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                <text>Saunier, Pierre-Yves</text>
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                <text>Si des travaux récents nous ont apporté des enseignements nombreux sur le fonctionnement de l'institution policière en France à l'époque contemporaine, de nombreuses zones d'ombre subsistent encore, qu'il s'agisse de l'analyse des personnels ou du fonctionnement des polices locales. Cet article souhaite quant à lui explorer une autre direction en se posant la question du rapport entre la police et la ville, et plus largement encore entre la police et l'espace. Comment l'institution policière réagit-elle à la croissance urbaine, comment tente-t-elle d'organiser la surveillance des territoires placées sous sa juridiction, telles seront les questions essentielles qui seront posées à partir de l'exemple de Lyon. Ce choix est justifié par le fait que c'est dans cette ville jugée trublionne par tous les régimes que va en effet être mise en place en 1851 la première police d'Etat en dehors de Paris. Le cas lyonnais peut donc être considéré comme un cas d'école, un laboratoire où se mettent en place les méthodes de la police nationale, dans la rivalité entre un pouvoir municipal qui paye le maintien de l'ordre et un pouvoir central qui assure celui-ci. C'est ce que l'on tentera de suivre ici sur le plan de l'organisation spatiale, avec une insistance tout particulière sur la deuxième moitié du XIX° siècle.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/00/34/84/PDF/Ihesi_police_version_longue.pdf</text>
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                <text>Maintien de l'ordre et contrôle de l'espace urbain au XIX° siècle: le cas de Lyon</text>
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                <text>Bien attestée par les sources antiques, la ville de Luteva est pourtant mal documentée par l'archéologie. L'apport de récentes observations de terrain donne ici l'occasion de reprendre systématiquement le corpus des données pour étudier l'extension de la zone urbanisée et l'implantation de l'agglomération antique. La place et le rôle de la ville sont alors envisagés dans le territoire de la Cité et au sein de la province de Narbonnaise. Répondant à une géopolitique forte du pouvoir colonial dont les fondements demeurent cependant obscurs, la ville connaît, après son élévation au rang de colonie latine, une destinée longue de capitale que vient consacrer, dès la fin de l'Antiquité, l'accueil d'un siège épiscopal.</text>
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                <text>Revue archéologique de Narbonnaise</text>
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                <text>Revue archéologique de Narbonnaise</text>
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                <text>Revue archéologique de Narbonnaise</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory</text>
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                <text>archéologie urbaine</text>
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                <text>Mais où est donc Luteva ? ou géopolitique d'une capitale improbable</text>
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                <text>Mais où va la ville populaire ?</text>
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                <text>banlieue, quartier populaire, Seine-Saint-Denis, gentrification</text>
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Patrick Braouzec, 
Jean Viard</text>
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Mars 2012

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Editions de l'Aube

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128</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Qu'est devenu l'ancien monde ouvrier ? O&amp;ugrave; sont pass&amp;eacute;es les banlieues rouges ? O&amp;ugrave; est le peuple ? Telles sont les questions auxquelles ce livre tente de r&amp;eacute;pondre &amp;agrave; partir de l'&amp;eacute;volution de la plaine Saint-Denis et d'Aubervilliers, hauts lieux industriels aujourd'hui r&amp;eacute;organis&amp;eacute;s autour du Stade de France et de Roissy. Fallait-il &amp;quot;bobo&amp;iuml;ser&amp;quot; plus vite ces communes proches de Paris en chassant les enfants des milieux populaires, ou reconstruire lentement de la ville populaire sur la ville populaire ? Et les politiques de la ville men&amp;eacute;es depuis vingt-cinq ans ont-elles eu un impact positif, ou faut-il les r&amp;eacute;inventer ? Un essai qui raconte un terrain et qui propose de la politique.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Patrick Braouezec&lt;/b&gt; est d&amp;eacute;put&amp;eacute; de Seine-Saint-Denis et pr&amp;eacute;sident de l'agglom&amp;eacute;ration de Plaine Commune. &lt;br /&gt;
Il est ici interrog&amp;eacute; par &lt;b&gt;Jean Viard&lt;/b&gt;, sociologue, directeur de recherches CNRS, avec la complicit&amp;eacute; de Franck Vall&amp;eacute;rugo, professeur &amp;agrave; l'ESSEC.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Alpi, Frédéric</text>
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                <text>Les écrivains de l'Antiquité tardive n'abordent pas directement la question de l'habitat privé. De plus, leur orientation religieuse et leur fidélité aux normes rhétoriques déterminent les informations qu'ils pourraient fournir. Principal représentant du paganisme finissant, Libanios reste ainsi profondément tributaire de la pensée classique, qui subordonne la sphère domestique à la vie publique et ne conçoit la maison particulière que dans son rapport à la cité. Les</text>
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                <text>HAURAN V&lt;br /&gt;Déterminismes géographiques et communautés humaines en Syrie du Sud&lt;br /&gt;du néolithique à l'antiquité tardive.&lt;br /&gt;Recherches récentes</text>
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Shlomo Angel et al.

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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
In a rapidly urbanizing world -- over half the world&amp;rsquo;s population lives in urban areas, including many millions in informal settlement -- the large cities of the developing world in particular are expanding. Yet there is little in the way of planning and preparation for this explosive growth in urban population. Making Room for a Planet of Cities is a comprehensive and original analysis of the quantitative dimensions of past, present, and future global urban land cover, culminating in a proposed new paradigm for preparing for explosive growth in cities the world over. Carefully selected metrics measured in four new data sets with ArcGIS software provide a comprehensive and consistent global and historical perspective on urban expansion. These data sets are:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. The built-up areas of a global sample of 120 cities with 100,000 people or more, 1990 and 2000, based on satellite images;&lt;br /&gt;
2. Historic population density data in digital images for 20 U. S. cities, 1910&amp;ndash;2000, based on census tracts;&lt;br /&gt;
3. Built-up areas of a representative global sample of 30 cities, 1800&amp;ndash;2000, from the set of 120 cities based on historic maps; and&lt;br /&gt;
4. Urban land cover areas of the universe of 3,646 cities that had populations of 100,000 or more in 2000, based on satellite images.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The key findings show that on average, densities in developing countries are double those in Europe and Japan, and densities in Europe and Japan are double those of the United States, Canada, and Australia; and that on average, the annual growth rate of urban land cover was twice that of the urban population between 1990 and 2000. Most of the cities studied expanded their built-up area more than 16-fold in the twentieth century. At present rates of density decline, the world&amp;rsquo;s urban population is expected to double in 43 years, while urban land cover will double in only 19 years. The urban population of the developing countries is expected to double between 2000 and 2030 while the built-up area of their cities can be expected to triple.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The research suggests that preparation for the sustainable growth of cities in rapidly urbanizing countries should be grounded in four key components: the realistic projections of urban land needs; generous metropolitan limits; selective protection of open space; and an arterial grid of roads spaced one kilometer apart that can support transit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Making Room for a Planet of Cities provides both the conceptual framework and, for the first time, the basic empirical data and quantitative dimensions of past, present, and future urban expansion in cities around the world that are necessary for making minimal preparations for the massive urban growth expected in the coming decades.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Shlomo Angel &lt;/b&gt;is Adjunct Professor of Urban Planning at the Wagner School, New York University.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Atlas of Urban Expansion&lt;/a&gt;'.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Since the late 1980s, much research has been devoted to the strategies that families use in France to avoid sending their children to the public schools assigned to them by the carte scolaire, which defines school districts. But while there is substantial sociological literature on the different criteria of family choices, relatively little has been said so far about how the geographic location of the school and its implantation in a given space influence these choices. In order to examine the specific effects that the spatial aspect (location) of the education offer has on differentiating education practices within the same social category, it seems necessary to understand first of all how social practices are adapted to different contexts. Too often sociologists tend to consider the factor of social origin alone, or focus on a simple correlation of variables, such as the educational level or income level of parents. However, as Pierre Bourdieu has shown, it is above all a comprehension of the distribution structure of economic and cultural capital that makes it possible to understand the differentiation in schooling practices. This article explores the hypothesis that education strategies can only be really understood if one analyses how families - depending on the economic and cultural capital they possess - can adapt their strategies to an education offer that has specific socio-spatial characteristics. This article presents the results of a survey that was conducted in a community selected for its exemplary characteristics; the questionnaire distributed to parents of students entering Grade 6 thus made it possible to test the hypothesis of how families adjust to educational provision, depending on the distribution of the capital (economic and cultural) they possess.</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Environment and race at the intersection of city, suburb, and country.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; In the first book-length scholarly study of the San Fernando Valley&amp;mdash; home to one-third of the population of Los Angeles&amp;mdash;Laura R. Barraclough combines ambitious historical sweep with an on-theground investigation of contemporary life in this iconic western suburb. She is particularly intrigued by the Valley&amp;rsquo;s many rural elements, such as dirt roads, tack-and-feed stores, horse-keeping districts, citrus groves, and movie ranches. Far from natural or undeveloped spaces, these rural characteristics are, she shows, the result of deliberate urban planning decisions that have shaped the Valley over the course of more than a hundred years.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The Valley&amp;rsquo;s entwined history of urban development and rural preservation has real ramifications today for patterns of racial and class inequality and especially for the evolving meaning of whiteness. Immersing herself in meetings of homeowners&amp;rsquo; associations, equestrian organizations, and redistricting committees, Barraclough uncovers the racial biases embedded in rhetoric about &amp;ldquo;open space&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;western heritage.&amp;rdquo; The Valley&amp;rsquo;s urban cowboys enjoy exclusive, semirural landscapes alongside the opportunities afforded by one of the world&amp;rsquo;s largest cities. Despite this enviable position, they have at their disposal powerful articulations of both white victimization and, with little contradiction, color-blind politics.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Laura R. Barraclough&lt;/b&gt; is an assistant professor of sociology at Kalamazoo College.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>Cette communication s'attache à analyser les distorsions qui existent donc entre les modèles proposés et les réalisations effectives sur le terrain, mais aussi à mettre en évidence les conséquences que cela peut avoir sur le devenir des villes . Il s'agit d'étudier les décalages entre la ville planifiée et la ville vraiment fabriquée, entre la ville théorisée et la ville réelle. L'étude de ces décalages vise, plus largement, à définir des outils pour une meilleure connaissance des mutations et des dynamiques urbaines. Loin de la recherche de modèles, cette contribution cherche à montrer, dans le cadre de cette rencontre scientifique, que des exemples pris à d'autres époques et dans d'autres espaces peuvent donner des pistes de réflexion et des points de comparaison pour mieux appréhender certains phénomènes plus contemporains.</text>
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Septembre 2009

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L'Harmattan

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Fond&amp;eacute;e par les Anglais, colonis&amp;eacute;e par l'Espagne, Malabo fit venir des Europ&amp;eacute;ens, des Cubains, des Africains continentaux. Au cours du XXe si&amp;egrave;cle, les Bubis, natifs de l'&amp;icirc;le, et les Fangs vinrent peupler les faubourgs de la future capitale de la Guin&amp;eacute;e &amp;eacute;quatoriale et v&amp;eacute;ritable Babel moderne.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Au d&amp;eacute;but des ann&amp;eacute;es 1990, l'exploitation des gisements d'hydrocarbure fait couler l'argent &amp;agrave; flot. Mais derri&amp;egrave;re cette success-story se cache un ch&amp;ocirc;mage massif, des bidonvilles, avec une d&amp;eacute;mocratie en berne et une corruption extr&amp;ecirc;me. Que penser de ce d&amp;eacute;veloppement chaotique ?&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Samuel Denantes Teulade&lt;/b&gt; est dipl&amp;ocirc;m&amp;eacute; de la Sorbonne en histoire et en g&amp;eacute;opolitque&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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Septembre-octobre 2012

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Place Publique

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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Extrait de l'&amp;eacute;dito :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
De la haute couture, de la chirurgie de pr&amp;eacute;cision : oui, Malakoff / Pr&amp;eacute;-Gauchet est r&amp;eacute;ellement un grand projet de ville.&lt;br /&gt;
A force de jongler avec les sigles, les &amp;eacute;lus, les professionnels de la ville &amp;ndash; urbanistes, chercheurs, architectes, promoteurs &amp;ndash; s&amp;rsquo;exposent &amp;agrave; ne plus pr&amp;ecirc;ter toute l&amp;rsquo;attention requise au sens des mots.&lt;br /&gt;
Tenez, GPV. GPV, pour Grand Projet de Ville, avec une majuscule &amp;agrave; chaque mot, une proc&amp;eacute;dure de requalification &amp;ndash; comme on dit &amp;ndash; urbaine, un dispositif administratif qui aide &amp;agrave; faire du neuf avec du vieux, enfin, pas tant que cela, puisque ce vieux ne date, apr&amp;egrave;s tout, que des ann&amp;eacute;es 1960-1970...&lt;br /&gt;
Eh bien, chaque terme compte. &amp;laquo; Grand &amp;raquo;, c&amp;rsquo;est-&amp;agrave;-dire ambitieux, le contraire d&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;triqu&amp;eacute;. &amp;laquo; Projet &amp;raquo;, parce qu&amp;rsquo;il s&amp;rsquo;agit bien de se projeter dans l&amp;rsquo;avenir, pas de se laisser aller au fil de l&amp;rsquo;eau. &amp;laquo; Ville &amp;raquo;, car il ne devrait pas &amp;ecirc;tre seulement question de tel ou tel quartier &amp;laquo; sensible &amp;raquo; ou &amp;laquo; difficile &amp;raquo;, mais de la ville tout enti&amp;egrave;re, comme un corps avec ses pleins et ses creux, ses plaies et ses bosses, ses articulations, ses nerfs, ses muscles, son histoire, sa forme.&lt;br /&gt;
De ce point de vue, Malakoff / Pr&amp;eacute;-Gauchet est bien un difficile, un beau, un grand projet de ville que nous passons au triple tamis de l&amp;rsquo;histoire, des t&amp;eacute;moignages, de l&amp;rsquo;analyse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Sommaire du n&amp;deg; 35 de Place Publique :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
HISTOIRE&lt;br /&gt;
Dominique Amouroux - Singulier depuis sa naissance&lt;br /&gt;
Paul Cloutour - Politique de la ville : un si long chemin&lt;br /&gt;
Anne Boss&amp;eacute;, &amp;Eacute;lisabeth Pasquier - Construire une mosqu&amp;eacute;e, se faire une place dans la ville&lt;br /&gt;
Goulven Boudic - Trente ans d&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;lections dans un quartier populaire&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
T&amp;Eacute;MOIGNAGES&lt;br /&gt;
Hugo Chereul - Six ans prof dans le coll&amp;egrave;ge moribond&lt;br /&gt;
Ghislaine Leloup - &amp;laquo; J&amp;rsquo;ai eu 20 ans dans un gros village &amp;raquo;&lt;br /&gt;
Patrick Devenyns - &amp;laquo; Moi, je suis accept&amp;eacute; et prot&amp;eacute;g&amp;eacute; par le territoire &amp;raquo;&lt;br /&gt;
Jean-Paul Davois - Un op&amp;eacute;ra au bistrot de la rue d&amp;rsquo;Angleterre&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ANALYSE&lt;br /&gt;
Jean-Louis Violeau, G&amp;eacute;rard P&amp;eacute;not - &amp;laquo; La ville se con&amp;ccedil;oit &amp;agrave; partir du pi&amp;eacute;ton &amp;raquo;&lt;br /&gt;
Laurent Devisme - Le clos et l&amp;rsquo;ouvert&lt;br /&gt;
Goulven Boudic - Le nouveau coll&amp;egrave;ge ou les ambigu&amp;iuml;t&amp;eacute;s de la mixit&amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
Pierre-Arnaud Barthel - Un bon &amp;eacute;l&amp;egrave;ve dans le paysage de la r&amp;eacute;novation urbaine&lt;br /&gt;
Renaud Epstein - &amp;laquo; La r&amp;eacute;novation urbaine, c&amp;rsquo;est fini ! &amp;raquo;&lt;br /&gt;
Patrick Rimbert - &amp;laquo; Le droit d&amp;rsquo;habiter dans un endroit digne &amp;raquo;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Was Malthus in the right? 

What can we think of Malthus' essay published in 1798 and which pretended that the situation of the world was dramatic because of the increase of the population which was much stronger and quicker than the growth of subsistences? Today, there are parts of the world where the population is stagnant and other parts where the population is rapidly growing. But increase of population must slow down progressively in the future. The situation is not the same for the whole world; the general progress of agriculture and of technics and of foreign interrelations have changed the basic data of the problem. Nevertheless the states where the global increase of population is the highest and on the other hand the lowest individual income, are the same. Africa is the continent where the situation is the worst; at the opposite, the wealthiest countries are those where the population has ceased to develop. What are the relations between those two kinds of countries ? Are there some means to equilibrate population and resources? </text>
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                <text>Que penser de l'essai que Malthus publia en 1798 et dans lequel il prétendait que la situation du monde était dramatique parce que l'accroissement de la population était plus fort et plus rapide que celui des subsistances ? Aujourd'hui, dans une partie du monde la population est stagnante, dans l'autre elle s'accroît rapidement. Mais l'accroissement démographique doit se réduire progressivement dans l'avenir. La situation varie d'une partie du monde à l'autre ; les progrès de l'agriculture, des techniques et des relations internationales ont changé les données de base du problème. Néanmoins, c'est dans les mêmes états que l'on trouve les croissances démographiques les plus fortes et les niveaux de revenus les plus bas. L'Afrique est le continent où la situation est la plus dramatique, à l'opposé, les pays les plus riches sont ceux dont la population a cessé d'augmenter. Quelles sont les relations entre ces deux types de pays ? Existe-t-il des moyens d'équilibrer populations et ressources ?</text>
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                <text>Beaujeu-Garnier Jacqueline. Malthus avait-il raison ?. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1989-3. Spécial numéro vingt - Special twentieth issue. pp. 305-315.</text>
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                <text>Extract from the preface by Otto F. Kraushaar:   &amp;nbsp; The essays which make up this colume represent the thoughtful efforts of a number of distinguished specialists to examine afresh the implications of urbanism for modern man. They were presented during the academic year 1959-1960 as the principal event among those held in celebration of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the founding of Goucher College... &amp;nbsp; Five questions were carefully selected and structured to show the interrelationships of what the College considered the basic forces and questions influencing urbanism in America today, with the aim of developing a relevant new way of thinking about and acting on the development of the city. These five questions - The city today : Protector or Destroyer?; The suburbs : Paradise regained?; The coming urban technology : Master or servant?; The emerging American city : What are the economic, social and political choices?; The humane city : Can we plan for it? - became the framework within which the essays in this volume were presented and discussed. &amp;nbsp; Contents :  &amp;nbsp; Preface - Otto F. Krauschaar Introduction The limitations of utilitarianism as a basis for determining urban joy - John Ely Burchard The city image - Edmund N. Bacon The promise of the city - Lawrence K. Frank The anti-city - William H. Whyte Living with the coming urban technology - Richard L. Meier The challenge of the city to the liberal arts college - Richard C. Lee Continuing education for urbanism - Eugene I. Johnson The American suburb : Boy's town in a man's world? - Robert C. Wood Suburbia reconsidered : Diversity and the creative life - Dorothy Lee &amp;nbsp; The late Elizabeth Geen was Dean and Professor of English at Goucher College The late Jeanne R. Lowe was a journalist and writer on urban affairs and a senior fellow and lecturer at the Urban Center of New York University. Kenneth Walker is Professor Emeritus of History at Goucher College. &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; </text>
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                <text>Alonso, in a seminal paper written in 1971 develops the following argument: urban benefits increase with city size in a less than proportional way. Urban costs increase with city size in a more than proportional way. There comes a point where urban costs are greater than urban benefits: this point defines an optimal size. Beyond that point, cities are too big.  This view completely omits a key factor: urban management. Urban benefits and urban costs are not merely a function of city size. The...</text>
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                <text>Megacities of over 10 million population are a phenomenon not seen before in human history. Among 19 Megacities, 14 are in developing countries and 11 are in Asia. Dhaka represents one of the most extreme examples of rapid Megacity growth having a mere 129,000 at the start of the 20th century, 417,000 by 1950 and more than 12 million in 2001. How can a city be governed that has increased 30 times in size over a person’s lifetime? This thesis makes a case for integrated Metropolitan Regional Governance (MRG) of the Extended Metropolitan Region of Dhaka. The growing problems of Asian Megacities in general and Dhaka in particular are outlined, showing how governance has developed in a sectoral and national way rather than being place oriented. This has fractured and become totally inadequate as a means of solving the deep environmental, social and economic problems of the Megacity. The governance issues of Megacities are traced to the primary problem of the need for integrative functions in strategic and statutory planning as well as development facilitation of the Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR). Ten core principles of Metropolitan Regional Governance are established. Without this, the Megacity’s functions of infrastructure, investment, housing, environmental management, employment etc. are not coordinated or prioritised in ways that lead to ‘common good’ sustainability outcomes. The ten principles are applied to four Asian Megacities – Metro-Manila, Tokyo, Bangkok and Jakarta – to confirm their relevance and application before applying them to Dhaka. The problems of Dhaka are outlined then an analysis of Dhaka governance options is attempted based on the ten core principles of MRG. Four possibilities are analysed and a way forward is suggested combining the options. The proposed structure will build on the present system with greater responsibilities for strategic planning, statutory planning and development facilitation. It will also build up municipalities through a more transparent and engaged local planning process and create partnerships for infrastructure development. The proposed governance structure would use the dynamism of the Megacity to create sustainable solutions and hope for the future of the city. The key to implementation will be finding the political solution to make such painful change, and training professionals in the broad integrative skills of urban sustainability and community engagement that are required for the region as well as the participation and partnership skills at local level.</text>
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                <text>http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/330</text>
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                <text>Managing megacities : A case study of metropolitan regional governance for Dhaka</text>
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Samuel Zipp

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Oxford University Press USA 

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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Moving beyond the usual good-versus-evil story that pits master-planner Robert Moses against the plucky neighborhood advocate Jane Jacobs, Samuel Zipp sheds new light on the rise and fall of New York's urban renewal in the decades after World War II. Focusing on four iconic &amp;quot;Manhattan projects&amp;quot;--the United Nations building, Stuyvesant Town, Lincoln Center, and the great swaths of public housing in East Harlem--Zipp unearths a host of forgotten stories and characters that flesh out the conventional history of urban renewal. He shows how boosters hoped to make Manhattan the capital of modernity and a symbol of American power, but even as the builders executed their plans, a chorus of critics revealed the dark side of those Cold War visions, attacking urban renewal for perpetuating deindustrialization, racial segregation, and class division; for uprooting thousands, and for implanting a new, alienating cityscape. Cold War-era urban renewal was not merely a failed planning ideal, Zipp concludes, but also a crucial phase in the transformation of New York into both a world city and one mired in urban crisis.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Samuel Zipp &lt;/b&gt;is Assistant Professor of American Civilization and Urban Studies at Brown University.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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28 avril 2009

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Conseil de l'Europe

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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
La premi&amp;egrave;re Charte urbaine europ&amp;eacute;enne, adopt&amp;eacute;e en 1992 par le Congr&amp;egrave;s des pouvoirs locaux et r&amp;eacute;gionaux du Conseil de l'Europe, engageait une d&amp;eacute;marche pionni&amp;egrave;re en Europe et marquait une &amp;eacute;tape importante de la reconnaissance du fait urbain dans le d&amp;eacute;veloppement de nos soci&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute;s. Depuis lors, nos soci&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute;s, nos &amp;eacute;conomies et nos cultures ont connu des changements profonds. Dans un contexte de mutations acc&amp;eacute;l&amp;eacute;r&amp;eacute;es et de d&amp;eacute;veloppement sans pareil de l'urbanisation, les villes sont d&amp;eacute;sormais expos&amp;eacute;es &amp;agrave; des d&amp;eacute;fis d'une ampleur jamais rencontr&amp;eacute;e.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
La Charte urbaine europ&amp;eacute;enne II - Manifeste pour une nouvelle urbanit&amp;eacute;, adopt&amp;eacute;e en mai 2008, vient compl&amp;eacute;ter et actualiser la premi&amp;egrave;re contribution du Congr&amp;egrave;s et propose une nouvelle culture de la vie urbaine qui encourage les territoires europ&amp;eacute;ens &amp;agrave; b&amp;acirc;tir une ville durable. Le Manifeste d&amp;eacute;gage un ensemble de principes et de concepts partag&amp;eacute;s qui permettent aux villes et &amp;agrave; leurs habitants de faire face aux d&amp;eacute;fis urbains contemporains. II est une invitation aux collectivit&amp;eacute;s locales, dans toute leur diversit&amp;eacute; et dans le partage des valeurs europ&amp;eacute;ennes, &amp;agrave; mettre en oeuvre dans leurs politiques publiques les principes d'une gouvernance &amp;eacute;thique, du d&amp;eacute;veloppement durable et d'une plus grande solidarit&amp;eacute;. Ce Manifeste transmet un message ambitieux et exigeant aux citadins et &amp;agrave; tous les acteurs du devenir urbain.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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