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                <text>Paris, Octavie</text>
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                <text>En évoquant le thème du logement des classes les plus pauvres du Brésil, l’automatisme est souvent celui de penser à la favela, image urbaine faisant partie du paysage urbain brésilien ancré dans l’imaginaire collectif (ou crée par les médias et les discours politiques notamment). Sans dire que les problématiques liées au thème de la favela aient été épuisées par les recherches en sciences sociales, il apparaît intéressant d’étudier d’autres formes d’habitat populaire se développant dans les grandes villes brésiliennes, parmi elles, le cortiço.  Cet article s’appliquera à proposer non pas une définition précise et finie du cortiço, [cela serait bien difficile] mais plutôt une présentation de cet habitat, par l’étude des cortiços d’un quartier du centre de la ville de São Paulo : Bela Vista. Après une mise en contexte de la réalité urbaine du cortiço, il s’agira de souligner en deux temps, son « invisibilité » tant à l’échelle du bâti même, au sens physique donc, de l’inscription dans le paysage urbain de la ville et à moindre échelle du quartier ; mais aussi au sens figuré du terme de par l’organisation même de l’économie d’un cortiço. Sera empruntée, pour ce faire, la notion de « régime de visibilité » à Lévy et Lussault, en soulignant les spécificités de ce mode d’habiter qu’est le cortiço. </text>
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                <text>Referring to the Brazilian poorest classes housing topic, the automatism frequently is to think about the favela, urban image which belongs to the Brazilian urban landscape settled in the collective imaginary (or created by Medias and political discourses).  Far from saying that the issues about the favela’s topic have been exhaustively studied by social science research, it seems interesting to study others popular modes of living which are present in large Brazilian cities, among them, the cortiço one.  This article will try to propose, not a precise and finished cortiço’s definition [too hard to do for various reasons] but rather a presentation of this housing by the cortiços’ study of a central neighborhood of São Paulo city: Bela Vista. After the cortiço’s urban reality contextualization, will be underlined, with two steps : its “invisibility” both at the building, in the physical sense so, of its inscription in the city urban landscape and at lesser scale in the neighborhood landscape, both at the figurative sense by the own cortiço’s economy organization. For this purpose, the notion of “regime of visibility” will be borrowed to Lévy and Lussault, enhancing the specificities of this mode of housing that is the cortiço. </text>
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                <text>Ao evocar o tema da moradia das camadas as mais pobres do Brasil, a ideia mais recorrida é, muitas vezes, a de pensar na favela, imagem urbana formando parte da paisagem urbana brasileira ancorada no imaginário coletivo (ou criado pela mídia e pelos discursos políticos).  Sem querer dizer que as problemáticas ligadas ao tema da favela tenham sido esgotadas pelas pesquisas em ciências sociais, também nos parece interessante estudar outras formas de moradia popular que se desenvolvem nas grandes cidades brasileiras, dentre as quais, o cortiço.  Esse artigo não tentará propor, uma definição precisa e terminada do cortiço, [que seria bem dificil] mas uma apresentação dessa moradia pelo estudo dos cortiços de um bairro do centro da cidade de São Paulo : Bela Vista. Após uma contextualização da realidade urbana do cortiço, tentaremos enfatiza-lo em dois tempos, o da sua “invisibilidade” tanto na escala do construído, no sentido físico então, da sua inscrição na paisagem urbana da cidade quanto na escala menor do bairro ; mas também o do sentido figurado do termo pela organização própria da economia do cortiço. Para isso emprestamos a noção de « regime de visibilidade » de Lévy e Lussault, enfatizando as especificidades daquele modo de morar que é o cortiço. </text>
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                <text>http://confins.revues.org/8267</text>
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                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.8267</text>
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                <text>centre-ville</text>
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                <text>cortiço</text>
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                <text>habitat populaire</text>
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                <text>invisibilité</text>
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                <text>centro</text>
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                <text>moradia popular</text>
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                <text>(In)visibilité des classes pauvres en ville par le prisme des cortiços paulistes au Brésil</text>
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                <text>Souza, Charles Benedito Gemaque</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2009-03-20</text>
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                <text>L'espace considéré comme historiquement produit par l'homme dans le fait d'organiser tant politique qu'économiquement sa société; c'est l'afirmation qui distingue les oeuvres de Henri Lefebvre. Il s'occupe d'un essai concret de retourner à dialetique de Marx, mais sans le dogmatisme et les oppressions qui sont caractéristique d'autres interprétations de matérialiste. Pourtant, le présent de la réflexion de cet auteur inhérente à l' urbanisation de l'espace amazonique et dans l'attribution avec son espace social présent dans le quotidien de Belém permet l'exercice de la reconnaissance de validité d'une telle pensée avec l’appehension de la complexité de la ville dans l’Amazonie. </text>
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                <text>The space considered as historically produced by man in organizing both political and economical his society; this is the affirmation that distinguishes Henri Lefebvre masterpieces. It deals with a concrete attempt in returning to the Marx dialectic, but without the dogmatism the characteristic oppressions concerning other materialist interpretations. However, the present time of the actor reflection inherent to the Amazon urban space and in assignment with its socio-spatial presented in Belém day-to-day allows the exercise of the validity acknowledgment of such thought along with apprehension of the Amazon city complexity. </text>
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                <text>O espaço considerado como historicamente produzido pelo homem à medida que organiza política e economicamente a sua sociedade, esta é a afirmação que distingue o conjunto das obras de Henri Lefebvre. Trata-se de uma tentativa concreta de retornar à dialética de Marx, contudo sem os dogmatismos e as opressões características de outras interpretações marxistas. Nessa acepção, a atualidade das reflexões do autor em relação à realidade do contexto urbano na Amazônia e, designadamente, com as contradições espaciais presentes no cotidiano de Belém permite um exercício de reconhecimento da validade deste pensamento para apreensão da complexidade das cidades Amazônicas. </text>
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                <text>http://confins.revues.org/5633</text>
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                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.5633</text>
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                <text>Dialectics</text>
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                <text>Henri Lefebvre</text>
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                <text>A contribuição de Henri Lefebvre para reflexão do espaço urbano da Amazônia</text>
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                <text>Melara, Eliane</text>
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                <text>Violence and criminality are wide themes and, according to the approach used, can be explained in different ways. In this work the subject of criminal violence was prioritized, with attention to the mapping of information. Our intention in this analysis was to problematize the differentiated distribution of criminal occurrences in the urban space of a middle sized city in the South of Brazil - Santa Maria, focusing on how the different crime types are distributed around the neighborhoods of the city, considering socio-economic characteristics. Methodologically, we have used the mapping of data provided by IBGE and information about criminal occurrences obtained from the military brigade of Rio Grande do Sul State. We have also made use of reports from diverse participants in the city, as their positioning was important to help us understand the dynamics of criminal violence. Our results indicate that the criminal occurrences related to drug traffic concentrate in an area where the levels of income and education are low.  However, many drug dealers and consumers are residents of other parts of the city and are characterized by belonging to different social classes, even if this information does not appear very frequently in the statistics. Moreover, we have observed that, departing from this type of crime, others also occur, such as robberies, thefts, and assaults. We have also verified that crimes against the person, in a general way, are distributed differentially from crimes against property; and that in many cases this differentiation may be related to social, economic and urban infrastructure factors of the neighborhood. It is important to add that the occurrence of some crime types has followed specific patterns. Thus, in this study, there was a need to question: the data sources researched, the reason for the differentiated occurrence of crimes in the neighborhoods, possible victims and aggressors, why some crimes had bigger visibility than others, what is the relationship with the social inequalities, what is the analysis about white-collar crimes, etc. Finally, with this article, we aimed at contributing to the study of the types of violence that cover the Brazilian middle cities, through one of the many ways in which it is possible to think about this subject in the urban space. </text>
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                <text>Violência e criminalidade são temáticas abrangentes e, de acordo com a abordagem utilizada, podem ser explicadas sob diferentes vieses. Neste trabalho foi priorizado o que se denominou de violência criminal, com enfoque no mapeamento de informações. Nosso intuitofoiproblematizar a espacialização diferenciada das ocorrências criminais no espaço urbano de uma cidade média no sul do Brasil - Santa Maria, focando como os diferentes tipos de crimes estão distribuídos pelos bairros da cidade, considerando características socioeconômicas nesta análise. Metodologicamente, utilizamos o mapeamento dos dados fornecidos pelo IBGE e aqueles provenientes das ocorrências criminais obtidos junto à brigada militar do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Fizemos uso também de relatos de diversos atores da cidade, uma vez que seus posicionamentos foram importantes para ajudar a entender a dinâmica da violência criminal na cidade. Nossos resultados apontam que as ocorrências criminais relacionadas ao tráfico de drogas concentram-se numa área onde os níveis de renda e instrução são baixos, porém muitos traficantes e consumidores são residentes de outras partes da cidade e caracterizados por pertencer a diferentes classes sociais, embora essas informações não apareçam com frequência nas estatísticas. Além disso, observamos que, a partir desse tipo de crime, ocorrem outros, como: roubos, furtos e agressões. Verificamos também que os crimes contra a pessoa, de modo geral, distribuem-se diferentemente dos crimes contra o patrimônio, e que em muitos casos essa diferenciação pode estar relacionada a fatores sociais, econômicos e de infraestutura urbana do bairro. É importante acrescentar que a ocorrência de alguns tipos de crimes seguiu padrões específicos. Assim, nesse estudo, foi preciso questionar as fontes de dados pesquisadas, o porquê da ocorrência diferenciada dos crimes nos bairros, possíveis vítimas e agressores, por que alguns crimes tiveram maior visibilidade que outros, qual a relação com as desigualdades sociais, qual a análise sobre os crimes do colarinho branco etc. Por fim, com esse artigo, objetivamos contribuir com o estudo das violências que incidem sobre as cidades médias brasileiras, através de um dos inúmeros caminhos em que é possível pensar esse assunto no espaço urbano. La violence et la criminalité sont des thèmes globaux et, selon l'approche utilisée, peuventt être expliquées sous différents biais. Dans ce travail on priorise ce qu'on a appelé violence criminelle, en se concentrant sur la cartographie d´informations. Notre but c´est discuter la spécialisation différenciée des occurences criminelles dans l´espace urbain de Santa Maria, une ville moyenne au sud du Brésil, se concentrant sur la façon dont différents types de crimes sont distribués dans les différents quartiers de la ville, considérant aussi des caractéristiques socioéconomiques dans cette analyse. Méthodologiquement, nous avons utilisé la cartographie des données de l'IBGE et celles tirées des événements criminels obtenus à partir de la Brigade militaire de Rio Grande do Sul. Nous avons également utilisé les rapports de plusieurs acteurs de la ville, car leurs positions étaient importantes pour aider à comprendre la dynamique de la violence dans la ville. Nos résultats indiquent que les événements criminels liés au trafic de drogue sont concentrés dans une région où les revenus et les niveaux d'éducation sont bas, cependant de nombreux traficants et consommateurs résident d'autres parties de la ville et  appartiennent à des différentes classes sociales, bien que ces informations ne figurent pas très souvent dans les statistiques. En outre, nous avons noté qu´à partir de ce type de crime, d'autres se produisent, tels que les cambriolages, les vols et les agressions. Nous avons également constaté que les crimes contre la personne, en général, sont répartis différemment des crimes contre le patrimoine, et que, dans de nombreux cas, cette différence peut être liée aux facteurs sociaux, économiques et d´infrastructure urbaine du quartier. Il est à noter que l'occurence de certains types de crimes a suivi des modèles spécifiques. Ainsi, dans cette étude, il a fallu remettre en question les sources de données recherchées, la raison de la présence différentielle des crimes dans les quartiers, des possibles victimes et agresseurs, pourquoi certains crimes sont plus visibles que d'autres, quel est le rapport avec les inégalités sociales, quelle est l'analyse sur la criminalité des cadres, etc. Enfin, avec cet article, nous pensons contribuer à l'étude des violences qui se concentrent sur les villes moyennes au Brésil, à travers une des nombreuses voies qui rendent possible de penser à cette affaire dans l'espace urbain. </text>
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                <text>http://confins.revues.org/7477</text>
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                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.7477</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="565132">
                <text>Santa Maria</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565133">
                <text>Brésil</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565134">
                <text>Crimes et Délits - Résultats pénaux - Espace urbain - Santa Maria / RS</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565135">
                <text>Brasil</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565136">
                <text>Violência Criminal - Ocorrências criminais - Espaço urbano -</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="565137">
                <text>A espacialização da violência criminal na cidade de Santa Maria, RS</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>article</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644295">
                  <text>Confins</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644296">
                  <text/>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563269">
                <text>Sanfelici, Daniel de Mello</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563270">
                <text>2013-07-22</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563271">
                <text>Durant les cinq à dix dernières années, les offres et les ventes du marché immobilier résidentiel ont connu une croissance exceptionnelle et, par voie de conséquence, commencé à modifier le paysage des métropoles brésiliennes. Cette croissance a été stimulée par un entrelacement sans précédent du système financier avec le circuit de production et de consommation du cadre bâti urbain dans le pays. Les auteurs qui se penchent sur ce phénomène sont nombreux à tenter de l’interpréter à la lumière du mouvement de financiarisation de l’économie, envisagé comme une expression du pouvoir accru des investisseurs financiers soucieux de valoriser leur capital avec la transformation de l’espace urbain. Ce travail vise à contribuer au débat en cours en montrant que le processus de financiarisation, qui touche le marché immobilier brésilien depuis quelques années, a produit un réaménagement des relations entre les échelles socio-spatiales. La première partie de l’étude propose une vision panoramique des transformations des transactions immobilières issues de l’articulation avec le système financier. La deuxième partie se base sur une série d’entretiens réalisés entre 2011 et 2012 et sur des relevés de données relatives au secteur en question, pour distinguer les types de rapports entre agents de différentes échelles socio-spatiales. Dans ce mouvement, l’articulation entre échelle mondiale et échelle nationale est illustrée par le besoin des promoteurs à faire preuve de plus de « transparence » au niveau de leurs activités afin de pouvoir intégrer le portefeuille des grands investisseurs institutionnels étrangers. Quant aux liens entre échelle nationale et échelle locale, ils sont envisagés comme le fruit de partenariats établis entre les grands promoteurs immobiliers financiarisés et les petits et moyens constructeurs/promoteurs régionaux. Dans les deux cas, l’objectif est de souligner les mises à distance et les tensions résultant du rapprochement d’agents expressifs de logiques spatio-temporelles dissemblables. Partant de là, l’échelle géographique n’est pas vue comme une dimension étanche du processus social ; au contraire, elle est produite et transformée socialement et, en tant que telle, intériorise des tensions et des contradictions sociales. Finalement, l’accent est mis sur l’importance de la construction de liens scalaires pour la reproduction du pouvoir des finances dans l’actualité. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563272">
                <text>Over the past five to ten years, Brazil’s residential real estate market has experienced a marked expansion both in terms of housing starts and sales. This expansion, which has rapidly transformed Brazilian cities, was spurred by an unprecedented intertwining of the financial markets and the production/consumption of the urban built environment in the country. In the wake of this process, many scholars have interpreted these changes as representative of the financialization of the economy, since it expresses financial investors’ growing ability to derive income from changes in the urban space. This paper attempts to contribute to this ongoing debate by arguing that the process of financialization, which in the past few years has taken hold of the property sector in Brazil, has caused a restructuring of the links between socio-spatial scales. In the first part, we have provided an overview of the changes that have taken place in the real estate business as an outcome of its connections with the financial system. In the second part, based on a set of interviews conducted between 2011 and 2012 and on data collected about the sector, we have brought attention to the types of articulation between agents operating at different socio-spatial scales. In this analysis, the articulation between the global and the national scales is illustrated by developers’ need to make their businesses more “transparent” in order that the papers they issue in financial markets can be aggregated to the portfolio of large foreign institutional investors. The linkages between the national and the local scales, in terms, are examined here as resulting from the partnerships established between large, financialized developers and regional small and medium-sized builders. In both cases, we have attempted to shed light on the disagreements and tensions that have resulted from the convergence of agents that embody distinct socio-spatial logics, thus demonstrating that the geographical scale, far from being a fixed dimension of social relations, is itself socially produced and changed and, because of that, it internalizes tensions and contradictions. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of the construction of scalar linkages for the reproduction of financial power. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="563273">
                <text>Nos últimos cinco a dez anos, o setor imobiliário residencial no Brasil registrou uma expansão extraordinária em termos de lançamentos e vendas. Essa expansão, que vem transformando rapidamente as metrópoles brasileiras, foi impelida por um entrelaçamento sem precedentes do sistema financeiro com o circuito de produção e consumo do ambiente construído urbano no país. Na esteira desse fenômeno, muitos autores vêm tentando interpretar essas transformações à luz do movimento de financeirização da economia, como uma expressão do poder redobrado dos investidores financeiros em obter rendimentos com a transformação do espaço urbano. Esse trabalho pretende contribuir para esse debate em curso argumentando que o processo de financeirização, que nos últimos anos atingiu os negócios imobiliários no Brasil, produziu um reordenamento dos vínculos entre as escalas geográficas. A primeira parte do trabalho dedica-se, assim, a proporcionar uma visão panorâmica das transformações ocorridas nos negócios imobiliários como fruto da articulação com o sistema financeiro. Na segunda parte, apoiando-nos em uma gama de entrevistas realizadas entre 2011 e 2012 e em levantamentos de dados sobre o setor em questão, procuramos colocar em destaque as formas de articulação entre agentes situados em diferentes escalas socioespaciais. Nesse movimento, a articulação entre a escala global e a escala nacional é ilustrada pela necessidade das incorporadoras de tornarem suas atividades mais “transparentes” a fim de que seus papéis possam ser agregados ao portfólio de grandes investidores institucionais estrangeiros. Os vínculos entre a escala nacional e a local, por sua vez, são examinados como fruto do estabelecimento de parcerias entre as grandes incorporadoras financeirizadas e construtoras/incorporadoras pequenas e médias regionais. Em ambos os casos, procuramos colocar em evidência os desencontros e as tensões que resultam da aproximação de agentes expressivos de lógicas espaço-temporais díspares, demonstrando que a escala geográfica, longe de ser uma dimensão estanque do processo social, é produzida e transformada socialmente e, enquanto tal, internaliza tensões e contradições sociais. O trabalho realça, em sua conclusão, a importância da construção de nexos escalares para a reprodução do poder das finanças na atualidade. </text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563274">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/8494</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563275">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563276">
                <text>Financialization; Real estate market; Rescaling; Production of scale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563277">
                <text>Brasil / Brésil</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563278">
                <text>Financiarisation ; marché immobilier ; réaménagement scalaire ; production de l’échelle.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563279">
                <text>Financeirização; Mercado imobiliário; Reordenamento escalar; Produção da escala.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563280">
                <text>A financeirização do circuito imobiliário como rearranjo escalar do processo de urbanização</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644295">
                  <text>Confins</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644296">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="565283">
                <text>Ghorra-Gobin, Cynthia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="565284">
                <text>2009-04-11</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="565285">
                <text>La globalisation de l’économie, également qualifiée de « nouvelle étape du capitalisme », a sensiblement modifié la géographie économique, à l’échelle mondiale, au cours de ces trois dernières décennies.  Les chercheurs anglo-américains furent parmi les premiers à analyser l’impact de l’économie globale principalement dans les villes anglo-américaines et à identifier le rôle de commandement de certaines d’entre elles.  Ils utilisent ainsi de manière indifférente les expressions de « world city » et « global city ». Cet article, fondé sur une perspective historique, part du principe qu’il est nécessaire d’établir une distinction entre les deux.  Se qualifie de ville globale  toute ville  a priori bien positionnée dans les flux globaux (information, finance et connaissances) alors qu’une ville mondiale fait référence à sa contribution à l’histoire de l’humanité.  Cette contribution se lit au travers de son patrimoine historique, de l’influence culturelle, de la mémoire sociale véhiculée ainsi que  sa capacité à attirer des visiteurs venus du reste du monde.     </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565286">
                <text>The globalization of the economy of the last three decades understood as a new phase of the capitalist system has seriously reshaped the geography of the economic production at the world scale.  Anglo-American researchers were among the first to analyze the impacts of this global economy mainly (Anglo-American cities) and to identify the role of command (of some of them).  They indifferently used the two following expressions “world city” and “global city” to stress the new hierarchy of cities, beyond their demographic weight.  This article based on the inclusion of a historical perspective argues in favour of a distinction between these two expressions.  A “global city” refers to the city integrated in global flows of capital, information and knowledge while a “world city” should refer to the contribution of any given city to the world history.  Its contribution could be measured in terms of legacy, culture influence, social memory and, its capacity of attracting visitors from the rest of the world. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565287">
                <text>A globalização da economia, igualmente qualificada de “nova etapa do capitalismo” modificou sensivelmente a geografia econômica, na escala mundial, ao longo das três últimas décadas. Os pesquisadores anglo-americanos se colocaram entre os primeiros a analisar o impacto da economia global principalmente no seio das cidades anglo-americanas e a identificar o papel de comando de algumas entre elas. Eles utilizam de maneira indiferente as expressões “cidade mundial” e “cidade global”. Esse artigo, baseado em uma perspectiva histórica, parte do principio que e necessário estabelecer una distinção entre os dois.  Qualifica-se como uma “cidade global” toda cidade, a priori, bem posicionada no contexto dos fluxos globais (informação, finanças e conhecimentos) enquanto que uma cidade mundial refere-se a sua contribuição para a história da humanidade. Esta contribuição se faz por meio de seu patrimônio histórico, da influencia cultural, da memória social veiculada bem como sua capacidade a atrair visitantes vindos do resto do mundo.  </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="565288">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/5726</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565289">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.5726</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="565290">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="565291">
                <text>mondialisation/globalisation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565292">
                <text>ville globale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565293">
                <text>ville globale régionale onal</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565294">
                <text>ville mondiale</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="565295">
                <text>À l’heure de la « deuxième » mondialisation, une ville mondiale est-elle forcément une ville globale ?</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="565296">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  <item itemId="35685" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644295">
                  <text>Confins</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644296">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="564053">
                <text>Junior, João Grand</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="564054">
                <text>2012-06-22</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="564055">
                <text>La crise du fordisme de la fin du XXème siècle a mis en échec les stratégies et les mécanismes classiques de gestion des flux materiels et immatériels désormais produits par une économie toujours plus globalisée. Selon certains auteurs comme Veltz, la logistique et la gestion intégrée du processus productif caractérisant la période s´ouvrant avec la ville reponde aux nouveaux impératifs de la productivité qui dépend de la capacite d´organisation, coordination et intégration entre les diverses segments et acteurs pour faire face aux exigences de la differenciation. La logique tayloriste organisant transports et production de manière segmentée est désormais dépassée. Dans ce contexte, de nouvelles perspectives d´insertion dans l´économie mondiale s´ouvrent pour les régions définissant des stratégies dans ce but. L´espace économique mondial acquiert en effet une nouvelle configuration, redessinant les contours de la division territoriale/internationale du travail. Dans le cadre de ces transformations ont lieu des disputes territoriales pour capter les investissements et les flux de la globalisation. Les villes ports surgissent alors comme des espaces économiques differenciés disposant d´un grand potentiel d´organisation de la circulation dans la mesure où elles sont des noeuds stratégiques pour la capitation/articulation des flux qui s´intensifient dans l´économie des réseaux du capitalisme contemporrain. En partant de ces questions et suivant une approche systémique de nature territoriale, nous entendons analyser la dimension productive de la relation entre la ville et l´équipement portuaire telle qu´elle se pose à Itajaí (Santa Catarina) en fonction de la municipalisation du port entreprise au cours des années 1990. Au delà de son caractère pionnier pour ce qui est de l´usage du dispositif régulateur permettant la décentralisation des ports vers les Municipes, Itajaí fait aussi figure d´exemple dans le domaine de la gestion intégrée du port et de la ville. Cela se traduit par l´émergence d´un tertiaire portuaire dans la région et par une augmentation de sa competitivité dans le système maritime portuaire mondial. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="564056">
                <text>The crisis of fordism at the end of the last century undermines the strategies and classic mechanisms for the management of material and immaterial flows produced in an increasingly globalized economy. Some authors consider that this could be the emergence of a period dominated by the logistics and integrated management of the production process – where productivity is more closely linked to the ability of organization, coordination and interaction among the various segments and actors, promoting what Veltz (1999) called “competitiveness through differentiation” – rather than the logics of the transports and segmented production of Taylorism type. Based on this scenario, new prospects of integration into world economy are drawn from various strategies of the more economically competitive regions and the others. The global economic space acquires a new configuration and redefines the contours of the international territorial division of labour. Under these transformations, territorial disputes occur in all geographic scales to “capture” the investments and flows of globalization. In this context, the city-ports becomes a economic space with great potential for organizing the world economy. They are positioned as strategic nodes in the economy-networks that attract/articulate the material and immaterial flows that multiply in contemporary capitalism. Thus, based on a systemic and territorial approach, we intend to analyze the productive dimension of the relation between city and port that is configured in the city of Itajaí, Santa Catarina, from the municipalization of the port in mid 1990s. In addition to its pioneering use of the regulatory device that allows the transfer of responsibility for administration of the ports of the Union for municipalities; Itajaí also figures as a unique case of integrated management between city and port. This experience allows the constitution of a port tertiary in the region and increases its competitiveness in the global marine system port. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="564057">
                <text>A crise do fordismo em fins do século passado pôs em xeque as estratégias e mecanismos clássicos de gestão dos fluxos materiais e imateriais produzidos numa economia cada vez mais globalizada. Alguns autores falam na emergência de um período de domínio da logística e da gestão integrada do processo produtivo – onde a produtividade encontra-se mais ligada à capacidade de organização, coordenação e interação entre os diversos segmentos e atores, promovendo o que Veltz (1999) denomina "competitividade pela diferenciação" – em detrimento de uma era de predomínio da lógica dos transportes e da produção segmentada de tipo taylorista. Nesse cenário, novas perspectivas de inserção na economia mundial são desenhadas de formas e a partir de estratégias variadas tanto nas regiões de economia mais competitiva quanto nas demais. O espaço econômico mundial adquire assim nova configuração, redefinindo os contornos da divisão territorial/internacional do trabalho. No âmbito dessas transformações, desdobram-se disputas territoriais em todas as escalas geográficas na busca pela "captura" de investimentos e dos fluxos da globalização. As cidades-portos, nesse contexto, vêm se configurando como espaços econômicos diferenciados com grande potencial de organização da economia mundial uma vez que se posicionam na economia-das-redes como nós estratégicos para a captação/articulação dos fluxos materiais e imateriais que se multiplicam no capitalismo contemporâneo. Tendo como referência essas questões, e a partir de uma abordagem sistêmica de natureza territorial, pretendemos analisar a dimensão produtiva da relação entre cidade e porto que se configura no Município de Itajaí, Estado de Santa Catarina, em função e a partir da municipalização portuária empreendida em meados dos anos 1990. Além do seu pioneirismo na utilização do dispositivo regulatório que permite a transferência da responsabilidade pela administração dos portos da União para os municípios, Itajaí também figura no Brasil como um caso singular de gestão integrada entre cidade e porto, experiência esta que vem se traduzindo na constituição de um importante terciário portuário na região e na ampliação de sua competitividade no sistema marítimo portuário mundial. </text>
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                <text>http://confins.revues.org/7719</text>
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                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.7719</text>
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                <text>fr</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>logistics</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564062">
                <text>port competitiveness</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="564063">
                <text>porta and cities</text>
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                <text>productive restructuring</text>
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                <text>Itajaí</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564066">
                <text>Região Sul</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="564067">
                <text>Santa Catarina</text>
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                <text>compétivité portuaire</text>
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                <text>logistique</text>
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                <text>villes –ports</text>
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                <text>cidades portuárias</text>
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                <text>competitividade portuária</text>
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                <text>A municipalização portuária em Itajaí e a redefinição das relações entre cidade e porto</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="562548">
                <text>Lisboa, Cristiane Kleba</text>
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                <text>Barros, Mirian Vizintim Fernandes</text>
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                <text>2010-03-16</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Dans la définition des outils d’évaluation environnementale et de qualité de vie, l’empreinte écologique (Ecological Footprint), proposée par William Rees et Mathis Wackernagel (1996), est utilisée comme un important indicateur environnemental et de développement durable à différentes échelles d’analyse. Dans le présent article elle est utilisée pour une analyse environnementale urbaine, en évaluant les impacts produits par la ville de Londrina-PR et par les citoyens qui y habitent. L’empreinte a été calculée selon neuf variables, qualitatives et quantitatives, analysées à partir d’outils de Système d’Informations Géographiques (SIG). </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="562552">
                <text>In the definition of environmental evaluation tools and life quality, the Ecological Footprint, proposed by William Rees and Mathis Wackernagel (1996), it has been used as an important indicator of environmental and sustainability pointer at different analysis scales. In the current article it was used the Ecological Footprint for an urban analysis, evaluating the impacts generated by the city of Londrina-PR and by its citizens. The footprint was calculated through nine variables, qualitative and quantitative, analyzed from the Geographic Information System GIS. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562553">
                <text>Na definição de ferramentas de avaliação ambiental e qualidade de vida, a Pegada Ecológica (Ecological Footprint), proposta por William Rees e Mathis Wackernagel (1996), vem sendo utilizada como um importante indicador ambiental e de sustentabilidade em diferentes escalas de análise. No presente artigo utilizou-se a Pegada Ecológica para uma análise ambiental urbana, avaliando os impactos gerados pela cidade de Londrina-PR, e pelos cidadãos que nela habitam. A pegada foi calculada através de nove variáveis, qualitativas e quantitativas, analisadas a partir de ferramentas de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG).  </text>
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                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.6395</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="562556">
                <text>fr</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Ecological Footprint</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562558">
                <text>GIS</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562559">
                <text>Sustainability</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="562560">
                <text>Urban Analysis</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562561">
                <text>Londrina</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562562">
                <text>analyse urbaine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562563">
                <text>durabilité</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562564">
                <text>empreinte écologique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562565">
                <text>SIG</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562566">
                <text>Análise Urbana</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Pegada Ecológica</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562568">
                <text>SIG.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562569">
                <text>Sustentabilidade</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562570">
                <text>A pegada ecológica como instrumento de avaliação ambiental para a cidade de Londrina</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644295">
                  <text>Confins</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="564958">
                <text>Rizzi, Carlos Alberto</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2011-03-25</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>A partir de 2001, l'administration municipale, la société civile et les experts ont commencé à s'interroger sur l'avenir de la décharge Bandeirantes, la plus grande du monde, située dans un petit quartier appelé Perus, dans la zone ouest de São Paulo. Malgré la recommandation des experts et la volonté de la communauté locale d'implanter un parc sur le site d'enfouissement, la municipalité a opté pour une finalité économique: la production d'électricité par combustion de gaz méthane émanant de la décomposition des déchets accumulés. Depuis 2003, avec Unibanco en tant que médiateur en chef, elle a poussé au déploiement,sur l'aire d'enfouissement, d'un projet MDL - Mécanisme de Développement Propre. Ce projet est un instrument opérationnel du Protocole de Kyoto qui appelait à la réduction des émissions de polluants dans l'atmosphère par l'encouragement de pratiques économiques qui génèrent de l'énergie alternative propre et qui vise à convertir les crédits de carbone (certifié) en actifs financiers. La proposition serait une excellente idée pour tous les acteurs concernés, si les autorités municipales n'avaient pas oublié d'appeler la communauté locale à participer à la conduite du projet, ce qui est prévu par l'Article 2 de ce traité. Le texte analyse la façon dont la participation locale a été écartée de la conduite du projet et comment a été formé un monopole des grands acteurs hégémoniques dans la capture, la production, la distribution et la consommation d'électricité produite par une activité lucrative alternative, le Consórcio Bandeirantes, qui rassemble des entreprises du Projeto MDL Aterro Bandeirantes. </text>
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                <text>From 2001 began the questioning of municipal government, civil society and experts about the future of the Aterro Bandeirantes, the world's largest landfill, located in a small district called Perus, in the western zone of São Paulo. Although the recommendation of experts and the will of the local community to create a park on the landfill, the municipal government has opted for an economic finality: the generation of electricity by burning methane gas emanating from the decomposition of accumulated junk. Since 2003, the municipal government, and Unibanco as chief mediator, came to encourage the deployment, in the landfill area, of a MDL – (Mechanism of Clean Development) project. This project is an instrument to operationalize the Kyoto Treaty for reduction of emission of pollutants into the atmosphere through the encouragement of economic practices that generate alternative energy, as the same time converting carbon credits (certified) in financial assets. The proposal would be a great idea for all the actors concerned, if the municipal authorities had not forgotten to call the local community to participate in the conduct of the project, something provided for in Article 2 of that Treaty. The following text is a statement of how was this process of dumping of local participation in the conduct of the project and on how was formed a monopoly of the hegemonic actors in the capture, generation, distribution and consumption of electricity generated, the lucrative Consórcio Bandeirantes, the aggregate of companies that gave rise to the Projeto MDL Aterro Bandeirantes. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564962">
                <text>A partir de 2001 tiveram início as indagações do poder público municipal, da sociedade civil e de especialistas a respeito do futuro do Aterro Bandeirantes, o maior aterro sanitário do mundo, localizado em um pequeno distrito chamado Perus, zona Oeste do Município de São Paulo. Muito embora houvesse a recomendação dos especialistas e a vontade da comunidade local em implantar ali, um parque sobre o Aterro, o poder público municipal optou por um fim econômico: a geração de energia elétrica através da combustão do gás metano emanado da decomposição do lixo acumulado. A partir de 2003, o poder público municipal, tendo o Unibanco como principal mediador, passou a fomentar a implantação, na área do aterro, do chamado Projeto MDL – Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo. Esse projeto é um instrumento de operacionalização do chamado Tratado de Kyoto para a redução da emissão de poluentes na Atmosfera através do incentivo de práticas econômicas geradoras de energia alternativa, não-poluente que tem por finalidade converter créditos de carbono (certificados) em recursos financeiros. A proposta seria uma grande idéia e uma ótima saída para todos os atores em questão, se o poder público municipal não tivesse esquecido de chamar a comunidade local a participar da condução do projeto, algo previsto pelo Artigo 2º do referido Tratado. O texto a seguir é uma exposição de como se deu esse processo de alijamento da participação local na condução do projeto e de como foi formado o monopólio dos grandes atores hegemônicos na captação, geração, distribuição e consumo da energia elétrica alternativa gerada pelo lucrativo Consórcio Bandeirantes, o agregado de empresas que deu origem ao Projeto MDL Aterro Bandeirantes. </text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://confins.revues.org/6870</text>
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                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.6870</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564965">
                <text>fr</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Carbon Credits</text>
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                <text>MDL</text>
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                <text>Participation</text>
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                <text>São Paulo</text>
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                <text>Urban</text>
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                <text>São Paulo</text>
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                <text>crédits de carbone.</text>
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                <text>MDL</text>
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                <text>participation</text>
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                <text>São Paulo</text>
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                <text>urbanisation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564977">
                <text>Créditos de Carbono</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564978">
                <text>Participação</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564979">
                <text>Projeto MDL</text>
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                <text>São Paulo</text>
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                <text>A questão da participação da comunidade do Distrito de Perus-(São Paulo/Brasil), no projeto MDL Aterro Bandeirantes</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="563701">
                <text>Lomba, Roni Mayer</text>
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                <text>Nobre-Júnior, Benedito Baliero</text>
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                <text>2013-07-18</text>
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                <text>Cet article traite de la relation entre villes et campagnes et zones rurales et urbaines, en se basant sur l'étude du marché et des foires populaires de la ville fluviale d’Afuá, Pará. Il part du postulat que les divers réseaux d'approvisionnement de la ville et ses flux intrarégionaux sont en connexion, principalement avec d'autres villes et localités existantes, par le réseau fluvial, dynamisant la commercialisation des productions et marchandises régionales, primaires ou manufacturées. Cette recherche met en exergue la dynamique du commerce, au moyen d'une enquête et d’une recherche, par l’analyse des contributions théoriques, des entrevues, des documents photographiques et des entretiens qualitatifs qui en seront les supports. Cette étude vise à (re)penser les concepts et définitions de la relation ville-campagne et rural-urbain dans le contexte des villes fluviales d'Amazonie, et les spécificités de la relation rural-urbain dans la ville d’Afuá à partir de la dynamique de ce type de commerce, par la mise en valeur de son importance dans les différents réseaux de flux qui alimentent la ville en termes culturels, économiques et symboliques. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent une relation ville-campagne et rural-urbain plutôt inhérente aux villes fluviales d'Amazonie, où même l'avènement de la modernisation et ses conséquences sur les relations sociales et économiques n’ont pas perturbé le mode de vie ou la territorialité qui s’y sont historiquement construites. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563705">
                <text>The rural-town relationship is discussed through an investigation of popular markets or fairs in the river coastal town of Afuá PA Brazil. The several supply networks in the town and its intra-regional movements have wide connections underscored by the river that boosts the commerce of in natura or industrialized regional products and goods. Commerce dynamism is focused in current research which is performed through the investigatory method and analyzes theoretical contributions, interviews, photos and reflections, which are instruments that underpin its materialization. Current investigation re-considers the concepts and definitions of the countryside-town and rural-urban relationships within the context of the river coastal towns of the Amazon. It also investigates the specificities of the rural-urban relationship in Afuá from the point of view of commercial dynamics. In fact, its importance within the several movement networks, namely cultural, economical and symbolic, that supply the town, is demonstrated. Results show an intrinsic countryside-town and rural-urban relationship of the Amazon coastal towns. Even within the modernization context the economical and social relationships have not disrupted the way of life or the territoriality historically built and still extant in the region. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563706">
                <text>O presente trabalho discute a relação campo-cidade e rural-urbano, tomando como base o estudo sobre o mercado popular ou feiras na cidade ribeirinha de Afuá-PA. Parte-se do pressuposto de que as diversas redes de abastecimentos na cidade e seus fluxos intrarregionais possuem conexões, principalmente com outras cidades e localidades existentes, pela rede fluvial, dinamizando a comercialização de produtos e mercadorias regionais (in natura) ou industrializadas. Nessa pesquisa é pontuada a dinâmica do comércio, pelo método de investigação/pesquisa, analisadas as contribuições teóricas, entrevistas, registros fotográficos, observação e entrevistas qualitativas, sendo instrumentos de suporte para efetivação da mesma. Este trabalho buscou (re)pensar os conceitos e definições da relação campo-cidade e rural-urbano no contexto das cidades ribeirinhas amazônicas; as especificidades da relação rural-urbano na cidade de Afuá, a partir da dinâmica desse tipo de comércio apontando sua importância nas diversas redes de fluxos que abastecem a cidade em termos culturais, econômicos e simbólicos. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam uma relação campo-cidade e rural-urbano bastante intrínseca nas cidades ribeirinhas amazônicas, que, mesmo com o advento da modernização implicando nas relações econômicas e sociais não desestruturaram o modo de vida ou uma territorialidade que historicamente ali fora construído. </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563707">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/8405</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563708">
                <text>fr</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Afuá</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563710">
                <text>Amazônia</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563711">
                <text>Pará</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563712">
                <text>River territoriality; way of life; Amazon region.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563713">
                <text>Amazonie.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563714">
                <text>modes de vie</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563715">
                <text>Territorialité fluviale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563716">
                <text>Amazônia.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563717">
                <text>modos de vida</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563718">
                <text>Territorialidade ribeirinha</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563719">
                <text>A relação rural-urbano a partir das cidades ribeirinhas: o papel do comércio popular (feiras) na cidade de Afuá (PA)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562384">
                <text>Veschambre, Vincent</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562385">
                <text>Ripoll, Fabrice</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562386">
                <text>Séchet, Raymonde</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562387">
                <text>Aldhuy, Julien</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562388">
                <text>2009-11-16</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562389">
                <text>L’objet de cette communication est de faire part de réflexions théoriques qui sont en cours au sein de la géographie sociale et plus largement d’interroger la place de la géographie dans les sciences sociales. Deux orientations fortes qui dessinent les principaux chantiers théoriques engagés en géographie sociale et qui peuvent plus largement concerner l’ensemble de la discipline peuvent être retenues. Premièrement, il est apparu la nécessité d’inscrire la géographie dans un mode de connaissance critique qui puisse intégrer les valeurs d’émancipation et de justice dans l’élaboration même des connaissances produites. Dans un second temps a été soulignée la contribution de la géographie sociale à l’inscription de la discipline dans les sciences sociales. Affirmer une telle orientation, c’est tout à la fois revendiquer l’importance et l’omniprésence de l’espace et s’engager dans une approche dimensionnelle de l’espace qui permette de dépasser la contradiction d’une science qui se voudrait sociale tout en prenant l’espace pour objet, afin d’affirmer son autonomie. Cela passe par une déconstruction des catégories spatiales en vigueur au sein de la discipline et par l’adoption de notions qui renvoient à la dimension spatiale des rapports sociaux. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562390">
                <text>The purpose of this article is to share theoretical ideas underway in the social geography and more broadly to examine the role of geography in the social sciences. Two major tendencies can be distinguished, related to the major theoretical tasks in social geography, both relevant across the discipline. First, it has been deemed necessary to include geography in a mode of critical knowledge able to integrate the values of empowerment and justice in the development of the knowledge produced. In a second step we highlight the contribution of geography to the social inclusion of the discipline in the social sciences. Confirming this, we claim simultaneously the importance and pervasiveness of space and engage in a dimensional approach to space beyond the contradiction of a science that would be social while taking up space intended, in order to assert its autonomy. This requires a deconstruction of spatial categories in force within the discipline and the adoption of concepts that refer to the spatial dimension of social relations. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562391">
                <text>O objeto deste artigo é compartilhar reflexões teóricas que estão em andamento no seio da geografia social e, mais amplamente, interrogar o lugar da geografia dentro das ciências sociais. Duas fortes orientações que delineiam os principais campos teóricos envolvidos na geografia social e que, sobretudo, abarcam o conjunto da disciplina, podem ser apreendidos. Primeiramente, surgiu a necessidade de inscrever a geografia num modo de conhecimento crítico que pudesse integrar os valores de emancipação e justiça na própria elaboração dos conhecimentos produzidos. Num segundo momento destacou-se a contribuição da geografia social para a inclusão da disciplina nas ciências sociais. Afirmar tal orientação é, ao mesmo tempo, reivindicar a importância e a onipresença do espaço e se envolver numa abordagem dimensional do espaço que permita superar a contradição de uma ciência que se quer social tomando o espaço por objeto, objetivando afirmar a sua autonomia. Isso requer uma desconstrução das categorias espaciais em vigor no seio da disciplina e na adoção de conceitos que se referem à dimensão espacial das relações sociais. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562392">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/6229</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562393">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.6229</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562394">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562395">
                <text>commitment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562396">
                <text>critical theory</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562397">
                <text>dimension</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562398">
                <text>social geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562399">
                <text>social sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562400">
                <text>spatial</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562401">
                <text>dimension spatiale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562402">
                <text>engagement</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562403">
                <text>géographie sociale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562404">
                <text>sciences sociales</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562405">
                <text>théorie critique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562406">
                <text>ciências sociais</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562407">
                <text>compromisso</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562408">
                <text>dimensão espacial</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562409">
                <text>geografia social</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562410">
                <text>teoria crítica</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562411">
                <text>Amanhã, a geografia social?</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562412">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  <item itemId="35633" public="1" featured="0">
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          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Confins</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644296">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563008">
                <text>Marques, Mitsuko Yamasaki</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563009">
                <text>2008-07-02</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563010">
                <text>Le présent article rend compte de la méthodologie utilisée pour analyser la fréquentation des équipements scolaires à Taboão da Serra (São Paulo), en vue de mesurer le nombre de places libres dans les écoles. La collecte de l'information se fait dans chaque unité scolaire du réseau municipal d'enseignement, rassemblant notamment des données sur la distance entre résidence et école. Le traitement statistique a été enrichi par les possibilités de spatialisation offertes par l'utilisation d’un logiciel approprié, dans ce cas Maptitude. Les résultats ont été consolidés dans un document intitulé Atlas pour la Gestion du Système Scolaire, une aide précieuse pour définir le Plan Municipal d'Éducation et qui a servi de fondement à la prise de décisions sur l'amélioration du réseau d'enseignement. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563011">
                <text>This article accounts for the methodology used to analyze the frequentation of the school facilities in Taboão da Serra (São Paulo), in order to measure the number of free places in the schools. The gathering of information is done in each school unit of the municipal network, in particular data on the distance between residence and school. The statistical processing was enriched by the possibilities of spatialization offered by the use of SIG software, in this case Maptitude. The results were consolidated in a document entitled Atlas for the Management of the School System, an invaluable help to define the Municipal Plan of Education and which was used as base with the decision-making on the improvement of the network schools. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563012">
                <text>O presente artigo é um relato da metodologia utilizada para análise do desempenho dos equipamentos escolares em Taboão da Serra (SP) com vistas à caracterização de excesso ou escassez de vagas. A coleta de informações se inicia em cada unidade escolar da rede municipal de ensino, recolhendo, entre outros, dados indicadores da relação residência com a escola. O tratamento estatístico foi enriquecido com as possibilidades de espacialização com o uso de software apropriado, no caso, Maptitude. Os resultados foram consolidados num documento que se intitulou Atlas para Gestão do Sistema Educacional, constituindo-se em importante subsídio para definição do Plano Municipal de Educação e fundamentação para tomada de decisões no que diz respeito à melhoria da rede física de ensino. </text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563013">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/4053</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563014">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.4053</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563015">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563016">
                <text>GIS</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563017">
                <text>School geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563018">
                <text>Taboão da Serra</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563019">
                <text>géographie scolaire</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563020">
                <text>Geografia escolar</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563021">
                <text>SIG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563022">
                <text>Análise da oferta de vagas escolares no município de Taboão da Serra (SP)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563023">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  <item itemId="35614" public="1" featured="0">
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644295">
                  <text>Confins</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644296">
                  <text/>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562681">
                <text>Ferreira, Laerte Guimarães</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562682">
                <text>Sousa, Silvio Braz de</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562683">
                <text>2012-06-24</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562684">
                <text>Un des impacts sur l’environnement urbain qui peuvent être considérées dans le procès de conversion de la coverture des terres est le changement de champ thermique par remplacement de la couverture superficiel naturelle, et l’appropriation de ces espaces pour les activités humaines. Cet article, l’avait comme zone d’étude la ville de Goiânia, capitale de l’Etat de Goias, le objective cet article est analyser le standart de distribution spatiale de la température de surface (TST) en Goiânia vers les années 2002 et 2011, utilisant les données du TM et ETM + à bord des satellites 5 et 7 de la série Landsat. Le méthode utilisée pour estimer le TST a été validée et évaluée par comparaison entre l’image thermique produire par la bande ETM + 6 et le MOD11A1, qui a montré une bonne corrélation (r² 0,70). Pour établir une étude de comparaison, a été généré des images anomalies thermiques, qui permit a conclu que, l’enregistrement des températures radouci dans le 15 août 2011, sur la zone urbanisée de la ville de Goiania présenté potentiellement plus chaudes qu’en 2002. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562685">
                <text>Among the urban environmental impacts that need to be considered in the process of land use, is the change in the thermal field induced by the replacement of the natural land cover, followed by the appropriation of these spaces for anthropic activities. Within this scope, the present work, conducted in the city of Goiânia, capital of the state of Goiás, aims to analyze the spatial distribution and patterns of land surface temperatures (LST) for the years 2002 and 2011, using data from the TM and ETM+ sensors (Landsat series). The method used to estimate the LST was evaluated and validated through comparisons between the thermal image, produced using the ETM+ band, and the MOD11A1 product, which presented good correlation (r² of 0.70). A preliminary comparative analysis, based on the thermal anomaly images, indicated that August 2011, in spite of milder temperatures on day 15, was potentially hotter, particularly along the urbanized areas, in relation to 2002. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562686">
                <text>Um dos impactos ambientais urbanos que deve ser considerado no processo da conversão da cobertura e uso da terra é a mudança no campo térmico por meio da substituição de coberturas superficiais naturais e apropriação destes espaços para atividades antrópicas.  Neste sentindo, o presente trabalho, tendo como área de estudo o município de Goiânia, capital do estado de Goiás, busca analisar o padrão de distribuição espacial da temperatura de superfície terrestre (TST) no município de Goiânia para os anos de 2002 e 2011, utilizando dados dos sensores TM e ETM+ abordo dos satélites 5 e 7 da série Landsat. O método usado para estimar a TST foi avaliado e validado através da comparação entre a imagem termal produzida por meio da banda 6 ETM+ e o Produto MOD11A1, o qual apresentou boa correlação (r² de 0,70). Para esboçar uma análise comparativa, foram geradas imagens de anomalias termais, as quais permitiram concluir que mesmo com o registro de temperaturas mais amenas em 15 de agosto de 2011, a área urbanizada do município de Goiânia apresentou-se potencialmente mais quente em relação a 2002. </text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562687">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/7631</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562688">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.7631</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562689">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562690">
                <text>land surface temperature</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562691">
                <text>thermal anomalies.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562692">
                <text>thermal remote sensing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562693">
                <text>Goiânia (Goiás)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562694">
                <text>anomalies thermiques.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562695">
                <text>télédétection thermique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562696">
                <text>température superficielle</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562697">
                <text>anomalias termais.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562698">
                <text>sensoriamento remoto termal</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562699">
                <text>temperatura de superfície terrestre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562700">
                <text>Análise da temperatura de superfície em ambientes urbanos: um estudo por meio de sensoriamento remoto no município de Goiânia, Goiás (2002 – 2011)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562701">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644295">
                  <text>Confins</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644296">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="565189">
                <text>Amaral, Márcio Douglas Brito</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="565190">
                <text>2013-03-21</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="565191">
                <text>Le texte a pour but de contribuer à la connaissance de la relation entre métropole et ville moyenne en Amazonie à partir de l'analyse de la relation établie entre Belém et la ville moyenne de Macapá (capitale de l’État de l'Amapá ). Plus qu’une inquiétude par rapport aux relations spatiales, il s’agit d’analyser les dynamiques économiques et leurs implications géographiques comme étant partie d’un processus général de production et reproduction de la société capitaliste sur cette partie du territoire brésilien. L'argument principal développé dans ce travail est que la relation entre Belém et Macapá doit être comprise dans le cadre du processus de concentration et de centralisation du capital auquel le pays est soumis. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565192">
                <text>This paper aims to contribute to the knowledge of relationship between metropolis and medium city on Amazon from the analysis of the relationship established between Belém and the medium city of Macapá (capital of Amapá State). More than a concern with spatial relationships, it seeks an analysis of economic dynamics and their geographical consequences as part of general process of production and reproduction of capitalist society in this portion of Brazilian territory. The main argument developed in this paper is that relationships between Belém and Macapá must be understood on the core of the process of concentration and centralization of capital that has reached the country. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565193">
                <text>O texto tem como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento da relação entre metrópole e cidade média na Amazônia a partir da análise da relação estabelecida entre Belém e a cidade média de Macapá (capital do Estado do Amapá). Mais do que uma preocupação com as relações espaciais, busca-se analisar as dinâmicas econômicas e suas implicações geográficas como parte do processo geral de produção e reprodução da sociedade capitalista nessa porção do território brasileiro. O principal argumento desenvolvido neste trabalho é o de que as relações entre Belém e Macapá devem ser entendidas no bojo do processo de concentração e centralização do capital que atingiu o país. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="565194">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/8242</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565195">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.8242</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="565196">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="565197">
                <text>Relationship between metropolis and medium city</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565198">
                <text>Amapá</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565199">
                <text>Amazônia/Amazonie</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565200">
                <text>Belém</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565201">
                <text>Macapá</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565202">
                <text>Pará</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565203">
                <text>Dynamiques économiques</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565204">
                <text>Relation entre métropole et ville</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="565205">
                <text>Dinâmicas econômicas; Relação entre metrópole e cidade média</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="565206">
                <text>As relações estabelecidas entre a metrópole de Belém e a cidade média de Macapá (AP)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="565207">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="35612" public="1" featured="0">
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644295">
                  <text>Confins</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644296">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562632">
                <text>Amorim, Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562633">
                <text>Monteiro, Ana</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562634">
                <text>2011-11-30</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562635">
                <text>L'utilisation d'images infrarouges thermiques est une technique importante pour fournir des informations qualitatives sur la température d'une ville et peut grandement contribuer à la planification urbaine, ils montrent l'impact de la température de surface selon l'utilisation et l'occupation des terres. Cette recherche vise à analyser les différences en été des températures intra urbain par satellite Landsat 7 images thermiques dans deux villes de taille moyenne à différentes latitudes: Porto (Portugal) et Presidente Prudente (Brésil). Les résultats ont montré que certaines zones de la ville ont des températures de surface extrêmement élevées qui contribuent à l'inconfort. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562636">
                <text>The use of thermal infrared images is an important technique to provide qualitative information about the temperature of a city and can greatly contribute to urban planning as they show the impacts of the surface temperature according to the use and occupation of land. This research aims to analyze the differences in summer intra urban temperatures through Landsat 7 satellite thermal images in two medium-sized cities at different latitudes: Porto (Portugal) and Presidente Prudente (Brazil). The results showed that some areas of the city have extremely high surface temperatures contributing to the discomfort. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562637">
                <text>A utilização do sensor infravermelho termal é uma técnica importante para fornecer a temperatura qualitativa da cidade, que muito pode contribuir na perspectiva do planejamento urbano, na medida em que são definidos padrões na distribuição da temperatura da superfície de acordo com o uso e a ocupação do solo. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as diferenças de temperaturas intraurbanas por meio de imagens térmicas do satélite Landsat 7 em duas cidades de porte médio com latitudes diferentes: Porto (Portugal) e Presidente Prudente (Brasil) em episódios de verão. Os resultados mostraram que alguns locais das cidades apresentam temperaturas das superfícies extremamente elevadas contribuindo para o desconforto térmico. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562638">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/7284</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562639">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.7284</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562640">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562641">
                <text>Landsat 7</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562642">
                <text>Porto</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562643">
                <text>Presidente Prudente</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562644">
                <text>remote sensing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562645">
                <text>Urban climate</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562646">
                <text>Porto</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562647">
                <text>Presidente Prudente-SP</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562648">
                <text>Climat urbain</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562649">
                <text>Landsat 7</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562650">
                <text>Porto</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562651">
                <text>Presidente Prudente</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562652">
                <text>télédétection</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562653">
                <text>Clima urbano</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562654">
                <text>Landsat 7</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562655">
                <text>Porto.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562656">
                <text>Presidente Prudente</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562657">
                <text>sensoriamento remoto</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562658">
                <text>As temperaturas intraurbanas: exemplos do Brasil e de Portugal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562659">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="35683" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="52">
      <elementSetContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644295">
                  <text>Confins</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644296">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563991">
                <text>Mattos, Margarida Maria C. L.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563992">
                <text>2012-03-19</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563993">
                <text>Historiquement, les villes ont joué un rôle décisif dans le développement du capitalisme mercantile aussi bien que dans celui du capitalisme industriel, à travers la formation des marchés nationaux. L’émergence du capitalisme financier, dont la logique domine le monde globalisé, met ce rôle encore une fois en évidence. Dans ce contexte où les rapports entre les marchés nationaux se sont multipliés et ont incorporé les économies émergentes, certaines métropoles sont devenues des pôles de puissance et d’importance stratégique dont l’influence dépasse largement les frontières de leurs pays respectifs. Le présent article examine la composition et le comportement des principaux indices boursiers dans trois villes: Mumbai, São Paulo et Johannesburg. Grâce à leur dimension multiscalaire, les Bourses de valeurs offrent une perspective privilégiée pour comprendre la logique, l’orientation et l’intensité de la participation d’un pays dans l’économie mondiale. L’article montre le poids des commodities dans la co-relation entre les indices des Bourses de valeur des trois villes étudiées, et met en lumière la régionalisation des investissements pour chacun de ces marchés boursiers.  </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563994">
                <text>Along the history, the role played by the cities was important both for the development of the mercantile capitalism as for the growth of the industrial capitalism, by means of the national markets building. The financial capital, whose logic is inherent in a globalized environment, was also constituted at the cities, reinforcing the relationships among markets, including the emergent ones. In these countries some of the cities are highlighted and got strategic importance incorporating functions that transcend the boundaries of the countries where they are located. In this article are taken three of the cities of these countries – Mumbai, São Paulo and Joannesburg – and examined the composition of their Stock Exchange indices. These organizations, due to its multiscale dimensions, lead to the comprehension of the logic, the direction and the intensity of the investments insertion in the global economy. The study shows not only the weight of commodities in correlation with those indexes, but also the regionalized distribution of the investments referred to each of the Stock Exchanges. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563995">
                <text>Historicamente, as cidades constituíram elemento espacial vital tanto para o desenvolvimento do capitalismo mercantil como para o industrial via formação de mercados nacionais. É aí também que se conforma o capital financeiro, cuja lógica é a dominante no ambiente globalizado, no qual, cada vez mais, estreitam-se as relações entre os mercados, envolvendo aqueles de economias emergentes. Nestas, algumas cidades ganham protagonismo e importância estratégica, incorporando funções que ultrapassam as fronteiras dos países onde se inserem. Toma-se neste artigo três cidades desses países – Mumbai, São Paulo e Joanesburgo – e examina-se a composição e o comportamento dos principais índices das Bolsas de Valores nelas sediadas. Estas instituições, por sua dimensão multiescalar, permitem compreender a lógica, a direção e a intensidade da inserção dos investimentos do país na economia global. O estudo revelou não apenas o peso das commodities correlacionando os três índices como também uma distribuição regionalizada dos investimentos, referida a cada uma das Bolsas. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563996">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/7405</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563997">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.7405</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563998">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563999">
                <text>Globalization</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="564000">
                <text>Johannesburg</text>
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                <text>Cet article a pour objectif d’étudier les caractéristiques du climat dans deux villes moyennes (Rennes en France et Presidente Prudente au Brésil) à partir de trois types de mesures de températures : des mesures réalisées dans des stations fixes, des mesures itinérantes et des données de températures de surface obtenues à partir d’images du satellite Landsat 7. On montre que l’augmentation des températures est légèrement plus importante à Rennes qu’à Presidente Prudente ainsi que le développement d’îlots de chaleur urbains (ICU) résultant de l’extension de la tache urbaine des deux agglomérations.  </text>
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                <text>This paper aims to analyze and compare thermal characteristics of urban climate of two middle size cities: Rennes (France) and Presidente Prudente (Brazil), by registering air temperature  (network pointes and mobile transect) and surface data obtained by using Landsat7 satellite thermal images. Results shows that temperature grows faster in Rennes than Presidente Prudente and urban heat island generation (UHI) by different cities urbanization processes.  </text>
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                <text>Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar e comparar as características térmicas do clima urbano em duas cidades de médio porte: Rennes (França) e Presidente Prudente (Brasil), por meio de registros da temperatura do ar (pontos fixos e medidas itinerantes) e dados térmicos de superfície obtidos pelo tratamento de imagens do satélite Landsat 7. Verificou-se o aumento das temperaturas, ligeiramente maiores em Rennes, do que em Presidente Prudente e a geração de ilhas de calor urbanas (ICU), decorrentes do processo de urbanização nas duas cidades. </text>
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                <text>remote sensing</text>
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                <text>Presidente Prudente</text>
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                <text>Rennes</text>
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                <text>changements climatiques</text>
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                <text>climat urbain</text>
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                <text>télédétection</text>
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                <text>clima urbano</text>
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                <text>sensoriamento remoto</text>
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                <text>Características das ilhas de calor em cidades de porte médio: exemplos de Presidente Prudente (Brasil) e Rennes (França)</text>
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                <text>Martinelli, Marcello</text>
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                <text>Atlas</text>
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                <text>cartography</text>
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                <text>Atlas</text>
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                <text>Atlas</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Clima do Estado de São Paulo</text>
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                <text>Silva, Gutemberg de Vilhena</text>
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                <text>Cet article a deux objectifs: caractériser et évaluer le potentiel de développement économique de la municipalité d’Oiapoque (Etat d'Amapá), située à la frontière nord du Brésil. Dans un premier temps, l'étude fait une évaluation de la situation générale avec les données statistiques du dernier recensement de l'Institut brésilien de Géographie et de Statistiques (IBGE) et le site Portail Transparence du gouvernement du Brésil. Ensuite, sont étudiés les facteurs qui influencent directement le développement économique oiapoquense. La méthodologie de recherche a été divisée en trois étapes : 1) bibliographique et documentaire, 2) travail sur le terrain, occasion de collecter une grande partie des données présentées dans la deuxième section, et analyse de laboratoire 3) résultats des deux étapes précédentes. Le document conclut que, d’une façon générale, Oiapoque est une municipalité urbanisée, qui a connu une croissance démographique significative au cours des dix dernières années mais sans amélioration parallèle de la qualité de vie des résidents ; et que la situation géographique frontalière, les structures foncières et socioéconomiques, et l’absence de politiques publiques au niveau des infrastructures influent fortement sur le développement économique. </text>
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                <text>This essay has a twofold purpose: to characterize and simultaneously assess the potential for economic development in the municipality of Oiapoque (state of Amapá), located on the northern border of Brazil. Initially, this work evaluates general information with statistical data from the last census of Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) and Portal Transparência from the Brazilian Federal Government. Next, an assessment of the factors that directly influence the economic development from Oiapoque is made. The research methodology was divided into three steps: 1) bibliographicand documentary research, 2) field work, on which most part of the presented data on the second section were collected, and 3) laboratory analysis of the results from the last two steps. Generally, the paper concludes that Oiapoque is an urbanized city with a significant population increase over the past ten years without accompanying improvement in quality of life for residents. In addition, it was found that its geographical position border, the land structure and socio-economic, public policy and lack of infrastructure are keys to understanding and / or path to economic development. </text>
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                <text>O presente artigo tem um duplo objetivo: caracterizar e ao mesmo tempo avaliar o potencial para o desenvolvimento econômico do município de Oiapoque (estado do Amapá), localizado na fronteira setentrional brasileira. Inicialmente, o trabalho avalia informações gerais com dados estatísticos do último censo do Instituo Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e do Portal Transparência do Governo Federal e, em seguida, é feito um balanço de fatores que influenciam diretamente o desenvolvimento econômico oiapoquense. A metodologia da pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas: 1) pesquisa documental e bibliográfica; 2) trabalho de campo, momento da coleta de grande parte dos dados apresentados na segunda seção; e 3) análise em laboratório dos resultados nas duas etapas anteriores. O trabalho conclui de maneira geral que Oiapoque é um município urbanizado com aumento populacional significativo nos últimos dez anos sem o acompanhamento de melhoria na qualidade de vida dos habitantes e que sua posição geográfica fronteiriça, a estrutura fundiária e socioeconômica e a carência de políticas públicas em infraestrutura são elementos essenciais para o seu desenvolvimento econômico. </text>
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                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.8250</text>
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                <text>fr</text>
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                <text>boundary.</text>
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                <text>economic development</text>
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                <text>Desenvolvimento econômico em cidades da fronteira amazônica: ações, escalas e recursos para Oiapoque-AP</text>
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                <text>2013-03-18</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>L'axe central de ce travail est lié à des changements récents dans l'utilisation des terres et dans les directions de l'expansion physique et territoriale de la ville de Londrina. Même avec son dynamisme économique diversifiée (capital industriel et agricole), depuis sa fondation, la ville n'a pas été en mesure d'empêcher le développement d’un circuit spéculatif, en grande partie responsable de la croissance physique de la ville et des territoires, qui a produit un tissu urbain fragmenté, marqué par la ségrégation sociale et à l'environnement dégradé. L'effort fait dans ce travail a permis d'élucider, dans les limites imposées par son ampleur, le besoin urgent de définir et de mettre en œuvre des politiques et des stratégies pour gérer l'utilisation et l'occupation des terres rurales dans les environs immédiats de la ville de Londrina </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564834">
                <text>The core of this study is related to the recent changes in soil/land use and to the trends in physical/territorial expansion of Londrina-PR. Besides its diversified economical dynamism (industrial and agricultural capital) since its foundation, the city has been unable to control the speculative real estate business, the sole responsible for its physical-territorial development, creating a fragmented, socially segregated and environment degrading urban growth.  Findings from this study help recognize, within the limitations imposed by its scope, the need to define and implement public management policies and strategies for the rural land/soil use and occupation in the surrounding areas of Londrina. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="564835">
                <text>O eixo central desse trabalho está relacionado às alterações recentes do uso do solo e aos direcionamentos da expansão físico-territorial da cidade de Londrina. Mesmo diante de seu dinamismo econômico diversificado (capitais industriais e agrícolas), desde sua fundação, não tem sido capaz de impedir o circuito imobiliário especulativo, grande responsável pelo crescimento físico-territorial da cidade, o que produziu um tecido urbano fragmentado, socialmente segregado e ambientalmente degradado. O esforço empreendido, neste trabalho, ajudou a elucidar, dentro das limitações impostas pelo seu escopo, a necessidade urgente da definição e implementação de políticas públicas e estratégias de gestão do uso e ocupação do solo rural no entorno imediato da cidade de Londrina. </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564836">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/8159</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="564837">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.8159</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564838">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564839">
                <text>real estate market</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="564840">
                <text>social agents/actors</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564841">
                <text>urban expansion</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564842">
                <text>Londrina</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564843">
                <text>acteurs sociaux</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="564844">
                <text>Expansion urbaine</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564845">
                <text>marché immobilier</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="564846">
                <text>atores sociais</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564847">
                <text>Expansão urbana</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564848">
                <text>mercado imobiliário</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="564849">
                <text>Dinâmica da ocupação e uso do solo em Londrina (PR): um olhar sobre a interface urbano-rural</text>
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                  <text>Confins</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="562530">
                <text>Carlos, Ana Fani Alessandri</text>
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                <text>2008-02-17</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Dans cet article on part de l'hypothèse que les relations sociales se réalisent, concrètement, en tant que relations spatiales, et que donc la dynamique de l'espace urbain doit être entendue au travers de la dynamique du processus de reproduction sociale. Aujourd’hui, les métamorphoses socio-spatiales  de la métropole de São Paulo sont dues au passage de l’hégémonie du capital industriel au capital financier appuyé par l’action de l’État. Il s’agit d’un moment où la « production de l’espace » gagne beaucoup d’importance pour dévoiler le monde moderne. </text>
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                <text>This article assumes that social relations occurr, concretely, as spatial relations, so the dynamics of urban space must be understood through the dynamics of the process of social reproduction. Today, the socio-spatial metamorphosis of the São Paulo metropolis rely on the transition from the hegemony of industrial capital to the financial capital helped by the State. It is a moment where the "production" of the space gains importance in the understanding of the modern world. </text>
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                <text>Neste artigo partimos da hipótese de que as relações espaciais se realizam, concretamente, enquanto relações sociais, portanto a dinâmica do espaço urbano deve ser entendida através da dinâmica do processo de reprodução social. Hoje, as metamorfoses sócio-espaciais da metrópole de Sào Paulo se apoiam na passagem da hegemonia do capital indistrial ao capital financeiro apoiada na açào do Estado. Trata-se de um momento onde a « produção do espaço » ganha importância para a compreensão do mundo moderno. </text>
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                <text>http://confins.revues.org/1502</text>
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                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.1502</text>
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                <text>fr</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>daily life.</text>
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                <text>metropolis</text>
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                <text>urban</text>
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                <text>accumulation</text>
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                <text>métropole</text>
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                <text>vie quotidienne</text>
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                <text>Dynamique urbaine et métropolisation, le cas de São Paulo</text>
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