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Sudhir Venkatesh, acclaimed sociologist at Columbia University and author of Gang Leader for a Day, returns to the streets to connect the dots of New York’s divergent economic worlds and crack the code of the city’s underground economy. Based on Venkatesh’s interviews with prostitutes and socialites, immigrants and academics, high end drug bosses and street-level dealers, Floating City exposes the underground as the city’s true engine of social transformation and economic prosperity—revealing a wholly unprecedented vision of New York.&#13;
&#13;
A memoir of sociological investigation, Floating City draws from Venkatesh’s decade of research within the affluent communities of Upper East Side socialites and Midtown businessmen, the drug gangs of Harlem and the sex workers of Brooklyn, the artists of Tribeca and the escort services of Hell’s Kitchen. Venkatesh arrived in the city after his groundbreaking research in Chicago, where crime remained stubbornly local: gangs stuck to their housing projects and criminals stayed on their corners. But in Floating City, Venkatesh discovers that New York’s underground economy unites instead of divides inhabitants: a vast network of “off the books” transactions linking the high and low worlds of the city. Venkatesh shows how dealing in drugs and sex and undocumented labor bridges the conventional divides between rich and poor, unmasking a city knit together by the invisible threads of the underground economy.&#13;
&#13;
Planting himself squarely within this unexplored world, Venkatesh closely follows a dozen New Yorkers locked in the underground economy. Bangledeshi shop clerks like Manjun and Santosh navigate immense networks of illegal goods and services, connecting inquisitive tourists with sex workers and drug dealers. Hispanic prostitutes like Angela and Carla feel secure enough in the new city to leave their old neighborhoods behind in pursuit of bigger money, yet abandon all the safety they had when their clients were known locals. Rich uptown women like Analise and Brittany have the changing city at their beck and call, but both turn to sex work as an easy way to make ends meet without relying on their family fortunes. Venkatesh’s greatest guide is Shine, an African American drug boss based in Harlem who hopes to break into the elusive, upscale cocaine market. Without connections among wealthy whites, Shine undertakes an audacious campaign of self-reinvention, leaving behind the certainties of race and class with all the drive of the greatest entrepreneurs. As Shine explains to Venkatesh, “This is New York! We’re like hummingbirds, man. We go flower to flower. . . . Here, you need to float.”&#13;
&#13;
Floating City: A Rogue Sociologist Lost and Found in New York’s Underground Economy chronicles Venkatesh’s decade of discovery and loss in the shifting terrain of New York, where research subjects might disappear suddenly and new allies emerge by chance, where close friends might reveal themselves to be criminals of the lowest order. Propelled by Venkatesh’s numerous interviews and firsthand research, Floating City at its heart is a story of one man struggling to understand a complex global city constantly in the throes of becoming. &#13;
&#13;
Sudhir Venkatesh is professor of sociology and African American studies at Columbia University. His writings, stories, and documentaries have appeared in The American Prospect, and on PBS and National Public Radio’s This American Life.</text>
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                <text>Pendant longtemps marginalisée au sein des critères de choix résidentiels, la qualité de l’environnement s’affirme aujourd’hui dans les sondages d’opinion comme un nouveau facteur d’arbitrage pour les ménages. Dans un contexte de sensibilité croissante des ménages à la qualité de vie et de territorialisation de l’action publique notamment en matière d’environnement, la mesure précise de l’impact des aménités environnementales devient une question cruciale pour les acteurs territoriaux, notamment en milieu urbain. Cet article vise à alimenter la réflexion sur la valorisation des facteurs environnementaux de proximité par l’analyse des préférences résidentielles, des usages, perceptions et représentations que les ménages développent à leur contact en s’appuyant précisément sur un travail de recherche exploratoire dédié à un attribut environnemental spécifique, caractéristique des milieux urbains : les espaces verts.  </text>
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                <text>According to opinions pools, environmental quality appears nowadays as a deciding factor in residential choices wheareas it has been marginalized for a long time. In this background of households growing sensitivity for life quality and changes in public action in particular concerning environment, the precise measurement of environmental amenities is now a crucial issue for local decidors, specially in urban areas. The purpose of this paper is to feed reflection about valorisation of environmental factors of proximity by an analyse of residential preferences, uses, perceptions and representations developped by houselhold to them contact. We will develop this subject, basing ourselves on a exploratory research work focused on a particular environmental factor, which is characteristic of urban areas: green spaces.  </text>
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                <text>L’accès à l’eau est une priorité des politiques urbaines conduites dans les pays en développement. Ces politiques ont oscillé entre la volonté de généraliser l’accès aux réseaux afin de contrôler l’espace urbain et une segmentation de l’offre afin de cibler différemment les diverses catégories de la population. Quel est alors l’impact, au niveau spatial, des choix opérés dans ce domaine dans les métropoles d’Afrique Sub-saharienne francophone ? Nous articulerons des approches ciblées sur la compréhension des stratégies d’acteurs aux logiques parfois opposées, avec des analyses spatiales permettant de décoder la complexité de la structuration des espaces urbains.  Nous repérerons trois phases caractérisées par une articulation originale entre les modes de gouvernance de l’eau retenus et la structuration des espaces urbains. Dans un premier temps, on constate une dualisation de l’espace urbain renforcée par un accès segmenté aux services. Puis, dans un deuxième temps, nous montrerons comment les préconisations faites dans le cadre de la Décennie Internationale de l’Eau Potable et de l’Assainissement des années 1980 correspondaient à une volonté d’homogénéisation de l’espace urbain. Enfin, dans un troisième temps, nous évaluerons l’impact de modèles tels que le partenariat public-privé dans les processus de fragmentation urbaine qui caractérisent ces mégalopoles d’Afrique Sub-saharienne francophone à la période contemporaine. </text>
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                <text>Access to water is one of the major challenges of urban policies implemented in developing countries. These policies aimed either to provide a global access in order to control urban spaces or to segment water supply to offer different services and features to comply with the diversity of actors. What is therefore the impact, in terms of spatial dimension, of different strategies followed by French speaking Sub-Saharan African cities ? In this paper, we combine approaches that explain conflicting actors' strategies with spatial analysis that explain the complexity of urban space organization. We outline three phases characterised by an original articulation among water governance modes and urban space organization. As a first step, we note that the trend towards dual urban organisation is reinforced by a segmented access to services. As a second step, we show how the measures advocated within the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade of the eighties corresponded to the will to homogenise cities. As a third step, we assess the impact of models such as the private/public partnership model in the process of urban fragmentation which is currently the case of most French speaking Sub-Saharan cities. </text>
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                <text>Mutations institutionnelles et recompositions des territoires urbains en Afrique : une analyse à travers la problématique de l’accès à l’eau</text>
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                  <text>Développement durable et territoires</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="577139">
                <text>Garat, Isabelle</text>
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                <text>Gravari-Barbas, Maria</text>
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                <text>Veschambre, Vincent</text>
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                <text>2008-03-03</text>
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                <text>A première vue patrimoine et développement durable, qui font aujourd’hui consensus, participent de la même logique : il s’agit de mieux articuler le temps présent des sociétés, à leur passé et leur avenir, dans une logique de transmission et de solidarité intergénérationnelle. Une étude croisée de deux villes de l’Ouest, Angers et Nantes, confrontées à une forte pression foncière dans un contexte de croissance démographique, nous montre que faire converger préoccupations patrimoniales et objectifs du développement durable ne va pourtant pas de soi. Envisagé à cette échelle avant tout sous l’angle de la densification urbaine, le développement durable peut en effet être mis en avant pour justifier certaines démolitions. Les deux notions de patrimoine et de développement durable apparaissent cependant plus en phase à travers les projets urbains nantais que dans ceux de la ville d’Angers. Ce que confirme l’élaboration récente des plans locaux d’urbanisme (PLU) : alors qu’à Nantes l’intérêt pour les nouvelles possibilités de préservation du patrimoine local est manifeste, du côté d’Angers, c’est la volonté de garder les mains libres pour la densification urbaine qui l’emporte. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="577144">
                <text>Heritage and sustainable development, both widely accepted by the contemporary society, seem to proceed from the same logic : it is about better articulating the present and the future, in a logic of transmission and intergenerational solidarity. A cross study of Angers and Nantes, cities confronted with important construction pressure in a context of important population growth, tends to show that the convergence of heritage and sustainable development agendas is not obvious. While heritage is supposed to preserve designated elements, sustainable development can justify some necessary demolition in order to allow urban densification. The two notions of heritage and sustainable development seem however more interrelated in the case of Nantes than of Angers. This fact tends to be confirmed by the analysis of recent urban planning documents, the PLU (plan Local d’Urbanisme): while in Nantes the interest in new possibilities of local heritage preservation is obvious, in the case of Angers the densification process is predominant. </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="577145">
                <text>http://developpementdurable.revues.org/4913</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="577146">
                <text>doi:10.4000/developpementdurable.4913</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="577147">
                <text>fr</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Angers</text>
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                <text>densification</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="577150">
                <text>heritage</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="577151">
                <text>local urban planning</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="577152">
                <text>Nantes</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="577153">
                <text>sustainable development</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="577154">
                <text>urban regeneration</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577155">
                <text>développement durable</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="577156">
                <text>patrimoine</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="577157">
                <text>plan local d’urbanisme</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="577158">
                <text>renouvellement urbain</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="577159">
                <text>Préservation du patrimoine bâti et développement durable : une tautologie ? Les cas de Nantes et Angers</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Développement durable et territoires</text>
                </elementText>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text/>
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                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="577109">
                <text>Vandeburie, Julien</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="577110">
                <text>Cornut, Pierre</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="577111">
                <text>Aubin, David</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="577112">
                <text>2013-01-07</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="577113">
                <text>Pour satisfaire ses besoins, la ville s’approprie diverses ressources de l’espace rural et en particulier, l’eau. Cet article analyse un conflit survenu dans les années 1960-70 à la suite d’affaissements de terrains dans la région de Mons-Borinage, dus à de nouveaux captages d’eau mis en service par la Compagnie des Eaux de Bruxelles et par l’administration nationale des travaux publics. Ces affaissements entraînent d’importants dégâts immobiliers dont beaucoup non encore indemnisés aujourd’hui. L’article montre comment la ville parvient à préserver ses captages par la mise en discours de sa fonction, son statut et son droit. Malgré certaines indemnisations, c’est finalement l’intérêt public de la ville qui prime sur celui de la campagne. Le cas illustre le rapport de force inégal entre les deux territoires: tant dans la genèse du conflit que dans son développement et sa résolution, la ville domine la campagne. L’analyse souligne ainsi l’importance d’une prise en compte des aspects territoriaux des conflits sur les ressources naturelles. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577114">
                <text>To fulfil its needs, the city takes possession of various resources from the rural space, especially water. This article draws up an analysis of a conflict that arose in the 1960s-1970s following ground subsidences in the Mons-Borinage area, after new water catchments were installed by the Brussels Water Company and the national public works administration. Those subsidences resulted in considerable damage to buildings, whose owners haven’t received compensation until now. The article demonstrates how the city manages to preserve its catchments through the verbalization of its function, its position, and its prerogatives. Despite some compensations, in the end, the city’s public interest prevails against that of the rural space. This case illustrates the unequal balance of power between the two territories: as much in the conflict genesis as in its development and resolution, the city takes precedence over the country. Our analysis also stresses the necessity of considering the territorial effects of conflicts on natural resources. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="577115">
                <text>http://developpementdurable.revues.org/2850</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577116">
                <text>doi:10.4000/developpementdurable.2850</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="577117">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="577118">
                <text>Brussels</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577119">
                <text>capital</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577120">
                <text>centre-periphery</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577121">
                <text>city</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577122">
                <text>countryside</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577123">
                <text>groundwater</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577124">
                <text>Mons-Borinage</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577125">
                <text>overexploitation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577126">
                <text>rivalry</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577127">
                <text>territory</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577128">
                <text>Bruxelles</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="577129">
                <text>capitale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577130">
                <text>centre-périphérie</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577131">
                <text>conflit d’usage</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577132">
                <text>eau souterraine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577133">
                <text>Mons-Borinage</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577134">
                <text>surexploitation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577135">
                <text>territoire</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577136">
                <text>ville-campagne</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="577137">
                <text>La ville à la campagne</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="577138">
                <text>article</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644301">
                  <text>Développement durable et territoires</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644302">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644303">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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    </collection>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="577013">
                <text>Stambouli, Jacques</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="577014">
                <text>2007-06-11</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="577015">
                <text>L’implantation de nouvelles lignes de tramway peut-elle contribuer à l’émergence d’une ville durable ? Pour répondre à cette question, cet article part d’un modèle théorique insérant le système économique de transport dans trois environnements : environnement économique général, environnement social, environnement naturel. Une nouvelle ligne de tramway correspond à une nouvelle offre dans le système économique de transport d’une aire urbaine. Cette nouvelle offre produit des effets potentiels sur le système économique de transport et sur ses trois environnements. Ces effets sont recensés à partir de différentes études des agences d’urbanisme de Nantes, Grenoble et Strasbourg. Ils sont regroupés dans trois espaces géométriques : la ligne, le corridor, le périmètre. Il est possible ensuite d’organiser ces espaces en territoires concrets correspondant à la rue, aux quartiers accessibles à pied et à l’ensemble de la ville. Le projet de ville durable a alors pour ambition d’utiliser les effets potentiels du tramway moderne pour une reproduction conjointe dans l’espace urbain de la sphère économique, de la sphère sociale et de la biosphère. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577016">
                <text>How can new tramways lines promote the development of sustainable cities? This article attempts to address this question through the use of a theoretical model, which situates the economic transport system within three contexts: the larger economic environment, the social environment and the natural environment. A new tramway line constitutes a new supply within the economic transport system of an urban area and this supply in turn produces potential effects within that system and its three environments. These effects, which are identified on the basis of studies carried out by urban planning agencies in Nantes, Grenoble and Strasbourg, are grouped together in three geometrical configurations: the line, the corridor, and the perimeter. These forms can then be organized into concrete territories such as the street, the pedestrian neighborhood and the city. The sustainable city project can thus use the potential effects of modern tramways for the simultaneous reproduction of the economic sphere, the social sphere and the biosphere within the urban space.  </text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="577017">
                <text>http://developpementdurable.revues.org/3579</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577018">
                <text>doi:10.4000/developpementdurable.3579</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="577019">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="577020">
                <text>economic transport system</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577021">
                <text>neighborhood</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577022">
                <text>street</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577023">
                <text>sustainable city</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577024">
                <text>tramway</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577025">
                <text>quartier</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577026">
                <text>rue</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577027">
                <text>système économique de transport</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="577028">
                <text>ville durable</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="577029">
                <text>Les territoires du tramway moderne : de la ligne à la ville durable</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="577030">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Développement durable et territoires</text>
                </elementText>
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            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644302">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644303">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576948">
                <text>Chouli, Eleni</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576949">
                <text>Deroubaix, José Frédéric</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576950">
                <text>Carré, Catherine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576951">
                <text>2010-11-09</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576952">
                <text>La gestion de l’assainissement urbain est aujourd’hui un champ d’analyse privilégié du rôle de la proximité dans les recompositions territoriales. Depuis les années 1970, les collectivités territoriales ne peuvent plus compter sur leurs seuls réseaux techniques pour assurer la préservation et la valorisation de leur ressource en eau. Des solutions (re)territorialisées progressent. Fondées sur la notion de contrôle à la source, ces solutions se sont traduites par l’expérimentation et la relative généralisation de techniques alternatives aux réseaux dans de nombreuses villes nord-américaines et européennes. Il existe, dans ces cas, une volonté d’inverser les logiques traditionnelles, de passer d’une compétence essentiellement technique, développée et mise en œuvre au sein d’un service sectorisé fonctionnant de manière technocratique, à des savoir-faire non seulement techniques mais aussi organisationnels, impliquant un fonctionnement transversal des services urbains, dans le cadre d’un projet territorial partagé. La proximité est d’abord utilisée ici comme catégorie d’analyse de ces transformations, puis comme principe d’évaluation de ces nouvelles pratiques d’assainissement et enfin comme facteur de généralisation du contrôle à la source. Si la gestion décentralisée de l’assainissement suscite des formes d’action publique originales, elle continue de buter sur des segmentations institutionnelles et professionnelles. L’existence de techniques plus ou moins standardisées ne suffit pas à construire un référentiel de politiques d’assainissement pluvial qui s’impose aux acteurs de la ville et la réussite d’un projet dépend au final de l’engagement du maître d’ouvrage. Pourtant, un nombre croissant de réseaux de chercheurs et de praticiens de l’assainissement contribuent à construire des cultures locales privilégiant une hydrologie urbaine centrée sur le contrôle à la source.  </text>
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                <text>Urban drainage is nowadays a good example in order to consider the issue of proximity in environmental and local development public policies. Usual drainage systems have proved to be not sufficient and excessively expensive. More and more alternative solutions are experimented and implemented in Northern American and European cities. These experiences are based on source control and sustainable urban drainage solutions (SUDS). SUDS require many changes, not only in the institutions taking part in urban drainage policy, but more generally in organisations involved in the construction of the city. Source control implies a switch from a sector-related and technical management to a contextual water management, involving a wide range of stakeholders, interacting in order to create an optimum living environment. Proximity is here used as a category of analysis in order to understand the on-going changes; proximity is than used as a way to assess the new drainage systems; finally we focus on existing possibilities to generalise source control taking into consideration that SUDS are always related to a local context. There is no doubt that decentralised urban drainage has generated new forms of public action; still SUDS development is always limited because of institutional and professional obstacles. There is no strong and common urban drainage policy referential that will lead all concerned stake-holders to cooperate in order to elaborate the most sustainable source control device. Most of the time, the success of the project depends on a specific political will. However, a growing number of hybrid networks, involving searchers and urban developers, are favouring local source control “cultures”. </text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://developpementdurable.revues.org/2674</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576955">
                <text>doi:10.4000/developpementdurable.2674</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>fr</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>contracting authority</text>
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                <text>decentralized management</text>
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                <text>integrated management</text>
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                <text>source control</text>
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                <text>SUDS</text>
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                <text>territory</text>
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                <text>contrôle à la source</text>
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                <text>gestion décentralisée</text>
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                <text>gestion intégrée</text>
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                <text>maîtrise d’ouvrage</text>
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                <text>techniques alternatives</text>
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                <text>territoire</text>
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                <text>Les recompositions territoriales de l’action publique à l’aune de la proximité</text>
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                  <text>Développement durable et territoires</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576926">
                <text>Ghorra-Gobin, Cynthia</text>
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                <text>Roussel, Isabelle</text>
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                <text>Scarwell, Helga</text>
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                <text>Emelianoff, Cyria</text>
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                <text>Charles, Lionel</text>
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                <text>Roussel, François-Xavier</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>2007-08-28</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576933">
                <text>La notion d’inégalités environnementales se décline différemment selon les contextes culturels. Cette notion, telle qu’elle est apparue aux Etats Unis, n’a de sens que dans une perspective d’action. Il s’agit de s’appuyer sur un environnement dégradé pour étayer les revendications de communautés ou d’ethnies défavorisées. En Europe, elle rejoint la notion, plus globale, de populations davantage exposées à des risques ou des contaminants, ou encore tributaires d’une faible qualité de leur milieu ambiant. Des politiques ou des situations environnementales et leurs implications sanitaires peuvent se conjuguer et renforcer des inégalités constatées sur le plan social. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576934">
                <text>The notion of ecological inequalities is understood in very different ways depending on different cultural contexts. In the United States, where it has first developed, its only meaning is in an action perspective. The idea is to lean on degraded environmental conditions to strengthen the claims of unfavoured communities or ethnical groups. In Europe, it meets the more global notion of populations specifically exposed to risks or contaminating substances, or benefitting from weak quality surroundings. Policies, environmental situations and their health implications can meet and thus reinforce already identified social inequalities.  </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576935">
                <text>http://developpementdurable.revues.org/3892</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576936">
                <text>doi:10.4000/developpementdurable.3892</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>fr</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>environmental justice</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576939">
                <text>housing quality</text>
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                <text>pollution exposure</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576941">
                <text>social inequalities</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576942">
                <text>exposition aux pollutions</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576943">
                <text>inégalités sociales</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576944">
                <text>justice environnementale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576945">
                <text>qualité du logement</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576946">
                <text>Les multiples facettes des inégalités écologiques</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Développement durable et territoires</text>
                </elementText>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644303">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576846">
                <text>Glatron, Sandrine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576847">
                <text>Grésillon, Étienne</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576848">
                <text>Blanc, Nathalie</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>2012-07-06</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576850">
                <text>De quelle trame verte les citadins peuvent-ils rêver ? Des focus group ont été organisés dans trois villes françaises ayant des cultures urbaines et environnementales très différentes : Paris, Marseille et Strasbourg. Les débats intervenus entre les citadins réunis nous ont permis de mettre en évidence un rapport à la nature et aux continuités naturelles ainsi que des pratiques notablement différents d’une ville à l’autre. Cependant, les représentations citadines de la nature en ville soulignent l’importance des sensorialités dans tous les cas, ce qui nous incite à investiguer le champ de l’esthétique environnementale, et conduit à une réflexion sur l’appropriation et la participation des citadins à ces aménagements promus par la loi Grenelle II de l’environnement. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576851">
                <text>What greenway can the city dwellers dream of ? Focus groups of city dwellers have been organized in three French cities whith very different urban culture and environmental context : Paris, Marseille and Strasbourg. The debates between the participants allowed us to evidence that what they imagine is part of an environmental esthetic and reveals a relationship with nature which are different from one town to another. Nevertheless, everywhere, urban dwellers’ representations of nature and natural continuities reveal the importance of senses. It seems usefull, then, to explore the field of environmental aesthetics that could lead us to think about how citizens could appropriate and participate to these new urban structures promoted by the so called French law “Grenelle II” de l’environnement). </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576852">
                <text>http://developpementdurable.revues.org/9297</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576853">
                <text>doi:10.4000/developpementdurable.9297</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576854">
                <text>fr</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>city</text>
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                <text>cognitive representations</text>
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                <text>esthetics</text>
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                <text>ethics</text>
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                <text>greenway</text>
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                <text>nature</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576861">
                <text>urban practices</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576862">
                <text>esthétique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576863">
                <text>nature</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576864">
                <text>pratiques urbaines</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576865">
                <text>représentations cognitives</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576866">
                <text>trame verte</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576867">
                <text>ville</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576868">
                <text>Les trames vertes pour les citadins : une appropriation contrastée à Marseille, Paris, Strasbourg</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>article</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Développement durable et territoires</text>
                </elementText>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644302">
                  <text/>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576829">
                <text>Serrano, José</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576830">
                <text>2005-11-17</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576831">
                <text>Le développement durable d'une ville conduit à remettre en cause l’étalement urbain. Aujourd'hui, les élus se vantent d’appliquer les principes du développement durable. Ils cherchent à préserver le cadre de vie et à maîtriser l'urbanisation. Pourtant, ces mêmes élus inscrivent dans les documents d'urbanisme des projets de développement ambitieux forts consommateurs d'espace. À travers une analyse des projets des élus de la ceinture périurbaine de Tours, il s'agit de déterminer la place qui est faite à la préservation des espaces ouverts. Nous analyserons quelles sont les conditions pour une reconnaissance des espaces agricoles et naturels comme étant un prolongement de la ville (et non plus l'absence de celle-ci). L’hypothèse est que la reconnaissance des espaces agricoles et naturels repose sur une modification de la perception de ces espaces. Mais face à l'ampleur des remises en cause que suppose cette évolution l'intervention d'un médiateur est nécessaire. </text>
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                <text>Where is the balance between a town growth and the protection of agricultural per urban spaces ? The case of an average developed area. Urban sustainable development is in opposition with urban spraw. Today, elected officials speak big about the application of sustainable development principles. They are looking for preserving the setting and for controling the urban expansion. Nethertheless, the same elected officials create ambitious projects in urban planning documents. Through the analysis of elected officials developement projects, we’ll try to determine the importance of protecting natural spaces. The second objective is to know which are the conditions to recognize agricultural and natural spaces as an extention of the town (and not as the lack of it). Our hypothesis is that the recognition of farm land and natural spaces depends on a modification of the perception of the farmers’ role. But facing the extend of change regarding this evolution the intervention of a mediator is mandatory </text>
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                <text>http://developpementdurable.revues.org/1605</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576834">
                <text>doi:10.4000/developpementdurable.1605</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576835">
                <text>fr</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>PAEN</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576837">
                <text>perception of agriculture</text>
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                <text>space consumption</text>
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                <text>Tours</text>
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                <text>urban sprawl</text>
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                <text>consommation d’espace</text>
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                <text>étalement urbain</text>
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                <text>perception de l’agriculture</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576844">
                <text>Quel équilibre entre urbanisation et préservation des espaces agricoles périurbains ? Le cas d’une agglomération moyenne</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Cormier, Laure</text>
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                <text>Joliet, Fabienne</text>
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                <text>La notion de trames vertes connaît aujourd’hui une résonnance forte dans le monde de l’aménagement du territoire en France. Elle vise à agir sur la matérialité du paysage par l’installation de structures paysagères à des fins écologiques, ou par la construction d’infrastructures à des fins récréatives. Ces transformations ont une conséquence directe sur le paysage du quotidien qui, en tout premier lieu, est vécu par les habitants. Mais comment cette notion de trames vertes est-elle perçue par ces derniers ? Trente entretiens auprès d’habitants du SCoT Angers Loire Métropole angevine ont été réalisés. L’interprétation des résultats conduit à se pencher sur l’appropriation du terme « trames vertes » et de la notion de biodiversité par les habitants et, plus globalement, sur leurs attentes de « nature ».  </text>
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                <text>“Trame verte” has become trendy in the French planners’ vocabulary. It is to act on the materiality of the landscape, for example, by installing landscape structures for environmental purposes, or construction of infrastructure for recreation. These changes have a direct impact on ordinary landscape that, first of all, is living by inhabitant. But how this notion of “trame verte” is perceived by them? Thirty interviews with inhabitants of Angers’ agglomeration have been made. Interpretation of the results led to consider the appropriation of the term “trame verte” and the concept of biodiversity by residents and, more generally, expectations of “nature”.  </text>
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                <text>doi:10.4000/developpementdurable.9319</text>
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                <text>biodiversity</text>
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                <text>greenway</text>
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                <text>inhabitants</text>
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                <text>nature</text>
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                <text>representation</text>
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                <text>biodiversité</text>
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                <text>habitants</text>
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                <text>nature</text>
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                <text>représentations</text>
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                <text>trame verte</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576678">
                <text>La biodiversité est-elle un enjeu pour les habitants ? </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Développement durable et territoires</text>
                </elementText>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644302">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Zaccai, Edwin</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>2007-06-11</text>
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                <text>doi:10.4000/developpementdurable.3572</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Regards croisés du MEDD et du PUCA sur l'état des recherches françaises en matière d'inégalités écologiques</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Développement durable et territoires</text>
                </elementText>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644303">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576524">
                <text>Hajek, Isabelle</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576525">
                <text>2013-07-16</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576526">
                <text>Recouvrant à l’origine des préoccupations d’hygiène publique, la relation déchets/santé s’est vue redéfinir en termes de santé environnementale (SE) par des mobilisations dont de nombreux travaux ont montré les spécificités : un ancrage local, des coalitions d’acteurs, un investissement cognitif fort. Les problèmes posés par l’évolution de la composition des déchets, les cocktails de molécules générés par les techniques de traitement que ces mobilisations soulèvent sont entrés en congruence avec une interprétation écologique de la santé et un resserrement de la notion d’environnement sur la proximité de l’espace vécu. S’appuyant sur deux études approfondies de l’opposition à l’incinération des déchets ménagers à Fos, ce texte interroge les conséquences de l’émergence d’une problématique de SE sur la perception et la gestion des déchets, et plus largement, sur les formes de gouvernance du développement durable.  </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576527">
                <text>Waste treatment and environmental health : science as a factor of local acceptability? The household waste incinerator in Fos-sur-Mer. Environmental health considerations appear to have created a focal point for the local mobilization of indigenous and grassroots resistance to waste management. The evolution of waste composition and blends of molecules generated by waste processing techniques start raising a new ecological health issue linked to their local environment. Using two studies on mobilization against Fos-sur-Mer’s incinerator, this article investigates the impact of environmental health considerations on management and treatment of waste, and more widely on governance of sustainable development. </text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576529">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>environment</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>environmental health</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>incinération</text>
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                <text>mobilization</text>
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                <text>waste</text>
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                <text>déchets</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576536">
                <text>environnement</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576537">
                <text>incinération</text>
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                <text>mobilisations</text>
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                <text>santé environnementale</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576540">
                <text>Traitement des déchets et santé environnementale : la science, un facteur d’acceptabilité locale ? L’exemple de l’incinérateur à Fos-sur-Mer</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Développement durable et territoires</text>
                </elementText>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644303">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576503">
                <text>Goeldner-Gianella, Lydie</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576504">
                <text>Simon, Laurent</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576505">
                <text>2012-07-06</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Une première enquête, menée sur 4 communes périurbaines de Seine-et-Marne concernant les relations des habitants à la biodiversité, soulignait l’importance des espaces de proximité dans le lien qui unit les habitants à la biodiversité. Cette même enquête mettait en évidence les différenciations sociospatiales (Catégories Socio-Professionnelles, niveau de diplôme, type d’habitat…) qui existent dans le rapport à la biodiversité. Le présent article s’interroge, à la suite de ce premier travail (Simon et al, 2012), sur le rôle que peuvent jouer les trames vertes urbaines dans la connexion des habitants à la diversité du vivant : espaces intra-urbains, les trames vertes sont-elles les lieux d’une relation particulière des habitants à la biodiversité et si oui à quelle biodiversité ? Espaces de fréquentation locale dominante, la trame verte permet-elle de connecter à la biodiversité des populations autrement sans lien avec la « nature » ? </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576507">
                <text>Biodiversity, inhabitants and urban green infrastructures : the Val Maubuée case study (Seine-et-Marne, France). A first survey leaded in fourth suburban townships of the Department of Seine-et-Marne (France) concerning the associations between inhabitants and biodiversity underlined the importance of spatial proximity for connecting people to biodiversity. The same survey put emphasis on the social and spatial differences concerning this relationship. Consequently, this article questions the role that urban green infrastructures can play by connecting people to biodiversity : are urban greenways places of a particular relationship between inhabitants and biodiversity ? If so, to what kind of biodiversity ? As a space more frequently used by local people, do the urban green infrastructure be a innovative way of connecting to biodiversity the groups who have very few links with “nature” ? </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576508">
                <text>http://developpementdurable.revues.org/9326</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576509">
                <text>doi:10.4000/developpementdurable.9326</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576510">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576511">
                <text>Quelle biodiversité pour quels habitants dans la trame verte urbaine ? L’exemple du Val Maubuée (Seine-et-Marne, France)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576512">
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      <elementSetContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644301">
                  <text>Développement durable et territoires</text>
                </elementText>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644302">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644303">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576483">
                <text>Brodach, Ari</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576484">
                <text>Goffi, Mélanie</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2005-11-17</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576486">
                <text>La politique de la ville en France valorise une approche stratégique multiforme des difficultés urbaines, dans une démarche de participation des habitants. La similitude de ses objectifs avec ceux du développement durable est frappante. Il apparaît dès lors pertinent d’engager notre réflexion sur la politique de la ville comme une stratégie de développement durable des quartiers en difficultés. Nous proposons ainsi à travers cet article un essai de définition du quartier en développement durable, tant dans son concept que dans sa mise en œuvre, en nous basant d’une part sur l’analyse de la démarche de participation dans la politique de renouvellement urbain en France, et d’autre part sur la représentation du territoire comme un écosystème. </text>
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                <text>French urban policy is aimed at implementing a transversal understanding of urban problematics using a participative approach. In that sense its objectives are very much interconnected with those of sustainable development. We can therefore consider urban governance policies as strategies supposely focused on the sustainable development of deprived neighborhoods. Through this article, we intend to define what the sustainable development means at the scale of a neighborhood i.e. what are its objectives and how to implement it. We firstly analyse the participatory process in the French urban policy. Second, we engage our reflexion on the ecosystemic understanding of a sustainably developing neighbourhood.   </text>
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                <text>meaning’s production</text>
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                <text>neighbourhood’s ecosystem</text>
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                <text>participation of civil society</text>
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                <text>création de sens</text>
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                <text>développement territorial durable</text>
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                <text>écosystème du quartier</text>
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                <text>La politique de la ville : une trajectoire de développement urbain durable ?</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Ballet, Jérôme</text>
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                <text>Mahieu, François-Régis</text>
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                <text>Dubois, Jean-Luc</text>
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                <text>Le développement est considéré comme durable lorsqu’il permet aux générations actuelles de satisfaire à leurs besoins sans compromettre la capacité des générations futures à satisfaire les leurs. Il faut pour cela que les générations futures détiennent au moins autant de ressources, sous la forme de capital ou de potentialités diverses, que la génération actuelle. Lorsqu’on considère la dimension sociale du développement durable, se pose alors la question du transfert des acquis ou potentialités d’une génération à l’autre. Ces potentialités prennent de multiples formes: capital humain (éducation, santé), capital social (liens sociaux), capacité à utiliser les potentialités disponibles, etc. Plus généralement, la durabilité sociale du développement demande d’aborder les conditions d’une transmission équitable des "capacités à faire et à être" (plus simplement "capabilités") d’une génération à l’autre. On attend donc d’un développement socialement durable qu’il protège les potentialités, renforce les capacités d’une génération donnée, et facilite leur transfert à la génération suivante. Cela implique d’examiner ce qui empêche la constitution de potentialités (trappes à pauvreté), l’amélioration des capacités (exclusion sociale et vulnérabilité) et la transmission inter-générationnelle (inégalités). Dès lors, dans le cadre d’une éthique de la responsabilité, des principes de précaution sociale adéquats pourraient guider l’élaboration des politiques publiques. </text>
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                <text>Sustainable development allows the current generation to satisfy its needs without compromising the capacity of future generations to satisfy theirs. This implies that future generations should have in hand at least as many resources, in terms of capital or various potentialities, than the current generation. The social dimension of sustainable development raises the issue of transmitting social assets and potentialities from one generation to the other. These include human capital (education, health), social capital (relationships) as well as any capacity to use in an appropriate way these potentialities. More generally, social sustainability focuses on the conditions for an equitable transmission of capabilities from one generation to the others. It is expected from a socially sustainable development to protect the social potentiality, to improve the person’s capability and to facilitate their transfer from one generation to the next. This implies reviewing the causes that prevent the creation of potentiality (poverty trap), the promotion of capability (social exclusion and vulnerability) and the inter-generational transfer (inequity), in order to define, within the ethical framework of responsibility, a few principles for social precaution, which could be used for the design of public policies. </text>
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                <text>http://developpementdurable.revues.org/1165</text>
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                <text>doi:10.4000/developpementdurable.1165</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>fr</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>A la recherche du développement socialement durable: concepts fondamentaux et principes de base</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Développement durable et territoires</text>
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                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576303">
                <text>Jabot, Françoise</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576304">
                <text>Vidy, Anne</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576305">
                <text>Thébault, Pascal</text>
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                <text>Mordelet, Pauline</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576307">
                <text>Potelon, Jean-Luc</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576308">
                <text>Simos, Jean</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576309">
                <text>Auffray, Frédéric</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576310">
                <text>Jourdren, Alain</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576311">
                <text>Tollec, Laurine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576312">
                <text>Gall, Anne Roué le</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576313">
                <text>2013-07-10</text>
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                <text>Cet article présente un premier retour d’expérience de terrain, de construction et de mise en œuvre d’une démarche d’Évaluation d’Impacts sur la Santé (EIS) d’un projet d’aménagement urbain. Cette démarche a pour but de minimiser les impacts négatifs et maximiser les impacts positifs du projet sur la santé et la qualité de vie des populations. Grâce à une méthodologie basée sur l’élaboration d’une grille multi-critères intégrant plusieurs déterminants de la santé, une liste de recommandations à destination des décideurs a été proposée. Après une discussion des atouts de cette démarche participative d’intégration des champs santé-environnement et développement durable, des recommandations méthodologiques sont formulées afin de faciliter son utilisation à d’autres contextes similaires. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576315">
                <text>This article offers initial feedback from a field experience on the design and implementation of a Health Impact Assessment (HIA) approach in the context of an urban planning project. This approach aims at minimizing negative impacts and optimizing positive impacts of the project on the health and quality of life of populations. A methodology based on the design of a multi-criteria grid with several health determinants was developed and a list of recommendations was subsequently suggested to decision-makers. The strengths of such a participatory and approach integrating both environmental health and sustainable development are discussed and methodological recommendations are produced in order to facilitate future use of such an approach in similar contexts.  </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576316">
                <text>http://developpementdurable.revues.org/9815</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576317">
                <text>fr</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576318">
                <text>decision-making support</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576319">
                <text>environment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576320">
                <text>health determinants</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576321">
                <text>HIA</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576322">
                <text>interdisciplinarity</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576323">
                <text>participatory approach</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576324">
                <text>urban planning</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576325">
                <text>aide à la décision</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576326">
                <text>démarche participative</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576327">
                <text>déterminants de la santé</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576328">
                <text>EIS</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576329">
                <text>environnement</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576330">
                <text>interdisciplinarité</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576331">
                <text>urbanisme</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>L’Évaluation d’Impacts sur la Santé (EIS) : une démarche d’intégration des champs santé-environnement dans la voie du développement durable Application à un projet d’aménagement urbain : la halte ferroviaire de Pontchaillou à Rennes</text>
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                  <text>Développement durable et territoires</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Pellegrini, Patricia</text>
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                <text>2012-10-05</text>
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                <text>Si l’arbre d’alignement est géré à Paris par la Direction des espaces verts, son pied relève de trois autres Directions : Voirie, Propreté, Urbanisme. Cette gestion en partage est complexe et met à l’épreuve l’idéal de développement durable. Les grilles sont des facteurs de risques pour les piétons et leur absence favorise le piétinement, néfaste pour les arbres. D’autres aménagements tels l’enherbement et la végétalisation sont encouragés d’autant qu’ils pourraient contribuer à une trame verte. La présence d’herbe exprime cependant malpropreté et négligence pour certains et complique la tâche de la Propreté qui lui préfère un revêtement perméable mais inerte, nommé stabilisé. Une coordination de l’espace public a été créée afin d’établir une gestion prenant en compte la diversité des points de vue ; elle arbitre les choix en fonction de l’usage des rues et de l’image que l’herbe en renvoie. </text>
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                <text>Foot trees, sidewalk and pedestrians: towards a sustainable combination ? Street trees are managed in Paris by the Green spaces office. The foot tree depends on three more offices: the Public road network, the Urban waste management and the Town planning. This shared management is more complex and challenges the ideal of sustainable development. Tree grates are risky for pedestrians and their absence increase trampling which is harmful for trees. Other arrangements like greening or planting are promoted as they could also participate to an urban greenway. But weeds mean dirt and dereliction for some people and make cleaning difficult. The Urban waste management prefers another floor covering, permeable but inert, called “stabilisé”. To set up a management which takes into account the various points of view, a coordination of the public space was created to arbitrate choices according to the use of streets and the picture weeds reflect. </text>
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                <text>doi:10.4000/developpementdurable.9329</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576248">
                <text>fr</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>anthropology</text>
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                <text>city</text>
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                <text>foot tree</text>
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                <text>greening</text>
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                <text>public space</text>
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                <text>herbe</text>
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                <text>Pieds d’arbre, trottoirs et piétons : vers une combinaison durable ?</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576228">
                <text>Theys, Jacques</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2003-11-01</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576230">
                <text>Le terme de « gouvernance » s’est imposé au cours des années 90 comme le symbole d’une nouvelle modernité dans les modes d’action publique et est devenu, en quelques années, un des lieux communs du vocabulaire de l’aménagement du territoire. Néanmoins, cette banalisation, comme les critiques qu’a pu susciter cette notion, ne doivent pas faire oublier les potentialités d’innovations qu’elle recèle. Partant de ces constats et de ce postulat, l’auteur propose dans cet article une réflexion théorique et critique sur la notion de « gouvernance » en s’appuyant notamment sur les innovations en la matière qui ont eu pour cadre le champ environnemental depuis une vingtaine d’années. La notion de gouvernance et les usages qui en sont fait sont interrogés directement dans un premier temps, afin d’en affiner le contenu au-delà de la simple définition de « boîte à outils » managériale. Les potentialités théoriques de la notion de gouvernance sont ensuite discutées et critiquées à partir des exemples concrets d’innovations procédurales qui se sont multipliées dans le champs de l’environnement. </text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576231">
                <text>http://developpementdurable.revues.org/1523</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576232">
                <text>doi:10.4000/developpementdurable.1523</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576233">
                <text>fr</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576234">
                <text>gouvernance</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576235">
                <text>démocratie cognitive</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576236">
                <text>environnement</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576237">
                <text>gouvernabilité</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576238">
                <text>gouvernementalité</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576239">
                <text>innovations procédurales</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576240">
                <text>La Gouvernance, entre innovation et impuissance</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>article</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644301">
                  <text>Développement durable et territoires</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644302">
                  <text/>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644303">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576126">
                <text>Leclercq, Emmanuelle</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576127">
                <text>2007-04-15</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576128">
                <text>Cet article se propose de marquer certaines approches théoriques concernant les inégalités des chances au sein des sciences sociales, de voir la prévalence des approches surtout sociale où la question du territoire est souvent biaisée. Nous analyserons les moyens de la connaissance de cette réalité des inégalités des chances en regard des territoires, les moyens de la production statistique, par les approches du Cereq, notamment.  Nous montrerons comment cette question des choix de parcours et de lutte contre l’échec est abordée à l’échelle d’une université, en prenant l’exemple de certaines initiatives réalisées notamment en Champagne Ardenne montrant ainsi la complexité d’une connaissance objective. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576129">
                <text>This article suggests marking certain theoretical approaches concerning the disparities of the chances. According to the disciplinary membership within the social sciences, to see especially social prevalencia the approaches where the question of the territory is often slanted. We shall analyze the means of the knowledge of this reality of the disparities of the chances compared to territories, the means of the statistical production, by the approaches of the Cereq.We shall show how this question of the choices of route and fight against the defeat is approached on the scale of a university, by taking the example of certain initiatives realized notably in Champagne Ardenne so showing the complexity of an objective knowledge. </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576130">
                <text>http://developpementdurable.revues.org/3479</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576131">
                <text>doi:10.4000/developpementdurable.3479</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576132">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576133">
                <text>disparity of the chances</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576134">
                <text>school disparity</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576135">
                <text>social disparity</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576136">
                <text>statistical production</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576137">
                <text>territory</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576138">
                <text>inégalité des chances</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576139">
                <text>inégalité scolaire</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576140">
                <text>inégalité sociale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576141">
                <text>parcours universitaires</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="576142">
                <text>production statistique</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576143">
                <text>territoire</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="576144">
                <text>Ségrégations résidentielles et construction de parcours de formation </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="576145">
                <text>article</text>
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