaire Bibliographie Michel Vernières est professeur émérite de sciences économiques à l’Université de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, chercheur associé au centre d’économie de la Sorbonne.
La ville, lieu d'accueil et d'hospitalité ? Le partage de l'espace en Ile-de-France
accueil, hospitalité, solidarité, exclusion, sans-domicile, Ile-de-France
Présentation par l'éditeur : Actes de la Rencontre organisée le mardi 23 novembre 2010 à la Délégation à la politique de la ville et à l’intégration de Paris. Co-édité par le Centre de ressources politique de la ville en Essonne, la Délégation à la politique de la ville et à l’intégration de la ville de Paris, le Pôle de ressources départemental Ville et Développement social du Val d’Oise et Profession Banlieue. La ville accueille, attire, concentre… Mais si la ville est un lieu où l’on arrive, est-elle encore pour autant un lieu d’accueil et d’hospitalité ? Quels droits, quelles solidarités, quelle place pour ceux qui échappent aux processus nationaux de la solidarité redistributive et aux bénéfices du droit commun ? Et sur quels leviers agir pour construire une métropole équilibrée et solidaire ? Sommaire : Introduction Le recours à la notion d’hospitalité peut-il éclairer les débats actuels sur la ville ? Anne Gotmann, directrice de recherches au Centre de recherche sur les liens sociaux (Cerlis-CNRS), université Paris V – René-Descartes Espace public, espace commun ? Laurent Bony, architecte urbaniste conseiller au CAUE 91,chargé de cours à l’École nationale supérieure d’architecture de Paris - La Villette Marie-Odile Terrenoire, responsable du Pôle ressources de la Délégation à la politique de la ville et à l’intégration de la Ville de Paris Les usages de l’espace public en question. L’expérience limite du sans-domicile-fixe Pascale Pichon, sociologue, maître de conférence à l’université de Saint-Étienne, chercheure au laboratoire Modys (CNRS) Diversité des moteurs et des formes d’exclusion territoriale en Île-de-France et leviers de l’action publique Brigitte Guigou, sociologue-urbaniste, Institut d’aménagement et d’urbanisme d’Île-de-France Graphiques et cartographie Éléments bibliographiques
The making of the English middle class: Business, society and family life in London, 1660-1730
, classe moyenne, bourgeoisie, économie, emploi, histoire urbaine, société urbaine, famille, family, London, Londres, seventeenth century, eighteenth century, dix-septième siècle, dix-huitième siècle, Earle Peter
Urban revolt: Ethnic politics in the nineteenth-century Chicago labor movement
mouvement social, emploi, politique de la ville, nineteenth century, dix-neuvième siècle, Chicago, histoire urbaine, sciences politiques, ethnicité, Hirsch Eric L.
Extract from the Preface: I became interested in nineteenth-century Chicago labor history in an indirect way. I had begun a study of political mobilization in Chicago community organizing and felt that I could not understand the political process that led to such mobilization without also understanding the underlying political and economic forces that created issues for community groups. I undertook a study of disinvestment in an aging industrial city - investigating Chicago's loss of thousands of manufacturing jobs, the denial of mortgages and loans to black inner-city neighborhoods, and the flight of many middle-class residents to the suburbs. The political and economic consequences of these underlying trends resulted in the mobilization of community groups to fight job loss, crime, redlining, and housing abandonment. I also became fascinated with the idea of comparing movements that arose as a result of decline and disinvestment with movements that responded to growth and investment in Chicago in its early history. I wanted to be able to answer the question how movements reacting to industrialization and urbanization in nineteenth-century Chicago differed from movements responding to deindustrialization and population loss. I also wanted to understand why the protest movements in the nineteenth century were generally labor oriented, but post-World War II, twentieth-century protests were more likely to be carried out by community organizations. This interest led me to study the Chicago labor movement in the 1870s and 1880s, a period of industrialization and urban growth. Eric L. Hirsch is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Columbia University.
Capital cities in Africa: Power and powerlessness
Africa, Afrique, ville africaine, African city, capitale, capital city, politique de la ville, espace urbain, architecture, démographie, urbanisation, gouvernance, forme urbaine, Conakry, Dakar, Lomé, Lagos, Abuja, Brazzaville, Nairobi, Maputo, Luanda, Pretoria, Johannesburg, Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Le Cap, Bekker Simon, Therborn Göran
Abstract from the publisher: Capital cities today remain central to both nations and states. They host centres of political power, not only national, but in some cases regional and global as well, thus offering major avenues to success, wealth and privilege. For these reasons capitals simultaneously become centres of 'counter-power', locations of high-stakes struggles between the government and the opposition. This volume focuses on capital cities in nine sub-Saharan African countries, and traces how the power vested in them has evolved through different colonial backgrounds, radically different kinds of regimes after independence, waves of popular protest, explosive population growth and in most cases stunted economic development. Starting at the point of national political emancipation, each case study explores the complicated processes of nation-state building through its manifestation in the 'urban geology' of the city – its architecture, iconography, layout and political use of urban space. Although the evolution of each of these cities is different, they share a critical demographic feature: an extraordinarily rapid process of urbanisation that is more politically than economically driven. Overwhelmed by the inevitable challenges resulting from this urban sprawl, the governments seated in most of these capital cities are in effect both powerful – wielding power over their populace – and powerless, lacking power to implement their plans and to provide for their inhabitants. In its concentration on urban forms of multi-layered power, symbolic as well as material, Capital Cities in Africa cuts a new path in the rich field of studies related to African cities and politics. It will be of interest to scholars in a wide range of disciplines, from political history, to sociology, to geography, architecture and urban planning. Contents: Simon Bekker and Göran Therboro - Introduction Odile Goerg - Conakry Amadou Diop - Dakar Phillippe Gervais-Lambony - Lomé Laurent Fouchard - Lagos Wale Adebanwi - Abuja Gabriel Tati - Brazzaville Samuel Owuor and Teresa Mbatia - Nairobi Paul Jenkins - Maputo and Luanda Alan Mabin - South African capital cities Göran Therborn and Simon Bekker - Conclusion Simon Bekker is a South African sociologist who has served as Professor of Development Studies at Rhodes University, and as Director of the Centre for Social and Development Studies at the (then) University of Natal. He is currently Emeritus Professor in Sociology at the University of Stellenbosch. Göran Therborn is an international Swedish sociologist who has served as Professor of Sociology at Cambridge and Uppsala Universities, as Professor of Politics in Nijmegen Netherlands, and as co-Director of the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences. He has launched a globally comparative project on Cities of Power, focusing on capital cities.
Living downtown: The history of residential hotels in the United States
logement, hotel, hôtel, United States, États-Unis, crise du logement, centre-ville, habitants, urbanité, culture urbaine, histoire urbaine, Groth Paul
Extract from the Preface: In Downtown San Francisco, just one block from the Transamerica pyramid, is the large relict basement of the International Hotel. The lot has stood empty since 1977. In the Western Addition, one and a half miles to the west, there stretched until recently a vast tract of bulldozed basements; many of the former buildings had been rooming houses. While I have worked on this book, these two empty sites have haunted me. Before demolition, both had been commercially developed as single-room housing. Yet both sites—undeveloped land in the middle of a densely built and prosperous city—seem to have been sown with salt. These lots represent important aspects of the American single-room housing crisis: first, the seemingly irrational destruction of millions of private low-rent housing units that are still desperately needed, and second, the near total misunderstanding of life in such places. This book charts the social and cultural history of this residential life and how Americans have arrived at today's hotel housing crisis. For two hundred years, hotels have served a series of domestic roles in urban vernacular environments and subcultures; for at least one hundred years, the keepers of official culture have aimed at eliminating these roles. The hotel housing crisis has resulted from the clash between these two histories. My overarching purpose in this work is to expand the notion of "home" in the United States. I have arrived at this goal slowly. When I began, I was a critic of living in hotels. In 1977, when thousands of demonstrators were protesting the evictions and demolition at the International Hotel, I asked, "Why such a fuss? Why would anyone want to live in a hotel?" Then a 1980 study presented this startling fact: half the hotel rooms in San Francisco were residential, and most were in small thirty-room buildings. "Where were all these hotels?" I asked. "Who were they built for?" In answering these questions, the positive potentials of hotel life became apparent. There are major problems in some hotels, but I am now convinced that where hotels are properly managed and maintained, they deserve a place in the range of American housing. Although this study is chronological, the sections of the book do not follow a single chronological line. In each chapter, the chronology is typically broken and begun again. The outer edges of the years studied are 1800 and 1980, but the greatest historical detail dates from between 1880 and 1930, the period when downtown hotel life was most vigorous. The majority of the remaining residential hotel buildings in the United States date from this period. These fifty years also marked the widest viable range of housing diversity in American urban history. The methods used in this work depend on the conviction that studying the interweaving of buildings and social groups can provide important historical insights. Explaining the tensions between the vernacular and the official, as well as the social and the architectural, has required close study of the physical fabric of ordinary buildings and streets that are rarely photographed or described by experts. In the absence of systematic social surveys or verbal accounts for all types of hotel life, the buildings themselves (or records of those buildings) have been essential documents, and I have studied them with methods borrowed from quantitative social history. To discover what constituted the architectural average of everyday hotel living required a sample of several hundred buildings randomly selected from city directory listings for San Francisco hotels (more precisely, a 12 percent sample of all businesses listed under the categories of hotels, boardinghouses, rooming houses, lodgings, lodging houses, and rooms for the years 1880, 1910, and 1930). Each sampled hotel was then carefully described using data interpolated from Sanborn insurance maps, city tax records, building permit and inspection records, and water company records (which often recorded plans and plumbing fixture lists). This process provided a fairly reliable answer to what types of buildings and locations were in fact most common (table 1, Appendix). Thus, when I refer to a "typical" building—particularly between 1880 and 1930—I can do so with confidence. As with manuscript sources, what is erased often proves to be as culturally telling as what remains. In demolition records (where they survived), the nature of the struggle between the official and the ordinary became most clear. This focus on the ordinary locates Living Downtown as an urban example of cultural landscape studies—where landscape means not scenery or open space but the spatial and cultural relationships between groups of people and their everyday surroundings. As such, this study is also within the overlapping realms of cultural and urban history, architectural history, and human geography. However, the work does not develop a traditional aesthetic history of hotel architecture. Nor does it provide a detailed history of San Francisco or suggest specific policies for the future of hotel living. These aspects have been studied by others cited in the notes. Also, most attention goes not to the elegant palace hotels but to rooming houses and cheap lodging houses, because of their larger populations. Where it is used, the slippery term "center city" refers to the retail and office downtown together with the industrial districts and older residential neighborhoods within reasonable walking radius (one or two miles) from the downtown. I have touched only lightly on hotel labor issues, which are well documented elsewhere, but I place a strong emphasis on employment and property capital as integral aspects of American culture. This study critiques downtown landowners, Progressive Era reformers, architects, and city planning officials, but many of the book's heroes are also from these groups. My targets are not any particular people or profession but narrow thinking and the insidious power of both inadvertent and deliberate ignorance. I hope that Living Downtown will be a point of departure for further study and a step toward preventing more empty sites like those of the International Hotel and the Western Addition. Paul Groth is Professor of Geography and Architecture at the University of California, Berkeley.
Native place, city, and nation: Regional networks and identities in Shanghai, 1853-1937
China, Chine, Shanghai, migration urbaine, histoire urbaine, emotion, émotion, société urbaine, social order, ordre social, identité, Goodman Bryna
Extract from the Introduction: This study explores social practices and rituals related to xxiangyi , also called xiangqing and ziyi , Chinese expressions for the sentiment that binds people from the same native place. This sentiment, and the social institutions which expressed it, profoundly shaped the nature and development of modern Chinese urban society. The two quotations which begin this chapter suggest twin aspects of urban social organization and behavior that correspond to native-place sentiment. The account in the 1907 Shanghai gazetteer describes organization by native place as a necessary, natural, specifically Chinese and indeed "morally excellent" response to the dangers posed by urban admixture and anomie. Daotai Intendment Wu XU's description of the city under his jurisdiction indicates a possible drawback to the "moral excellence" of native-place sentiment, suggesting that, when individuals from different native-place groups mixed together on a city street, they felt no common identity as Chinese. The chapters which follow address these themes—the prominence of native-place sentiment and organization in Chinese cities and the influence of such ideas and social formations on city life, social order and urban and national identity. The study is based on Shanghai and covers nearly a century, from the opening of the city to foreign trade in 1843 to the establishment of Guomindang dominance in the Nanjing decade (1927-37). Throughout this period immigrant groups from other areas of China dominated Shanghai's rapidly expanding urban population, which more than quadrupled in the nineteenth century. Shanghai's population in 1800 was between one-quarter and one-third million. By 1910 it was 1.3 million. It doubled again by 1927, to 2.6 million. Throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, immigrants comprised at least 75 percent of the total figure. Some of these immigrants came to Shanghai to explore economic opportunities; others came in waves to flee war and famine in their native place. Combining forces to meet the imperatives of their new urban surroundings, these immigrants formed native-place associations, huiguan and tongxianghui. Such associations and the sentiments which engendered them were formative elements of Shanghai's urban environment throughout the late Qing and early Republican periods. Social, economic and political organization along lines of regional identity shaped the development of the city. Contents: 1. Introduction: The moral excellence of loving the group 2. Foreign imperialism, immigration and disoder: Opium War aftermath and the Small Sword uprisong of 1853 3. Community, hierarchy and authority: Elites and non-elites in the making of native-place culture during the late Qing 4. Expansive practices: Charity, modern enterprise, the city and the state 5. Native-place associations, foreign authority and early popular nationalism 6. The native place and the nation: Anti-imperialist and republican revolutionary mobilization 7. "Modern spirit," institutional change and the effects of warlord government associations in the early republic 8. The native place and the state: Nationalism, state building and public maneuvering 9. Conclusion: Culture, modernity and the sources of national identity Bryna Goodman is Professor and Director of Asian Studies in the Department of History, University of Oregon.
Red city, blue period: Social movements in Picasso's Barcelona
culture urbaine, Barcelona, Barcelone, histoire urbaine, politique de la ville, participation, mouvement social, femmes, women, gender, genre, conflit urbain, Kaplan Temma
Extract from the introduction: The task I have undertaken in this book is to account for the peculiar sense of solidarity that the citizens of Barcelona developed between 1888 and 1939, and to explain why shared experiences of civic culture and pageantry were sometimes sufficient to galvanize resistance to national authoritarian governments but not always enough to overcome internecine struggles based on class and gender in the city itself. Most of all, I am concerned here with the process by which principles of regional freedom and economic equity developed and changed in a city long known for its commitment to human dignity and artistic achievement. Women occupy a central place in this study of the creation and transformation of civic culture as a forum for political struggle. The grassroots politics in which activist women overwhelmingly participated has often been overlooked in studies of political life in Barcelona at this time. Yet because this study regards streets and cafés as political arenas, women's activities in them and in the movements that emanated from them assume a pivotal position in the arguments that follow. From 1888 to 1939 the politics of region, class, and gender expressed themselves in terms of assorted communal manifestations of Barcelona's civic culture. Festivals and other street gatherings were prominent, providing a means to vent officially repressed aspirations as well as officially sanctioned sentiments. The same festivals or public events could serve divergent purposes at different times. They could express or encourage either local solidarity or internal struggle, celebration or opposition. Thus, civic forms could and did evolve over time, providing a rich and flexible political language that, in turn, gave rise to new strains of thought and new political options. This process both influenced and was reflected in the words of artists like Pablo Picasso, who came of age in Barcelona during this period. Contents: Introduction - The symbolic landscape 1. Resistance and ritual, 1888-1896 2. Popular art and rituals 3. Community celebrations and communal strikes, 1902 4. Women out of control 5. Female consciousness and community struggle, 1910-1918 6. Democratic promises in 1917 7. Urban disorder and cultural resistance, 1919-1930 8. Cultural reactions to the Spanish Republic and the Civil War in Barcelona Epilogue - Cultural resistance in the aftermath Temma Kaplan is Professor of History at Rutgers School of Arts and Sciences.
Agropolis: The social, political, and environmental dimensions of urban agriculture
, agriculture urbaine, pays en développement, gender, genre, Mougeot Luc J. A.
Abstract from the publisher: Urban agriculture is an increasingly popular practice in cities worldwide, and a sustainable future for it is critical, especially for the urban poor of the developing world. This book presents the first findings of original field research projects funded by IDRC’s AGROPOLIS International Graduate Research Awards on Urban Agriculture. Countries studied include Argentina, Botswana, Côte d’Ivoire, Cuba, France, Togo, Tunisia, the UK, and Zimbabwe. Together, these studies examine concrete strategies to better integrate “city farming” into the urban landscape. Contents: Luc J. A. Mougeot - Introduction Bruce Frayne - Survival of the poorest: Migration and food security in Namibia Komla Tallaki - The pest-control system in the market gardens of Lomé, Togo Mody Bakar Barry - Determinants of urban livestock adoption in the 'zone dense' of Khorogo, Côte d'Ivoire: A Tobit approach Stephanie Gabel - Exploring the gender dimensions of urban open-space cultivation in Harare, Zimbabwe Alice Hovorka - Gender, commercial urban agriculture and urban food supply in greater Gaborone, Botswana Adriana Premat - Moving between the plan and the ground: Shifting perspectives on urban agriculture in Havana, Cuba Moez Bouraoui - Agri-urban development from a land-use planning perspective: The Saclay Plateau (France) and the Sijoumi Plain (Tunisia) Arturo Perez-Vasquez, Simon Anderson and Alan W. Rogers - Assessing benefits from allotments as a component of urban agriculture in England Luc J. A. Mougeot - Neglected issues on form and substance of research on urban agriculture Luc J. A. Mougeot is Senior Program Specialist at the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), where he initiated the Cities Feeding People program initiative in 1997.
Earthscan International Development Research Centre (IDRC)
Culture and power in Banaras: Community, performance, and environment, 1800-1980
Banaras, Varanasi, Bénarès, histoire urbaine, identité, community, communauté, politique de la ville, Freitag Sandria B.
Extract from the Preface: Several purposes informed the collaborative work behind this volume. First, it provides a sustained examination, from a variety of viewpoints, of one urban place. Banaras was chosen primarily because it had attracted a sufficient "critical mass" of new scholarship to be especially suggestive... But even though the contributors sketch the outlines of north Indian urban history over the preceeding two centuries, they do not claim that their essays provide a definitive picture. Rather, the essays explore new vistas, either methodologically or topically. Our second purpose, then, was to suggest by these juxtaposed examinations new ways to approach the history of South Asia. The topical implications of such new approaches are discussed in greater detail below; here it will suffice to note that the authors have shared as a focal point the participation of nonelite groups in the developments, events, and political narrative that previously have constituted "history". As a collective effort to expand the methodologies and topics that constitute history, these studies are intended not only for South Asianist scholars, but also for scholars of other cultural regions interested in comparative discussions of what has been called "popular culture", as well as under-graduate students just learning about South Asia... The third purpose in putting together this collection of essays is suggested by the topics included. The authors have shared an interest in looking at everyday activities to see what these could tell us about shared values and motivations, processes of identity formation, and the self-conscious constructions of community that have marked the last century and a half in South Asia. Most of us shared as well a conviction that these elements of everyday life have significance on two levels: taken on their own terms, they identify the important building blocks of South Asian urban culture; and, related to the larger geographical, ecological, and political worlds in which they operate, they provide rational explanations for the actions of the ordinary person in these larger contexts. Sandria B. Freitag teaches visual culture and modern South Asian history in the History Department of North Carolina State University.
Quartiers. Les projets participatifs au coeur de la (politique de la) ville
Gazeau Sébastien, quartiers populaires, projet participatif, habitants, participation, art dans la ville, processus artistique, politique de la ville, rénovation urbaine, développement social
Présentation par les éditeurs : Après plus d’un an d’écriture et d’entretiens à travers la France nous sommes heureux de vous présenter l’ouvrage dédié aux projets participatifs dans les quartiers populaires. Les processus artistiques participatifs ont le vent en poupe, notamment dans les quartiers relevant de la politique de la ville. Sur quoi repose cet engouement ? Comment ces projets prennent-ils part à la transformation des villes ? Quelles manières de vivre ensemble mettent-ils en lumière et, parfois, renouvellent-ils ? En s’appuyant sur le témoignage d’une vingtaine de personnes engagées sur ce terrain (artistes, acteurs associatifs et institutionnels, chercheurs, citoyens etc.), cet ouvrage interroge les rapprochements féconds – et nécessaires – qui existent entre la culture et la politique de la ville. Cette publication permet de valoriser des expériences culturelles et artistiques qui impliquent, dans leur processus, des habitants et qui, à ce titre, jouent un rôle important dans le développement (social) des quartiers relevant de la politique de la ville (PV). Afin de montrer la dimension partenariale et transversale de ces expériences, il s’agira, après une première partie historique et critique, de donner la parole à un ensemble de personnes qui prennent part à la mise en œuvre de ces expériences. À travers ces témoignages, on trouvera un certain nombre de pistes de réflexions ou de préconisations adressées aux acteurs de la Politique de la Ville. Lire la suite Écriture : Sébastien Gazeau Coordination : ARTfactories/Autre(s)pARTs Version papier disponible gratuitement sur demande
The imagination of class: Masculinity and the Victorian urban poor
classe, pauvreté, masculinité, masculinity, hommes, men, Victorian, nineteenth century, dix-neuvième siècle, United Kingdom, Royaume-Uni, London, Londres, literature, littérature, histoire urbaine, représentations, Bivona Daniel, Hinkle Roger B.
Extract from the Introduction: The poor were always with the English. Poverty had been of broad social concern since the Elizabethan period at least: the topic of ongoing debate, periodic legislation, sporadic philanthropy. But the London poor of the nineteenth century - particularly from the 1840s on - seemed to present a different phenomenon. The spectacle of poverty and associated degradation in Central and East London, and later in South London, gave rise to a new set of imaginative and cultural representations. It developed from and in turn created new relationships between an ascending urban middle class and the worst victims of the metropolis. Poverty became, as Gertrude Himmelfarb notes, "a cultural rather than an economic condition" (Idea of Poverty 366). The character of the London poor broke into the public consciousness as if it were a discovery, which was "at once painful and alarming" in the words of one observer, and the "sense of novelty did not seem to disappear till the 1890's" (Victorian City 1:18). New terms, such as "slum," entered the vocabulary, and from the Victorian period on, almost as one conceived of the big city, one conceived at the same time of a festering, teeming, sullen nether world within it. The state of London's poor came to exercise a strong imagistic influence, shaping the discourses of journalism, social work, government activity, and high culture. The late Roger B. Henkle was Professor of English and Modern Culture and Media at Brown University. Daniel Bivona is Associate Professor of English at Arizona State University.
Space for urban alternatives? Christiania 1971-2011
Christiania, squat, community, communauté, démocratie participative, droit à la ville, urbanité, droit, mouvement social, aménagement urbain, utopie, Thörn Håkan, Wasshede Cathrin, Nilson Tomas
Abstract from the publisher: In 1971, a group of young people broke into a closed down military area in Copenhagen. It was located not more than a mile from the Royal Danish Palace and the Danish parliament. Soon, the media published images and reports from the proclamation of the Freetown Christiania, and people travelled from all over Europe to be part of the foundation of a new community. A 'Christiania Act' passed by a broad parliamentary majority in 1989 legalised the squat and made it possible to grant Christiania the rigth to collective use of the area. However, this was reversed under the Liberal-Conservative government in 2004 when the parliament decided on changes in the 1989 Christiania law. The Freetown has refused to give up its claims on the property so it remains highly contested. Around 900 people live in Christiania today. It is governed through a decentralised democratic structure, whose autonomy is strongly contingent on the Freetown's external relations with the Danish government, the Copenhagen Municipality, the Copenhagen Police and to the organised crime in connection with the cannabis trade. This book brings together ten researchers from various disciplines; Sociology, Anthropology, History, Geography, Art, Urban planning, Landscape architecture and Political science to bring thier own reflections on the unique community that is Christiania. In the introductory chapter, the editors provide an overview of the research that has been done on the settlement from the early 1970s to the 2000s. Contents: Håkan Thörn, Cathrin Wasshede and Tomas Nilson - Introduction: From 'social experiment' to 'urban alternative' - 40 years of research on the Freetown René Karpantschof - Bargaining and barricades - the political struggle over the Freetown Christiania 1971-2011 Håkan Thörn - Governing freedom - debating Christiania in the Danish Parliament Signe Sophie Bøggild - Happy ever after? The welfare city in between the Freetown and the New Town Maria Hellström Reimer - The Hansen family and the micro-physics of the everyday Helen Jarvis - Alternative visions of home and family life in Christiania: Lessons for the mainstream Cathrin Wasshede - Bøssehuset - queer perspectives in Christiania Tomas Nilson - 'Weeds and deeds' - images and counter images of Christiania and drugs Christa Simone Amouroux - Normalisation within Christiania Amy Starecheski - Consensus and strategy: Narratives of naysaying and yeasaying in Christiania's struggles over legislation Anders Lund Hansen - Christiania and the right to the city Håkan Thörn is Professor at the Department of sociology, University of Gothenburg. Cathrin Wasshede holds a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Gothenburg. Her research interests are gender and sexuality, resistance and social movements. Tomas Nilson has a Ph.D. in history from Gothenburg University. He is currently working on the research project ‘The inner city as public sphere: Urban transformation, social order and social movement’.
Towards undivided cities in Western Europe: New challenges for urban policy. 7: Comparative analysis
conomie, politique urbaine, politique du logement, ségrégation urbaine, ségrégation résidentielle, logement, logement social, mixité sociale, Priemus H., Musterd Sako, Kempen R. van, Europe
See also the other books in this series: Part 1: The Hague (not available online) Part 2: Barcelona Part 3: Birmingham Part 4: Brussels Part 5: Frankfurt Part 6: Lille
Towards undivided cities in Western Europe: New challenges for urban policy. Part 6: Lille
conomie, politique urbaine, politique du logement, ségrégation urbaine, ségrégation résidentielle, logement, logement social, mixité sociale, Lille, Kruthoff H. M., Baart B.
See also the other books in this series: Part 1: The Hague (not available online) Part 2: Barcelona Part 3: Birmingham Part 4: Brussels Part 5: Frankfurt Part 7: Comparative analysis