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                <text>Roulleau-Berger, Laurence</text>
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                <text>En trente ans la Chine a accompli trois transitions : de la planification centralisée vers l’économie de marché, le passage d’une société agricole vers une société industrielle, de la vie rurale vers une urbanisation très intense. La rapidité des transitions chinoises a provoqué une intensification des migrations internes en Chine. Les migrants développent des plurimobilités intracontinentales, c’est-à-dire des mobilités successives des marchés du travail ruraux vers les marchés du travail urbains et réciproquement. La figure du migrant est devenue alors véritablement emblématique pour appréhender les processus de reconfiguration et de segmentation des marchés du travail mais aussi plus globalement la question des résistances dans la société chinoise. Les processus de socialisation des migrants rendent compte d’un dégradé de formes d’affiliation et de mises à distances sociale et économique propres à la société chinoise. Le migrant apparaît comme se constituant en acteur individuel disqualifié socialement, objet de domination mais aussi capable de circulation, d’action, de mobilisation. </text>
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                <text>In thirty years China has accomplished three transitions : from a centralized planned economy to a market economy, from an agricultural society to an industrial society, from rural life to a very intense urbanization. The rapidity with which the Chinese transitions have taken place has provoked an intensification of inner migrations in China. Migrants have developed intracontinental multimobilities, that is successive mobilities from rural labour markets to urban labour markets and vice versa. Therefore, the image of the migrant has become the symbol in which to understand not only the processes of reconfiguration and segmentation of labour markets but also more generally the question of resistance of the Chinese society. The processes of socialisation of the migrants inform on a variety of forms of affiliation and social and economic distancing specific to the Chinese society. The migrant appears to be a socially disqualified individual agent, object of domination but also capable of circulation, action and mobilisation.  </text>
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                <text>disqualification</text>
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                <text>disqualification</text>
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                <text>Circulations, disqualification, autonomie des migrants en Chine continentale</text>
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                <text>Bergouignan, Christophe</text>
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                <text>Caillot, Mélanie</text>
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                <text>Dasre, Aurélien</text>
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                <text>Kersuzan, Claire</text>
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                <text>Associés aux destins sociaux, les facteurs à l’origine des migrations internes influant sur les pyramides locales des âges, participent à la constitution des concentrations socio-spatiales. Il existe donc de ce fait une relation entre la sélection migratoire des populations selon leur âge et la répartition spatiale des différentes catégories sociales. Les mobilités résidentielles des jeunes adultes liées aux études supérieures puis à l’insertion professionnelle des diplômés sont, sur ce plan, les plus déterminantes. Les migrations associées à la constitution de la famille ont un effet plus modeste sur les concentrations socio-spatiales, sauf dans la petite portion de l’espace périurbain dont le parc de logements est le plus spécialisé et composé presque exclusivement de maisons individuelles habitées par leurs propriétaires. La répartition territoriale des différentes catégories sociales résultant de ces flux migratoires internes est modulée par le chômage, notamment féminin, pour conduire à d’importantes inégalités spatiales de revenu. Les facteurs de la sélection migratoire des populations selon leur âge n’expliquent néanmoins pas la totalité des concentrations socio-spatiales. En effet, les territoires dont la structure par âge est la moins déformée par les migrations se caractérisent par une surreprésentation de l’habitat social, qui en milieu urbain, est à l’origine de certaines formes de concentrations socio-spatiale. </text>
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                <text>Linked to social prospects, the factors of internal migrations modifying local age structures have an important impact on socio-spatial concentrations. There is a strong link between age selection by migrations and socio-spatial concentrations. Student migrations and post-graduate employment are the most effective in this matter. Migrations associated with family process have a lower effect on socio-spatial concentrations, except on a small part of urban peripheries where housing is only composed of individual houses occupied by their owners. The spatial distribution of social groups resulting from these internal migration flows, also influenced by unemployment, particularly that of women, leads to a high spatial inequality of households income.. . The factors of age selection by migrations do not entirely account for socio-spatial concentrations. In fact, districts where age structure is the less modified by migrations have a high percentage of social housing, which is associated with other forms of socio-spatial concentrations in urban areas. </text>
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                <text>http://eps.revues.org/index3567.html</text>
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                <text>fr</text>
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                <text>age structure</text>
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                <text>internal migrations</text>
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                <text>local populations</text>
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                <text>residential mobility</text>
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                <text>social groups distribution</text>
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                <text>socio-spatial concentrations</text>
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                <text>composition par catégories sociales</text>
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                <text>concentrations socio-spatiales</text>
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                <text>Sélectivité migratoire des populations selon leur âge et concentrations socio-spatiales</text>
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                <text>Graslin, Gauthier</text>
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                <text>2008-09-01</text>
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                <text>Les migrants sont des acteurs du processus de métropolisation tant sur le plan culturel qu’économique. À Varsovie, leur arrivée permet un renouveau du multiculturalisme polonais disparu après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Depuis l’accession de la Pologne à l’espace Schengen, Varsovie apparaît comme un pont entre Union Européenne et Europe orientale. Tous les migrants ne sont cependant pas égaux dans l’espace métropolitain. Alors que les Français contribuent à l’intégration de Varsovie à la mondialisation de manière institutionnelle, les migrants informels ukrainiens cherchent leur place dans la nouvelle métropole. </text>
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                <text>Migrants are culturally and economically involved in metropolitan process. In Warsaw, their incoming fostered the revival of traditional Polish multiculturalism, which had been erased in the aftermath of the Second World War. Since its integration to Schengen, Warsaw appears like a bridge between the European Union and Eastern Europe. However, migrants are not equal in metropolitan space. While French migrants spearhead institutional changes leading Warsaw’s assertion in globalized networks, Ukrainian undocumented migrants are looking for a new place in the metropolis’ brand new economy. </text>
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                <text>Eastern Europe</text>
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                <text>globalization</text>
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                <text>L’intégration de Varsovie au système migratoire européen</text>
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                <text>Gobert, Julie</text>
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                <text>Aux États-Unis, la constatation de situations d’injustice environnementale a justifié de nouvelles revendications des minorités ethno-raciales et induit la création de nouveaux outils d’action publique/privée. Or les compensations territoriales font partie des compromis socio-politiques locaux qui visent à la fois à améliorer l’acceptabilité sociale des infrastructures et à atténuer in fine les disparités environnementales. Se distançant de l’indemnisation et complétant (ou fléchant) les revenus fiscaux qu’entraîne pour les collectivités d’accueil la présence d’ouvrages polluants ou à risques, elles se matérialisent, selon les contextes, par une embauche privilégiée des riverains, une offre de formation aux métiers développés sur l’infrastructure, la participation à la construction d’équipements collectifs, la diminution des atteintes environnementales… Elles jouent ainsi sur les registres de la justice procédurale pour la négociation qu’elles exigent entre acteurs, de la justice distributive en tentant de réallouer les bénéfices et de corriger les nuisances, et de la justice substantive en s’adressant prioritairement à des territoires et des populations déshérités. À travers deux exemples, le Compensation benefits agreement concernant l’aéroport de Los Angeles et le Host community benefits plan concernant l’implantation d’une centrale électrique à Long Island, l’efficacité des mesures compensatoires dans la lutte contre les inégalités est interrogée. </text>
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                <text>In the United States, the environmental justice movement and the demands of minorities to live in a safe environment were at the origin of new tools of public/private policy. Indeed the “community benefits” result from social and political compromises that target not only to improve the acceptability of facilities but also to reduce environmental inequities. They differ from indemnities or taxes that the local governments receive when they host polluting or hazardous infrastructures. According to the context, the “compensation package” takes different forms: training and first hiring system so that resident can access to the jobs of the facility, construction of community buildings, and diminution of environmental harm… That’s why they fall within the scope of procedural justice because they require that all involved stakeholders participate to the final decision, of distributive justice as they try to reallocate benefits and to repair nuisances, of substantive justice because they are foremost implemented for deprived territories and people. Through two examples – the Community benefits agreement at the International Los Angeles airport and the Host community benefits plan negotiated for the sitting of a power plant at Long Island - the efficiency of compensatory measures to address environmental inequities is analyzed.  </text>
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                <text>Les accidents de la circulation sont désormais identifiés au niveau mondial comme un enjeu de santé publique. Vientiane, capitale de la RDP Lao, fait face à une augmentation soudaine, importante et sans précédent du trafic routier qui a de lourdes conséquences sur la santé de la population. Cet article dresse un tableau de la situation en suivant une approche de géographie de la santé c'est-à-dire en considérant les accidents de la circulation à la fois comme objet géographique et fait de santé. </text>
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                <text>Road traffic accidents are now identified as a worldwide public health issue. Vientiane, capital city of Lao PDR, is facing a sudden and unprecedented increase of traffic that has negative consequences on the health of the general population. This paper will discuss the current situation in Vientiane by using a geography of health approach that will examine traffic accidents as both a geographical object and health issue. </text>
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                <text>système d’information géographique (SIG)</text>
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                <text>Les accidents de la circulation à Vientiane (RDP Lao) : un enjeu de santé publique nouveau et important</text>
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                <text>Remennick, Larissa</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>La communauté des anciens Juifs soviétiques dans le Grand Toronto a beaucoup augmenté depuis 15 ans, à la fois par immigration directe depuis les pays de l’ex-URSS et par re-migration de Juifs russes depuis Israël. Peu d’études canadiennes sur les expériences de réinstallation des Juifs russes se sont penchées jusqu’à présent sur les questions d’identité juive et de modification de cette identité avec la migration. Cette étude ethnique exploratoire est basée sur des entretiens, des discussions de groupe et l’observation des contextes de vie des immigrants avec l’intention de comparer quelques aspects essentiels de l’intégration entre Juifs arrivés directement de l’ex-URSS et Juifs ayant d’abord migré vers Israël. Les récits collectés pour cette étude portent sur différents points : causes de la migration vers le Canada, difficultés d’entrée sur le marché du travail canadien, perception des niveaux de vie, difficultés spécifiques aux couples d’immigrants, aux jeunes et aux personnes âgées, liens transnationaux avec d’autres branches de la diaspora juive russe. Les résultats indiquent des différences notables entre les deux groupes, en particulier dans l’adaptation au marché du travail et les processus familiaux. En général, les migrants de seconde migration sont mieux armés pour le mode de vie et l’économie occidentale et ont plus de points d’ancrage dans la société canadienne que ceux qui arrivent directement de l’ex-URSS. </text>
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                <text>The community of former Soviet Jews in the Greater Toronto Area has considerably expanded over the last 15 years reflecting both immigration from the former Soviet Union (FSU) and re-migration of Russian Jews from Israel. Few Canadian studies of the resettlement experiences of Russian Jews focused on the issues of Jewish identity and its change upon migration. This exploratory ethnographic study included in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observations of natural contexts of immigrants’ lives with the goal of comparing some key aspects of social integration between direct arrivals from the FSU and secondary migrants from Israel. The narratives collected in this study refer to several domains: causes of migration to Canada, the challenges of occupational adjustment, perceived living standards and quality of life, the specific challenges faced by immigrant couples, youth and the elders, and transnational ties with other branches of the Russian Jewish diaspora. The findings point to some tangible differentials in the integration process between the two groups of immigrants, particularly in their labor market adjustments and family processes. Generally, ‘second lap’ migrants from Israel are better equipped for western economic marketplace and have more social anchors within Canadian society than direct arrivals from the FSU.  </text>
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                <text>Canada</text>
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                <text>Toronto</text>
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                <text>Canada</text>
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                <text>Juifs russes</text>
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                <text>Toronto</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Russian Jews in the Global City of Toronto: A Pilot Study of Identity and Social Integration</text>
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                <text>Staniscia1, Barbara</text>
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                <text>Montanari, Armando</text>
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                <text>L’aire urbaine de Chieti-Pescara représente bien ce modèle. La migration féminine dans cette région est caractérisée par un nombre important de femmes d’Europe de l’est, plutôt bien éduquées, ayant migré seules, motivées par des considérations économiques et qui recherchent une certaine indépendance. Elles jouent un rôle important dans la sphère domestique dans une société mature où les femmes ont un travail en dehors de la maison. Leurs salaires ne sont pas très élevés mais sont essentiels puisqu’ils contribuent fortement à la survie de la famille restée au pays avec laquelle elles gardent des liens forts. </text>
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                <text>The presence of foreign women in Italy is particularly relevant in communities originating from Eastern European countries. This presence is destined to increase in the near future. Eastern European women are particularly numerous in the Adriatic regions, mainly because of spatial proximity. This kind of mobility is also reinforced by the EU development programmes favouring cooperation among all the Adriatic regions. The phenomenon is relevant enough to justify the existence of an Adriatic model. Chieti-Pescara metropolitan area represents well this model. Female migration in this area is characterised by a large presence of Eastern European women, fairly well-educated, who move alone, motivated by economic factors, searching for autonomy and independence. They play an important role in the domestic care, in a mature society where women have a job outside home. Their salary is not very high but it is used also to contribute to the survival of the family members left behind with whom they keep a strong link. </text>
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                <text>adriatic model</text>
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                <text>eastern european migration</text>
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                <text>female migration</text>
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                <text>migration des femmes</text>
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                <text>modèle adriatique</text>
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                <text>Female Migration in a Changing World. Eastern Europeans in Central Italy</text>
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                <text>Sepúlveda, Bastien</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>L’urbanisation des sociétés amérindiennes constitue, depuis plusieurs décennies déjà, l’une des plus remarquables dynamiques observées en Amérique Latine. Au Chili, notamment, les mouvements migratoires en faveur des grands centres urbains ont eu pour principal effet de vider les terroirs mapuches du sud du pays. Le présent article se propose d’explorer les facteurs permettant d’expliquer ce processus. Mais, au-delà, l’analyse est plus particulièrement portée sur le fait que, d’une part, la ville constitue le lieu de formidables réélaborations identitaires et que, d’autre part, elle n’est pas déconnectée des communautés rurales d’origine, avec lesquelles les migrants continuent d’entretenir des relations. Les mobilités enregistrées ne semblent donc pas uniquement répondre à une contrainte ; elles seraient aussi un choix, voire une stratégie qui, en termes géographiques, se traduit alors par une multiplicité des ancrages territoriaux. </text>
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                <text>Since a few decades, indigenous urbanization process is one of the most striking dynamics in Latin America. In Chile, more particularly, migrations towards urban areas have emptied out the southern Mapuche lands. Beyond exploring the illustrative factors of this process, this paper pays particular attention, on the one hand, to the identity rebuilding process in town and, on the other hand, to the connections between urban areas and rural communities with whom migrants maintain relationships. Contemporary mobilities could not be seen only as a constraint, but it must be also a choice, even a strategy to locate itself in a multiplicity of embedded places </text>
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                <text>Mapuche</text>
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                <text>mobilities</text>
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                <text>Entre villes et campagnes.Mobilités contemporaines et stratégies territoriales mapuches au Chili</text>
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                <text>La situation des femmes en Iran a considérablement changé depuis l’instauration de la République islamique, en contradiction apparente avec l’image d’une société et d’un régime politique conservateurs. La généralisation de la scolarisation féminine associée à une forte baisse - sans précédent pour une population de cette dimension - de la fécondité ont transformé la vie et l’identité personnelles des femmes, contribuant à leurs aspirations à un accès accru à la sphère et à l’espace publics, notamment pour l’emploi et la représentation politique. Les données, issues des résultats d’une vaste enquête nationale, informent également sur les pratiques familiales et de loisirs, le partage des responsabilités familiales et des tâches domestiques... </text>
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                <text>Despite an overall image of conservatism, the Iranian society has experienced drastic changes in the situation of women since the implementation of the Islamic Regime. Together with a sharp decline in fertility levels, general female education has considerably transformed women’s personal life but also their identity and aspirations throughout the country. Results drawn froma national survey also show trends on leisure and family practice, share of parental responsibility and of domestic work, use of public space... </text>
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                <text>demographic behaviour</text>
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                <text>identity</text>
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                <text>survey</text>
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                <text>women</text>
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                <text>comportements démographiques</text>
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                <text>enquête</text>
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                <text>femmes</text>
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                <text>identité</text>
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                <text>Iran</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Nouvelle identité des femmes iraniennes : questions démographiques,questions de genre</text>
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                  <text>Espace populations sociétés</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Thalineau, Alain</text>
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                <text>Nowik, Laurent</text>
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                <text>Cet article étudie la mobilité résidentielle de « milieu de retraite » en la comparant à celle observée plus tôt dans le cycle de vie de la retraite. L’enquête porte sur quatre territoires typifiés permettant de voir comment jouent sur la mobilité résidentielle les environnements ruraux ou urbains, connotés ou non touristiquement. Les raisons données par 286 personnes ayant été mobiles entre 55 et 84 ans sont étudiées, puis nous recentrons notre propos sur celles ayant déménagé entre 70 et 84 ans pour considérer les logiques à l’œuvre identifiables sur tous les territoires. Nous montrons ensuite que les caractéristiques des territoires sélectionnent certains types de mobilités et déterminent le nouveau cadre de vie des retraités, aussi bien à l’échelle du logement que de l’espace vécu. La singularité des territoires apparaît alors. Cependant, les logiques des mobilités ne sont pas seulement sous l’influence du cadre spatial ; elles s’effectuent aussi en tenant compte des relations sociales. </text>
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                <text>This article compares residential mobility at the middle of the retirement period with mobility observed at the beginning of retirement. The survey covers four specific sites in order to characterize the impact on the retirement mobility of rural versus urban settings, and of tourist places versus others. We examine the reasons given by 286 persons who moved between ages 55 and 84 and we then focus our discussion on retirees who moved between ages 70 and 84 to explore strategies at play in various settings. We also show that some mobility patterns are related to characteristics of the new living environment of retirees, both in terms of housing and of ‘living space’. However, mobility patterns are not only influenced by the spatial context, but are also related to local social relations (family, friends, neighbourhood, etc.) </text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>accommodation</text>
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                <text>living environment</text>
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                <text>old people</text>
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                <text>residential mobility</text>
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                <text>retirees</text>
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                <text>retirement</text>
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                <text>habitat</text>
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                <text>logement</text>
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                <text>mobilité résidentielle</text>
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                <text>personnes âgées</text>
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                <text>retraite</text>
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                <text>retraités</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566620">
                <text>La mobilité résidentielle au milieu de la retraite : un cadre spatial structurant lié à des configurations sociales</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Espace populations sociétés</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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                <text>Harlan, Tyler</text>
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                <text>2009-12-01</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="566586">
                <text>Le développement du secteur privé est resté apathique dans l’Ouest chinois, où les minorités nationales constituent une part importante de la population. Au Nord-Ouest du pays, dans la Région Autonome Ouïghoure du Xinjiang, l’État maintient une présence solide dans le petit secteur privé, dont la croissance est animée surtout par des firmes et entrepreneurs d’origine Han. Les Ouïghours, une des quatorze minorités ethniques officiellement reconnues au Xinjiang, résident principalement dans le Sud agricole plus pauvre, où le secteur privé a encore peu pénétré. Sans surprise, les Ouïghours sont peu présents dans le secteur privé, si ce n’est dans le petit commerce informel. Ceci a des conséquences importantes pour les relations entre groupes ethniques dans une région déjà menacée par les tensions croissantes entre Han et Ouïghours. Les grandes émeutes d’Ürümqi en juillet 2009, déclenchées par des manifestations d’Ouïghours urbanisés, ont mis en valeur le fossé économique important existant entre les groupes ethniques. Cet article se penche sur les disparités dans le secteur privé en enquêtant sur deux questions liées l’une à l’autre : la concentration du secteur privé dans le Nord urbanisé du Xinjiang, et les niveaux de participation des Han et des Ouïghours. La conclusion qui s’impose est que la croissance et l’intégration de l’entreprenariat ouïghour dans le secteur privé sont essentielles pour assurer la stabilité interethnique dans la région. </text>
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                <text>Private sector development has been sluggish in China’s west, where ethnic minorities make up a sizeable part of the population. In the northwest Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, the state maintains a steady presence in the small but growing private sector, largely populated by Han-owned firms and entrepreneurs. The Uyghurs, one of fourteen recognised ethnic minorities in Xinjiang, primarily reside in the poorer agricultural south where the private sector has made few inroads. Not surprisingly, Uyghurs have little presence in the private sector beyond informal trade. This has considerable implications for ethnic relations in a region already threatened by rising Uyghur-Han tensions. Massive ethnic riots in Urumqi in July 2009, sparked by protests by urban Uyghurs, exemplify the significant economic gap between ethnic groups. This paper addresses this disparity in the private sector by investigating two related issues : private sector concentration in Xinjiang’s urban north and levels of participation between Han and Uyghur. It concludes that growth and integration of Uyghur entrepreneurs into the urban private sector forms a crucial step in maintaining ethnic stability in the region. </text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>entrepreneurship</text>
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                <text>private sector development</text>
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                <text>Uyghur</text>
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                <text>China</text>
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                <text>entreprenariat</text>
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                <text>Ouïghour</text>
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                <text>Private Sector Development in Xinjiang, China : A Comparison between Uyghur and Han</text>
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                <text>Le Blanc, Antoine</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2008-06-01</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Alors que la vulnérabilité sismique des villes dépend de très nombreux facteurs, cet article tente de montrer combien une certaine approche de la vulnérabilité est source d’inégalités socio-spatiales. Dans un contexte patrimonial, la volonté de conservation du centre historique d’une ville redéfinit les valeurs accordées aux différents bâtiments et quartiers. Il s’ensuit un rééquilibrage des politiques de gestion du risque au détriment de quartiers périphériques qui, pour des raisons historiques, géographiques et économiques, abritent des populations plus vulnérables. Le critère patrimonial devient alors un facteur d’amplification des inégalités, non seulement territoriales et socio-économiques, mais aussi sur le plan de la vulnérabilité sismique. Les villes italiennes de Noto et d’Assise illustrent diversement ces dynamiques. À Noto, les contrastes de gestion du risque sismique se répercutent sur les caractéristiques socio-économiques des quartiers et accentuent l’inégalité face au risque. Dans le cas d’Assise, de récentes évolutions des politiques de gestion du risque sont dues à la prise de conscience de ces inégalités et à la volonté de les réduire.  </text>
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                <text>Urban seismic vulnerability depends on several factors; this paper aims to demonstrate that a limited approach of vulnerability is at the origin of social and spatial inequality. Indeed, as the will to preserve the architectural heritage of urban historic centres leads to a new definition of the values given to the various buildings and urban areas, it entails specific risk management policies, favouring central areas at the expense of peripheral, poorer and more vulnerable areas. Thus, the conservation of architectural heritage leads to increasing territorial, social, and economic disparities, and to unequal seismic vulnerability management. These dynamics are analysed through the examples of two small Italian towns, Noto and Assisi. The contrasts of seismic risk management in Noto’s various urban areas lead to increasing social, spatial and economic inequality, whereas in Assisi, recent evolutions in urban policies are meant to counterbalance this trend. </text>
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                <text>Vulnérabilité sismique et inégalités socio-spatiales</text>
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                <text>Dos Santos, Stéphanie</text>
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                <text>En termes d’accès à l’eau potable, l’Afrique est la région du monde où les zones urbaines sont les plus mal loties, avec seulement la moitié de la population urbaine du continent qui y a accès. Dans ce contexte, Ouagadougou, la capitale du Burkina Faso, fait figure de contre-exemple. Dans cette ville, la desserte en eau potable s’étant inscrite comme un service public prioritaire depuis plus de 20 ans, 97 % des ménages déclarent s’approvisionner à une source d’eau potable. De ce fait, certains auteurs ont pu parler d’une véritable « institutionnalisation de la gestion partagée de la pénurie ». Pourtant, des indicateurs plus fins, tels que les distances parcourues ou les quantités utilisées pour les usages du ménage, montrent qu’il est difficile de conclure à l’équité en matière d’accès à l’eau au regard des enjeux socio-sanitaires que cet accès sous-entend.  </text>
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                <text>In terms of water access, African cities are the worst endowed in the world with less than half of their urban populations supplied by a clean water source. In view of the expected growth in urban populations, there is concern that the gap between the supply of and demand for clean water will widen. At first sight, Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso, portrays a counter example since 97% of the residents report having access to a source of clean water. In this city, an unusual and pragmatic approach called “shared water management” has been developed. Yet, by going beyond only the statistical measure of supply, more precisely providing for the means of water access, that is to say the distance or the time taken to collect water as well as the inherent costs in the purchase of water, inequality factors are then clearly visible.  </text>
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                <text>Burkina Faso</text>
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                <text>social and health issues</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Accès à l’eau et enjeux socio-sanitaires à Ouagadougou – Burkina Faso</text>
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                <text>Gold, Steven</text>
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                <text>Los Angeles, où vivent environ 26 000 Israéliens auto-identifiés, est une des plus dynamiques communautés d’émigrants israéliens. Cela inclut une économie ethnique très active et un grand nombre d’institutions tournées vers les besoins des émigrants. Le climat méditerranéen de la ville, son importance comme centre de media, les caractéristiques socio-économiques des immigrants, la diversité des communautés juives contribuent à la réussite sociale de ces émigrants et aux bonnes relations entre les migrants israéliens et leurs co-religionnaires américains. Cet article reposant sur des enquêtes de terrain examine les motivations de départ vers Los Angeles et les conditions de vie des immigrants israéliens. Il s’achève par une caractérisation du transnationalisme israélien, processus par lequel les Israéliens de Los Angeles maintiennent les liens sociaux, économiques et identitaires entre la Californie du Sud et leur pays d’origine. </text>
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                <text>Los Angeles, which is the home to approximately 26,000 self-identified Israelis, is one of the most dynamic Israeli emigrant communities. It includes an active ethnic economy and a variety of immigrant-oriented institutions. These are sustained by a number of factors, including the city’s Mediterranean climate, economic characteristics, visibility as a media center, diverse Jewish community, and good relations between Israeli emigrants and American co-religionists. Based upon in-depth interviews and fieldwork, this paper discusses Israelis’ reasons for moving to Los Angeles and their social, economic and communal lives. It concludes by identifying Israeli transnationalism, a process whereby Israelis in LA maintain ongoing social, economic and identificational links between Southern California and their country of origin. </text>
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                <text>transnationialism</text>
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                <text>Israéliens</text>
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                <text>Juifs</text>
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                <text>Los Angeles</text>
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                <text>migrations internationales</text>
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                <text>trans-nationalisme</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Jewish Israelis in Los Angeles</text>
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                <text>Monfroy, Brigitte</text>
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                <text>Barthon, Catherine</text>
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                <text>À partir d’une analyse systémique, cette étude se propose de rendre compte des relations d’interdépendance qui se tissent entre les éta-blissements scolaires d’un même espace local, ici la ville de Lille. Après avoir montré la. forte segmentation sociale organisant la répartition des élèves entre les collèges publics et privés locaux, l’observation des flux et des modes de répartition des élèves permet d’objectiver la hiérarchisation des établissements lillois en lien avec les choix et les perceptions des familles. Il apparaît alors que si les positions des collèges lillois renvoient de façon étroite à leurs caractéristiques sociales et scolaires, d’autres critères plus géographiques comme la localisation des établissements, leur densité, leur proximité ou leur distance spatiale sont aussi à prendre en compte. Les logiques sociospatiales à l’œuvre dans la répartition des élèves entre les collèges lillois obéissent au final à un modèle d’interdépendance complexe dont l’équilibre est rendu très instable par les dynamiques urbaines et les politiques scolaires locales.I </text>
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                <text>This article highlights social and school dynamics which organize the distribution of pupils in the secondary schools of the city of Lille. First having point up the local segregation existing between private an public schools, weexisting between private an public schools, we analyze the role of the parental choices and perceptions on the hierarchical organization of schools. Several factors can explain these choices such as social characteristics of pupils or school localization.  Moreover, it appears that this hierarchy also depends of the local urban dynamics and educative politics. In this “system”, the interdependence relationships between schools are very unsettled. </text>
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                <text>interdependence</text>
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                <text>Les espaces locaux d’interdépendance entre collèges :l’exemple de la ville de Lille</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="566392">
                <text>Oppenchaim, Nicolas</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="566393">
                <text>2009-04-01</text>
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                <text>Dans la plupart des travaux scientifiques, la ségrégation est envisagée prioritairement comme la concentration résidentielle de populations pauvres. Cet article a au contraire pour objectif d’étudier les déplacements quotidiens des habitants de Zones Urbaines Sensibles, afin d’enrichir la compréhension de la vie dans ces quartiers et d’interroger les possibles effets dé- ségrégationnistes de la mobilité. Cette question sera traitée ici à travers le cas spécifique des adolescents franciliens, dont la construction identitaire est intimement liée à la possibilité, en se déplaçant, de s’affranchir de la tutelle parentale et de découvrir des territoires jusque-là inconnus. La moindre disponibilité en temps, argent et voiture de leurs parents conduit alors les adolescents de ZUS à un programme d’activité moins riche, axé sur les visites amicales ou les achats, et à une concentration plus importante des déplacements autour du domicile. Les inégalités de genre sont cependant très marquées dans ces quartiers, car les filles se déplacent bien moins que les garçons, particulièrement en soirée, alors que ces derniers ont un usage plus précoce de l’autonomie dans les transports en commun comparativement aux autres quartiers. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566395">
                <text>In most of the previous studies on segregation, it is first and foremost considered to be the residential concentration of low income populations. In difference, this article is aimed at better documenting the daily mobility of residents of segregated neighbourhoods, so as to promote understanding of life in such places and to explore potential desegregation effects of increased mobility. This issue will be addressed here through the specific case of teenagers in the “Zones Urbaines Sensibles” (ZUS) of the Île-de-France region, whose identity development is strongly connected to the possibility, through mobility, of becoming free of parental supervision and to discover areas they are not yet familiar with. The slightest availability of time, money and of a car on the part of their parents leads teenagers of ZUS to a reduced activity schedule, centred on visits to friends, or on purchases, and to a higher concentration of move around the place of residence. However, in such areas, disparities by gender are very important in this regard, as girls move much less than boys, particularly in the evening, while the latter experiment at a younger age with personal autonomy in taking public transportation in comparison with the other districts. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="566396">
                <text>http://eps.revues.org/index4783.html</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566397">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566398">
                <text>adolescents</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566399">
                <text>autonomy</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566400">
                <text>daily mobility</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566401">
                <text>gender</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566402">
                <text>segregation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566403">
                <text>ZUS</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566404">
                <text>adolescents</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566405">
                <text>autonomie</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566406">
                <text>genre</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566407">
                <text>mobilités quotidiennes</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566408">
                <text>ségrégation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566409">
                <text>ZUS</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566410">
                <text>Mobilités quotidiennes et ségrégation : le cas des adolescents de Zones Urbaines Sensibles franciliennes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644298">
                  <text>Espace populations sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644299">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644300">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566316">
                <text>Caradec, Vincent</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566317">
                <text>2010-04-01</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566318">
                <text>Fondé sur les recherches menées dans le cadre du programme « Vieillissement de la population et habitat » du PUCA (Plan Urbanisme Construction Architecture), cet article vise à en dégager les principaux enseignements sur la question des comportements résidentiels des retraités. Cherchant à rompre avec la représentation stéréotypée de la vieillesse qui oppose les « jeunes seniors » très mobiles et les « personnes âgées dépendantes » hébergées en institution, il envisage les pratiques résidentielles des retraités dans leur diversité. Dans un premier temps, il met au jour la pluralité des comportements résidentiels à la retraite : mobilité choisie (qui, parallèlement à sa forme « classique », prend les deux formes nouvelles de la double résidence et de la mobilité internationale) ; stabilité résidentielle ; mobilité contrainte ; assignation à résidence ; incertitude résidentielle. Puis, il dégage cinq grandes logiques explicatives de ces comportements : la logique économique, la logique de santé, la logique familiale, la logique territoriale et la logique conjugale. Il examine ensuite comment ces comportements évoluent au fil de l’âge, puis souligne qu’ils dépendent des contextes nationaux et locaux dans lesquels ils s’inscrivent. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566319">
                <text>This paper presents and analyses the key outcomes of the PUCA (Urban Development and Architecture Plan led by the French Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Substainable Development and Sea) research programme “Ageing and Living” which deals with retired people housing experiences. The approach given here refuses the stereotypes of elderly as enterprising and travelling “young seniors” or as disabled elders leaving in care institution by considering the diversity of retiree’s living conditions. Firstly, we identify different kind of housing experiences: free housing mobility (included new forms of mobility emerging from the comings and goings between different residences and from international mobility); stable housing; constrained mobility; compulsory housing; uncertain housing. Secondly, we suggest that these experiences are related to five notable concerns: economic, health, family, territory, wedded. We finally examine to what extent the retiree’s housing experiences change as they get older and emphasize the impact of national and local contexts on these experiences.  </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566320">
                <text>http://eps.revues.org/index3897.html</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566321">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566322">
                <text>ageing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566323">
                <text>elderly</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566324">
                <text>housing experiences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566325">
                <text>mobility</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566326">
                <text>retired people</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566327">
                <text>comportements résidentiels</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566328">
                <text>mobilité résidentielle</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566329">
                <text>personnes âgées</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566330">
                <text>retraites</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566331">
                <text>vieillissement</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566332">
                <text>Les comportements résidentiels des retraités. Quelques enseignements du programme de recherche « Vieillissement de la population et habitat »</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566333">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="35840" public="1" featured="0">
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644298">
                  <text>Espace populations sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644299">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644300">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566298">
                <text>Schmitt, Bertrand</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566299">
                <text>Hilal, Mohamed</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566300">
                <text>Charlot, Sylvie</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566301">
                <text>2009-02-01</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566302">
                <text>L'objectif de ce papier est d’examiner le rôle de la périurbanisation dans le renforcement des disparités socio-spatiales au sein des agglomérations françaises. La littérature récente mettant en parallèle les phénomènes de périurbanisation et de ségrégation étaie l'hypothèse selon laquelle le mouvement de périurbanisation pourrait être une source importante de ségrégation. Nous construisons, sur la base des profils socioprofessionnels, un indicateur de disparités sociales qui permet d’identifier ces disparités au sein des aires urbaines en distinguant pôles urbains et couronnes périurbaines. L’analyse de l’évolution de cet indicateur entre les recensements de 1990 et 1999 permet d’observer la grande dispersion des degrés de ségrégation entre les agglomérations françaises. On observe également un fort lien entre la taille de l’agglomération et l’accroissement de la ségrégation dans la plupart des cas. On montre ensuite que, bien que les flux de périurbanisation pèsent peu au regard des migrations internes aux pôles urbains et qu’ils ne se différencient que légèrement selon les catégories sociales, l’intensité de la périurbanisation des cadres et des professions intermédiaires explique le degré de ségrégation sociale observé dans les agglomérations urbaines françaises. En revanche et bien que largement majoritaires, les mobilités résidentielles qui restent à l’intérieur des pôles urbains ne provoquent pas le tri social interne aux pôles urbains que l’on aurait pu attendre. Quand il a lieu, ce tri s’effectue donc principalement par extraction des pôles urbains des catégories sociales moyennes et supérieures. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566303">
                <text>This paper aims at assessing the effects of urban sprawl (urban spread or periurbanization) on socio-spatial inequalities within French cities. The recent literature linking urban spread and segregation highlights that the former may be an important source of the latter. We built a social inequality index that allows us to identify these inequalities within urban agglomerations, by distinguishing cities and their peripheries. This index is calculated for national censuses in both 1990 and 1999. We first note the large deviation of this segregation index among French agglomerations. We also observe a strong correlation between the agglomeration size and the increase of the segregation level. We then show that, despite the weakness of urban sprawl flows comparing to internal migrations within the centre, the urban spread of managers, professionals, technicians and associate professionals explains the degree of segregation observed in French cities either in 1999 or 1990. The residential migrations within the cities do not lead to a social sorting in these cities, as one could imagine since they represent the main flow of residential migrations. When it occurs, this sorting is mainly due to the leaving of the middle and upper classes from the city centre </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566304">
                <text>http://eps.revues.org/index3556.html</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566305">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566306">
                <text>french cities</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566307">
                <text>residential migrations</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566308">
                <text>urban segregation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566309">
                <text>urban spread</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566310">
                <text>migrations résidentielles</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566311">
                <text>péeriurbanisation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566312">
                <text>ségrégation urbaine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566313">
                <text>villes françaises</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566314">
                <text>La périurbanisation renforce-t-elle la ségrégation résidentielle urbaine en France ?</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="35836" public="1" featured="0">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644298">
                  <text>Espace populations sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644299">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644300">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566237">
                <text>David, Olivier</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566238">
                <text>2007-12-01</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566239">
                <text>La désynchronisation des temps sociaux, à l’œuvre depuis plusieurs décennies, a des répercussions importantes à tous les niveaux d’organisation de la société, et tout particulièrement au sein de la cellule familiale. À partir de plusieurs recherches récentes, il est possible de mettre en évidence les difficultés d’articulation des temps professionnels, familiaux et sociaux, et notamment les tensions existantes entre les activités parentales et les activités des enfants, ainsi que les contraintes qu’elles engendrent sur les modalités d’organisation interne à la famille.  </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566240">
                <text>The desynchronization of social times, at work for several decades, has had important repercussions on the organization of the society at all the levels, and particularly within ciety at all the levels, and particularly within the family. From several recent investigations, it is possible to describe the difficulties of articulation of professional, family and social times, and the tensions existing between the parental and children activities. The individualization of daily temporalities has many consequences on the everyday life of the families. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566241">
                <text>http://eps.revues.org/index2080.html</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566242">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566243">
                <text>daily territories</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566244">
                <text>family policies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566245">
                <text>Ille-et-Vilaine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566246">
                <text>Libournais</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566247">
                <text>social times</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566248">
                <text>département d’Ille-et-Vilaine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566249">
                <text>Pays du Libournais</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566250">
                <text>politiques familiales</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566251">
                <text>temps sociaux</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="566252">
                <text>territoires du quotidien</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="566253">
                <text>Vie familiale, vie professionnelle : une articulation sous tension</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Espace populations sociétés</text>
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                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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                <text>Tout projet de développement hydraulique s’accompagne d’importants bouleversements et revivifie la question des maladies hydriques. Il s'agit de comprendre un système eau/santé qui se modifie à mesure qu'il est observé. Nous nous sommes donc placée au cœur de la ville principale de Chennai, la première à restructurer toute son hydraulique urbaine. L'intérêt a été recentré autour de trois maladies traceuses - le choléra O139, la leptospirose humaine, la dengue- et leurs temps d'apparition particuliers. Elle se situent aux différents stades du système d'alimentation en eau domestique (desserte - évacuation - stockage) et résument avant tout ce qui s'est passé au cours des années 90. Au-delà, ces trois maladies posent clairement la question de la modification de la responsabilité des différents acteurs en présence et du risque épidémique lui-même. Elles vont en fait trouver dans les stratégies hydrauliques et les améliorations sanitaires de Chennai, les conditions propices à leur recrudescence intra-urbaine.  </text>
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                <text>Every hydraulic development project implies important changes and raises the question of water-borne diseases. The primary objective is to understand a water/health system which changes as it is observed. We therefore chose to work on the case of the major city of Chennai, the first to restructure its entire urban water system. The study is centred on three traceable diseases – O139 cholera, human leptospirosis and dengue fever – and the specific moments at which they appear. They are located at different points of the domestic water provision process (supply, evacuation, storage) and, above all, they reflect the events of the 1990s'. Beyond all that, these three diseases raise the question of the responsibilities of the various players and, indeed, of the epidemic risk itself. In fact, the ideal conditions for fresh outbreaks are to be found in the hydraulic strategies and sanitation improvements of the city of Chennai itself.  </text>
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                <text>Un bien pour un mal... des améliorations sanitaires pernicieuses : eau, choléra, leptospirose humaine et dengue à Chennai, Inde</text>
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