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                <text>Mele, Patrice</text>
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                <text>Les situations dans lesquelles des résidents s'opposent à l'implantation d'un équipement ou se mobilisent contre les nuisances liées à certaines activités sont souvent considérées comme des manifestions d'un « syndrome Nimby ». Le succès de l'acronyme et son apparence de diagnostic, révélant la diffusion d'une tendance sociétale déjà bien installée aux États-Unis, ont souvent masqué la complexité de ces processus d'action collective.</text>
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                <text>Territoires, ADELS,</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>Conflits</text>
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                <text>territoire</text>
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                <text>Conflits locaux : de nouvelles scènes de production territoriale ?</text>
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                <text>Bouzouina, Louafi</text>
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                <text>2007</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>L'objectif de cet article est d'aborder la question de la pauvreté par sa dimension spatiale. À travers une comparaison de trois aires urbaines de formes différentes, à savoir Lyon, Lille et Marseille, nous montrons, d'abord à l'échelle communale, que les lieux de concentration des populations modestes sont très stables dans le temps. À l'échelle fine du quartier, nous mettons en évidence des espaces de polarisation des populations selon leurs revenus, sur les trois villes et l'existence de zones de mixité souvent centrales. Les résultats convergent vers une concentration des populations modestes plus importante dans les villes polycentriques de Marseille et Lille interrogeant la capacité de la centralité à réduire la ségrégation de la ville.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00266283</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/26/62/83/PDF/LB-Concentration_spatiale_pauvrete-V2.pdf</text>
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                <text>Pensée Plurielle</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economy and finances</text>
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                <text>pauvreté</text>
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                <text>revenus fiscaux</text>
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                <text>forme urbaine</text>
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                <text>Concentrations spatiales des populations à faible revenu, entre polarisation et mixité. Une analyse de trois grandes aires urbaines françaises</text>
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                <text>Poupeau, François-Mathieu</text>
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                <text>2008-09</text>
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                <text>Parmi les instruments dont disposent les villes désireuses de mener des politiques énergétiques, il en est un, assez marginal et méconnu, dont l'importance est pourtant loin d'être négligeable dans certains territoires : les entreprises locales d'énergie (ELE). Survivance du début du vingtième siècle et des expériences de municipalisme, ces opérateurs – des régies, des sociétés d'économie mixte, des formes de coopératives - continuent de jouer un rôle structurant dans un certain nombre de communes, en assurant pour elles, en lieu et place d'EDF et de Gaz de France, la fourniture d'électricité et de gaz voire d'autres services comme la distribution de chaleur ou les hauts débits. A Strasbourg, Bordeaux, Grenoble, Metz, Colmar ou Dreux, pour ne citer que les villes les plus importantes, ces opérateurs alternatifs sont souvent présentés comme des outils précieux au service des élus et des acteurs du monde local, de par leur ancrage territorial qui les distingue des autres énergéticiens dont les liens avec les villes sont beaucoup plus ténus.&lt;br /&gt;Après avoir dressé un bref panorama des stratégies adoptées par les ELE pour faire face aux menaces qui pèsent sur elles, cet article montre les recompositions qui ont cours entre ces acteurs et certaines villes françaises.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00309047</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/30/90/47/PDF/article_annales_de_la_recherche_urbaine.pdf</text>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Annales de la Recherche Urbaine</text>
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                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
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                <text>Entreprises locales d'énergie</text>
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                <text>régies</text>
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                <text>énergie</text>
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                <text>collectivités locales</text>
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                <text>libéralisation</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Les entreprises locales d'énergie : la fin d'un levier d'action pour les villes françaises ?</text>
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                <text>Bocquet, Denis</text>
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                <text>2007</text>
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                <text>Un compte-rendu critique de l'ouvrage de Brice Gruet, paru dans la revue Flux.&lt;br /&gt;(...) Ce livre a en effet une thèse, que l'histoire et la géographie viennent étayer : notre conception de la rue est plus compliquée que la somme des héritages de l'urbanisme antique, médiéval, renaissant, moderne et contemporain. D'autres dimensions sont à prendre en compte: relativisation de la consistance des modèles, force et inventivité des usages sociaux, distorsions des interprétations. Le fil directeur est aussi celui du rêve planificateur dans son rapport à la rue, de ses fondements philosophiques, théoriques et pratiques, mais aussi de ses lubies et de ses limites. La construction du livre est rigoureuse, et balise le parcours d'une exploration systématique de l'articulation entre la forme de la ville et la société qui l'anime. L'objet est également d'affronter la force mythique des fondations, refondations et refontes, pour proposer une discussion raisonnée des processus de transformation urbaine, entre inertie, interprétation et invention. Il faut dire&lt;br /&gt;que Rome se prête à l'exercice (...)</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522268">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00128357</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522269">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/12/83/57/PDF/BOCQUET_CR_DE_GRUET.pdf</text>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>Flux</text>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>Rome</text>
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                <text>urbanisme</text>
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                <text>town-planning</text>
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                <text>Roma</text>
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                <text>histoire</text>
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                <text>Vitruve</text>
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                <text>Cicéron</text>
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                <text>Crypta Balbi</text>
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                <text>Sixte Quint</text>
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                <text>Mussolini</text>
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                <text>Cet article est consacré à une discussion de la place de l'histoire dans l'analyse en terme de sciences sociales des réseaux d'infrastructures urbaines (eau, gas, électricité, transports). S'appuyant sur un panorama historiographique international, il démontre à la fois l'importance de la discipline historique dans la mise en place des paradigmes actuels dans la lecture des réseaux, et le besoin d'un renouvellement autour de nouveaux enjeux.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This paper presents a panorama of past and present research on networked infrastructures of urban utilities, focusing both on the heritage of a whole generation of researchers and on the new stakes that research is now facing, from the building of theory about the governance of large technical systems to the inclusion of networks into debates on the notion of political economy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Key words: network; history; netzwerk; reti; utilities; urban; urbain; ville; city; town; planning; infrastructure; Hughes; Melosi; Tarr; Dupuy; Coutard; Saunier; Knaebel; Nye; Chicago; London; Berlin; Rome; sustainable development; transport; water; gas; power; Lorrain; Barjot; Barles; Bijker; Chatzis; Jacobson; Graham; Marvin; splintering; Caron; Melis; Rodgers</text>
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                <text>This paper provides a series of conclusions derived from a Special issue of Built Environment on the Polycentric Metropolis in Europe. Based on the results of the European POLYNET research program, the authors discuss the reality and forms of Mega-City-Regions in Europe before critically addressing some pressing issues related to city-regions development. The paper concludes on polycentricity as a fuzzy paradigm that needs to be more critically discussed.</text>
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                <text>Built Environment</text>
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                <text>ISSN:0263-7960</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522170">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522171">
                <text>Polycentricity</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522172">
                <text>Mega City-Regions</text>
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                <text>Europe</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522174">
                <text>Development</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>European Polycentricity and emerging Mega-City-Regions – "one size fits all" policy?</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                </elementText>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Halbert, Ludovic</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>This paper highlights how, in the Paris metropolitan region's case, two polycentric spatial planning policies at national and regional levels incidentally prevented the development of a polycentric Mega-City-Region. The national policy aiming to reduce economic imbalances in the French territory has failed to promote a coherent Bassin Parisien system. At the same time, polycentric planning within the Paris-Ile-de-France region restricted the economic and urban growth to the adjacent new towns. This resulted in the reinforcement of the Paris agglomeration, thus limiting further integration of surrounding FURs in a polycentric Mega-City-Region that never existed.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00125909</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522149">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/12/59/09/PDF/Halbert_2006_Built_Environment_Paris.pdf</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>ENG</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522151">
                <text>Built Environment</text>
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                <text>ISSN:0263-7960</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522153">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Paris metropolitan region</text>
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                <text>polycentricity</text>
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                <text>spatial planning</text>
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                <text>competing scales</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>The Polycentric City Region That Never Was.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Paris</text>
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                <text>France</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Offner, Jean-Marc</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Parangons de la modernisation publique, les réformes répétées de la carte des territoires politico-administratifs s'alimentent d'arguments sans cesse renouvelés. Ces remembrements institutionnels sont néanmoins structurellement condamnés à l'échec car ils poursuivent des objectifs ambivalents voire antagonistes, comme le soulignent les analyses convergentes de politistes et de géographes. Pour autant, ces jeux sur les découpages et les limites, réels ou virtuels, favorisent l'action publique locale. L'utopie de la cohérence permet, paradoxalement, de créer les instabilités, les désynchronisations, les tensions, susceptibles de donner des raisons et des moyens d'agir et de décider.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00084369</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/08/43/69/PDF/jmoRFSP.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522132">
                <text>Revue Française de Science Politique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522133">
                <text>Revue française de science politique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522134">
                <text>Revue française de science politique</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522135">
                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522136">
                <text>[SHS:SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522137">
                <text>Action publique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522138">
                <text>institution locale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522139">
                <text>concept de territoire</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>décision publique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522141">
                <text>réforme institutionnelle</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522142">
                <text>France</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522143">
                <text>Les territoires de l'action publique locale.&lt;br /&gt;Fausses pertinences et jeux d'écarts</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522144">
                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>HAL</text>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Bocquet, Denis</text>
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                <text>De Pieri, Filippo</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2005</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522102">
                <text>Quest'articolo si presenta come l'introduzione teorica al numero speciale di storia urbana sulle norme urbane di cui abbiamo curato la pubblicazione. Propone sia un panorama storiografico che piste di ricerca sul tema.&lt;br /&gt;This paper is the introduction of the guest editors to the special issue of Storia Urban on urban norms. We try and propose a historiographical panorama on cities, rules, norms and regulations and some possible research impulses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Table des matières du volume:&lt;br /&gt;Table of contents of the issue:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Storia urbana, 107 (2005) -&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La regola e la trasgressione: Parigi, Londra, Madrid, Lisbona, Milano, Beirut, Delhi, Toronto, Melbourne -&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SAGGI&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Denis Bocquet, Filippo De Pieri : Tra regole e violazioni: percorsi di ricerca (Urban Norms: a critical perspective) - &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Richard Dennis : La regolamentazione degli edifici per appartamenti a Toronto e Londra: una preistoria (The pre-history of building rules in London and Toronto) -&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Charlotte Vorms : La pratica e la regola. Gestione e controllo pubblico dell'urbanizzazione non pianificata nella periferia di Madrid (1860-1931) (The un-planned periphery of Madrid) -&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Andrew Brown-May : «I cittadini stanno iniziando a lamentarsi». Saperi municipali e contrattazioni intorno ai comportamenti pubblici molesti a Melbourne (Municipal knowledge and public behaviour in Melbourne) - &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Maria Alexandre Lousada : Una nuova grammatica per lo spazio urbano. La polizia e la città a Lisbona, 1760-1833 (Policing Lisbon) - &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Robert Carvais : L'apocalisse urbana. La Parigi di ancien régime attraverso i verbali della Police du bâtiment (The role of the guilds in the policing of the building sector in old regime Paris) - &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prabodh G. Dhar Chakrabarti : Le due città. Il rapporto tra città formale e città informale a Delhi, 1960-2000 (The relationship between formal and informal in Delhi) - &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mona Fawaz : La costruzione di un sobborgo informale: imprenditori e stato a Hayy el Sellom, Beirut, 1950-2000 (Formal and informal building in southern Beirut) - &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;John Foot : Dentro la città irregolare. Una rivisitazione delle coree milanesi, 1950-2000 (Self construction in the periphery of Milan) - &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;urban norms; rules; normes urbaines; règles; régulation; hayden; salzano; insolera; scamuzzi; clementi; perego; bass warner; sadler; mayne; olmo; murray; polanyi; ward, illegal; habitat; bidonville; précaire; spontané; unruly</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/12/87/15/PDF/Bocquet-DePieri-Intro-Storia-Urbana.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Storia Urbana</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Città</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522109">
                <text>storia urbana</text>
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                <text>norme</text>
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                <text>regole</text>
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                <text>Parigi</text>
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                <text>Delhi</text>
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                <text>Toronto</text>
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                <text>Melbourne</text>
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                <text>abusivismo</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Tra regole e violazioni: percorsi di ricerca</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2005</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Cet article analyse le rôle joué par les villes nouvelles franciliennes dans les processus de desserrement des emplois d'intermédiation dans la région métropolitaine parisienne.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00125216</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/12/52/16/PDF/ARU.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522089">
                <text>Annales de la Recherche Urbaine</text>
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          </element>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522091">
                <text>villes nouvelles</text>
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                <text>intermédiation</text>
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                <text>desserrement</text>
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                <text>polarisation</text>
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                <text>bassins&lt;br /&gt;de recrutement</text>
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                <text>division spatiale des taches</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522097">
                <text>Les villes nouvelles franciliennes et la polarisation du desserrement des activités d'intermédiation</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>HAL</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Halbert, Ludovic</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522069">
                <text>Cet article interroge la relation entre dynamiques économiques et métropolisation. Il s'agit pour nous de mesurer le rôle des principales régions métropolitaines sur la transformation du système productif urbain français. Nous insistons tout d'abord sur la nécessité méthodologique de dépasser une approche simplement sectorielle grâce à la lecture fonctionnelle permise par l'usage des outils réactualisés de l'équipe Strates. Nous montrons alors à partir de la qualification des profils économiques des Aires Urbaines françaises, l'intensité des transformations du système productif. Au-delà de la tertiarisation des économies, l'essor des fonctions collectives et la dématérialisation des métiers de la production s'imposent. Dans ce contexte de refonte durable du système productif, nous soulignons le rôle moteur des principales métropoles françaises. Ces dernières témoignent d'une capacité à amplifier les dynamiques, approfondissant le déclin des fonctions d'exécution et accélérant la croissance des métiers de la Production Immatérielle.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00125211</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522071">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/12/52/11/PDF/Metropoles_BAGF.pdf</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522073">
                <text>Bulletin de l'Association de Géographes Français</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522074">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522075">
                <text>Métropolisation</text>
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                <text>système productif</text>
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                <text>désindustrialisation</text>
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                <text>tertiairisation</text>
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                <text>dématérialisation</text>
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                <text>rôle moteur</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522081">
                <text>Les métropoles, moteurs de la dématérialisation du système productif urbain français : une lecture sectorielle et fonctionnelle (1982 à 1999).</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522052">
                <text>Jaglin, Sylvy</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2005-12</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Dans le « modèle » municipal sud-africain, l'exploitation des services techniques (électricité, eau et assainissement, déchets) est le plus souvent assurée par des régies publiques multi-services dont les collectivités locales tirent des revenus substantiels. Ce modèle est cependant soumis à de fortes turbulences, provoquées par la réforme des pouvoirs locaux et, dans les six villes principales, par la création de Unicities en décembre 2000. Issues de la fusion (amalgamation) d'anciennes administrations locales dans les espaces urbanisés métropolitains, elles ont été dotées d'un gouvernement élu au suffrage universel.&lt;br /&gt;En analysant ensemble le processus d'amalgamation métropolitain et les mutations des services techniques municipaux (eau, électricité, déchets), l'objet de l'article est d'analyser comment, à l'échelle de la métropole du Cap (3,2 millions d'habitants), ces réformes partiellement concomitantes s'articulent en pesant sur leurs devenirs réciproques. Nous montrons dans une première partie que la construction métropolitaine institutionnelle a d'abord parié sur le maintien du modèle municipal antérieur en dépit du changement d'échelle puis, dans la seconde partie, qu'émerge aujourd'hui un nouveau modèle de gouvernement local, à la fois moins directement impliqué dans la production des services et plus directement responsable des questions sociales.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522055">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00177568</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522056">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/17/75/68/PDF/Jaglin_ARU_2005.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522057">
                <text>FRE</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522058">
                <text>Annales de la Recherche Urbaine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522059">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522060">
                <text>Services en réseaux</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522061">
                <text>gestion municipale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522062">
                <text>gouvernement urbain</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522063">
                <text>équité</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522064">
                <text>Afrique du Sud</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522065">
                <text>Métropolisation institutionnelle et services urbains au Cap: l'équité en question</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522066">
                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>HAL</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Bocquet, Denis</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522024">
                <text>2004</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522025">
                <text>Rome is an exception among European capital cities: the thousand-year-old capital of the Pope's State only became the capital of the Italian national kingdom in 1870 and then grew rapidly. The Eternal City benefited from the infrastructure of the Roman Empire, modernized under the last ruling Popes.&lt;br /&gt;Supplying water was not a major technical problem. After 1870, the municipality became a political refuge for Catholics against the Italian central government, seen as sacrilegious for having stolen the city from the Pope. Public service firms were also in the hands&lt;br /&gt;of Catholics, who opposed Italian national projects for the new capital. In this paper, I follow the evolution of the relationships among the water supply firm, the urban space, and the local society during decades of struggle for control of public services. In a fast-growing city, with new settlements built year after year, financial, spatial, technical, and social choices were made in response to different stakes: financial profit, political profit, and administrative advantage against a rival administration. There were three major phases in the process expanding the provision of water: first, a private company was in charge; second, local authorities promoted a municipal company against the private company monopoly; and third, debates about municipalization.&lt;br /&gt;What was unique in Rome among European capital cities was the way in which different companies were operating in an unequal way. For very specific political, historical, economical, and&lt;br /&gt;institutional reasons, in Rome the public company was the challenger, giving historians an unsual situation to study.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00138752</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522027">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/13/87/52/PDF/BocquetWaterRome1865-1964BEHOnline.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522028">
                <text>ENG</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522029">
                <text>Business and Economic History Online</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>Rome</text>
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                <text>water</text>
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                <text>municipal</text>
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                <text>utilities</text>
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                <text>history</text>
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                <text>privatization</text>
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                <text>public service</text>
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                <text>acqua Pia</text>
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                <text>A Public Company as a Challenger to a Private Monopoly: Providing Water to the Eternal City, 1865-1964</text>
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                <text>Halbert, Ludovic</text>
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                <text>2004</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522009">
                <text>What is the importance of business services decentralization in a Parisian metropolitan region known for its inherited monocentricity? Using revised statistical and cartographic methodological tools, I try to answer two debates: Is the new Parisian metropolitan economic geography one of dispersal or of polycentricity? Does decentralization mean the decline or the reinforcement of the economic core? &lt;br /&gt;If secondary suburban economic centers benefit from business services decentralization trends, Paris City's neighboring spaces such as the Inner western suburbs of La Défense and Boulogne-Billancourt are affected too. This paper intends to demonstrate that polycentricity is not opposite to the constitution of a new golden triangle within the dense part of the agglomeration. This means both that economic centrality still matters (thus questioning that dispersed cities is the twenty-first century's metropolitan archetype), and that an enlarged CBD (Core Business District) straddling Paris and the western Hauts-de-Seine département, is being reinforced (thus invalidating CBD decline theory). Thanks to the widening of the business district from Paris to La Défense, the labor market remains an integrated one; meanwhile, secondary economic centers in the Outer Suburbs tend to create fragmented sub-regional labor markets of their own.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522010">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00277943</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522011">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/27/79/43/PDF/Halbert_2004_Economic_Geography_Paris.pdf</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522012">
                <text>ENG</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522013">
                <text>Economic Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522014">
                <text>ISSN:0013-0095</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522015">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522016">
                <text>business services</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522017">
                <text>economic decentralization</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522018">
                <text>polycentricity</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522019">
                <text>spatial differentiation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522020">
                <text>labor market sub-fragmentation</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522021">
                <text>The polycentric city-region that never was: &lt;br /&gt;Paris agglomeration, Bassin parisien &lt;br /&gt;and spatial planning strategies in France</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="521974">
                <text>Bocquet, Denis</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="521976">
                <text>Une lecture spatiale des étapes de la montée en souveraineté des administrations italiennes dans la capitale conquise en 1870 au travers des mémoires du commissaire Manfroni. Des hésitations initiales à passer le Tibre aux ambiguités du statut territorial du Château Saint Ange, de la place Saint Pierre et de la Basilique Saint Pierre. La démonstration du fait que la souveraineté est plus compliquée que ce que dit le droit (déjà l'objet de décennies d'incertitudes) et qu'il convient d'en avoir une vision dynamique.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A reading of the ambiguities of the steps of the Italian administration into seized Rome in 1870. Ambiguities on the status of the right shore of the Tiber River, of the Borgo quarter, of the Saint Peter Place and Basilica. An invitation to read sovereignty through a more complex lens than common wisdoms might suggest.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="521977">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00128708</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="521978">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/12/87/08/PDF/BocquetMEFRIMPolice.pdf</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="521979">
                <text>FRE</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="521980">
                <text>Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome Italie et Méditerranée</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="521981">
                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521982">
                <text>Rome</text>
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                <text>Vatican</text>
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                <text>1870</text>
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                <text>Manfroni</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521986">
                <text>Police</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="521987">
                <text>Armée</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Tibre</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Saint-Pierre</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Basilique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="521991">
                <text>Place</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="521992">
                <text>conciliation</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Borgo</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="521994">
                <text>Pie IX</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="521995">
                <text>catholicisme</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="521996">
                <text>catholique</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521997">
                <text>Italie</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521998">
                <text>politique</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521999">
                <text>Italy</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>monarchie</text>
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                <text>urbain</text>
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                <text>ville</text>
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                <text>city</text>
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                <text>urban</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522005">
                <text>Circonscriptions de police et souveraineté territoriale : les premières semaines de Rome capitale dans les mémoires du commissaire Manfroni</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522006">
                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521940">
                <text>Bocquet, Denis</text>
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                <text>Lafi, Nora</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521942">
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="521943">
                <text>The object of this paper is an analysis of the issue of town planning during the first years of the Italian occupation of Libya. Based upon the archives of the presidency of the council of ministers in Rome and on local archives in Tripoli, the authors trace the rivalries between army engineers, civil engineers and the former ottoman municipality in the drawing of the first colonial masterplan of Tripoli.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521944">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00128240</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521945">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/12/82/40/PDF/lafi-bocquet_local_elites.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="521946">
                <text>ENG</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="521947">
                <text>Journal of Libyan Studies</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="521948">
                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521949">
                <text>Libya</text>
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                <text>Tripoli</text>
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                <text>Town planning</text>
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                <text>local government</text>
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                <text>colonisation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521954">
                <text>colonization</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521955">
                <text>Luigi Luiggi</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521956">
                <text>1911</text>
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                <text>Giolitti</text>
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                <text>engineer</text>
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                <text>municipal institutions</text>
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                <text>ottoman empire</text>
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                <text>public works</text>
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                <text>urban</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521963">
                <text>infrastructure</text>
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                <text>tanzimat</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521965">
                <text>Maghreb</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="521966">
                <text>North-Africa</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="521967">
                <text>Middle-East</text>
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                <text>municipal</text>
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                <text>Libye</text>
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                <text>Algérie</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521971">
                <text>urbanisme</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="521972">
                <text>Local Elites and Italian Town Planning Procedures in Early Colonial Tripoli (1911-1912)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521901">
                <text>Bocquet, Denis</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521903">
                <text>Cet article présente l'histoire de l'archéologie à Rome à partir de 1870 sous l'angle d'une lecture urbaine et spatiale: les conflits entre la municipalité et l'Etat autour du contrôle des chantiers de fouilles et de la planification de la zone archéologique. Il est montré combien cet enjeu est lié à la planification de la capitale en général. L'archéologie, et le dessin de la zone archéologique centrale, ont été pour les services de l'Etat un moyen de planifier la capitale hors des procédures du plan régulateur controllées par une mairie souvent hostile politiquement. Bien avant le fascisme donc, l'archéologie a été à Rome le support d'un discours national.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Archeology in Rome under the light of the conflicts between the local municipality and the State. The archeological zone as a creation of the State to plan its own capital city outside of the municipal procedures of the piano regolatore. Long before fascism, archeology as part of the national narratives in Rome.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00129556</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521905">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/12/95/56/PDF/BocquetArcheoRome.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="521906">
                <text>FRE</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521907">
                <text>MEFRIM (Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome. Italie et Méditerranée)</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>Rome</text>
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                <text>Italie</text>
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                <text>archéologie</text>
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                <text>Baccelli</text>
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                <text>Italy</text>
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                <text>archeology</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="521921">
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