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, 
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Avril 2008



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La Documentation Fran&amp;ccedil;aise 



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&lt;strong&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l&amp;#39;&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jusqu&amp;rsquo;&amp;agrave; quel point la crise urbaine se pr&amp;eacute;sente-t-elle de la m&amp;ecirc;me mani&amp;egrave;re dans l&amp;rsquo;ensemble des nations europ&amp;eacute;ennes&amp;nbsp;? Trouve-t-on partout les m&amp;ecirc;mes raisonnements th&amp;eacute;oriques &amp;agrave; la base des politiques con&amp;ccedil;ues pour y r&amp;eacute;pondre&amp;nbsp;? Ces politiques entra&amp;icirc;nent-elles une modification de la citoyennet&amp;eacute;, des comportements et des valeurs qui y sont associ&amp;eacute;s&amp;nbsp;?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Telles sont les questions que nous avons voulu traiter au cours de ce s&amp;eacute;minaire r&amp;eacute;unissant des chercheurs venus de six nations europ&amp;eacute;ennes&amp;nbsp;: la Grande-Bretagne, les Pays-Bas, le Danemark, l&amp;rsquo;Allemagne, l&amp;rsquo;Italie et la Belgique. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On s&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;tonnera sans doute de ne pas y trouver la France. Il y va, en fait, d&amp;rsquo;une omission d&amp;eacute;lib&amp;eacute;r&amp;eacute;e, du d&amp;eacute;sir de suspendre, pour un moment, notre r&amp;eacute;flexion passablement autocentr&amp;eacute;e, pour y revenir mieux instruit des tendances qui affectent l&amp;rsquo;Europe en g&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;ral, &amp;agrave; travers le red&amp;eacute;ploiement que connaissent les politiques urbaine, sociale et de s&amp;eacute;curit&amp;eacute;. Ces trois politiques concernent les secteurs associ&amp;eacute;s directement &amp;agrave; ce que l&amp;rsquo;on appelle la question urbaine, laquelle d&amp;eacute;signe tout &amp;agrave; la fois la concentration de la pauvret&amp;eacute; et des minorit&amp;eacute;s ethniques, la difficult&amp;eacute; d&amp;rsquo;acc&amp;egrave;s &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;emploi pour cette population et sa surexposition au crime, autant comme victime que coupable pr&amp;eacute;sum&amp;eacute;e.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aussi, les &amp;eacute;quipes ont-elles &amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; constitu&amp;eacute;es pour chaque pays de trois chercheurs sp&amp;eacute;cialis&amp;eacute;s dans chacun de ces trois domaines. Chacune r&amp;eacute;agit &amp;agrave; des hypoth&amp;egrave;ses g&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;rales concernant les transformations qui affectent ces politiques depuis que la globalisation a fait de la coh&amp;eacute;sion sociale le probl&amp;egrave;me le plus n&amp;eacute;vralgique des soci&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute;s occidentales.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Jacques Donzelot&lt;/strong&gt; est ma&amp;icirc;tre de conf&amp;eacute;rences en sociologie &amp;agrave; l&lt;a href="http://www.u-paris10.fr/" target="_blank"&gt;&amp;#39;Universit&amp;eacute; Paris X&lt;/a&gt;  et conseiller scientifique au &lt;a href="index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;task=view&amp;amp;id=1006&amp;amp;Itemid=180"&gt;Plan Urbanisme Construction Architecture&lt;/a&gt; (PUCA).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&#13;
De novembre 2010 à novembre 2013, un dessinateur, Damien Roudeau, s’installe chaque mois quelques jours dans cette copropriété en rénovation pour animer des ateliers, croquer ses temps faibles et écouter la voix d'un quartier, qui, s'il incarne galère et relégation dans les médias, rêve, avance, construit... Et refuse la fatalité.&#13;
&#13;
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The World Bank

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April 2011 (updated version)

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329</text>
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                <text>&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
For millions of people around the world, violence, or the fear of violence, is a daily reality. Much of this violence concentrates in urban centers in the developing world. Cities are now home to half the world's population and expected to absorb almost all new population growth over the next 25 years. In many cases, the scale of urban violence can eclipse those of open warfare; some of the world's highest homicide rates occur in countries that have not undergone a war, but that have serious epidemics of violence in urban areas. This study emerged out of a growing recognition that urban communities themselves are an integral part of understanding the causes and impacts of urban violence and of generating sustainable violence prevention initiatives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The study used a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to understand how urban residents experience and cope with high levels of violence every day, and to develop strategic orientations for how to better support existing initiatives. The study found a variety of coping mechanisms, most of which were individual-level strategies to avoid victimization such as staying at home more, changing routes to school or work, or simply &amp;quot;doing nothing.&amp;quot; Many strategies actually undermine long-term prevention, including strategies like joining a vigilante group or militia, or using other extra-legal forms of justice. Recommendations from the study focus on creating the basic conditions that urban communities need to be able to come together collectively to address violence, from upgrading basic infrastructure, to better harnessing the energies of youth and increasing coordination across levels and sectors of government and civil society.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
De nos jours, dans les villes, la violence des jeunes alarme, inqui&amp;egrave;te. &amp;quot;Ils sont de plus en plus violents, de plus en plus jeunes&amp;quot;, entend-on r&amp;eacute;guli&amp;egrave;rement de l'opinion publique. Pourtant, ces commentaires ne reposent sur aucune base scientifique fiable : ils rel&amp;egrave;vent d&amp;rsquo;un discours construit depuis pr&amp;egrave;s de deux cents ans sur des faits peu repr&amp;eacute;sentatifs et des impressions non critiqu&amp;eacute;es.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jusqu&amp;rsquo;ici, ville et violence, jeunesse et violence, voire jeunesse et ville &amp;eacute;taient analys&amp;eacute;es de mani&amp;egrave;re s&amp;eacute;par&amp;eacute;e ; en revanche, la probl&amp;eacute;matique de la violence des jeunes dans l&amp;rsquo;espace public urbain n&amp;rsquo;avait pas donn&amp;eacute; lieu &amp;agrave; des recherches crois&amp;eacute;es.&lt;br /&gt;
Par la confrontation syst&amp;eacute;matique des sources (r&amp;eacute;pressives, discursives) et selon une pluralit&amp;eacute; d&amp;rsquo;approches m&amp;eacute;thodologiques (travail sur archives, enqu&amp;ecirc;te orale), les auteurs de ce livre, historiens, criminologues ou sociologues, tentent de cerner l&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;cart existant entre perception et r&amp;eacute;alit&amp;eacute; du ph&amp;eacute;nom&amp;egrave;ne aux diff&amp;eacute;rentes p&amp;eacute;riodes de l&amp;rsquo;histoire.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sur la base de recherches r&amp;eacute;centes, ils proposent de mieux comprendre quand, comment et pourquoi s&amp;rsquo;est construite dans la soci&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; europ&amp;eacute;enne cette repr&amp;eacute;sentation de la jeunesse comme vecteur de violence associ&amp;eacute; &amp;agrave; la vie urbaine.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Sommaire :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Introduction. Violences juv&amp;eacute;niles urbaines : entre masculinit&amp;eacute;s, mobilit&amp;eacute;s et m&amp;eacute;diatisations - Xavier De Weirt, Xavier Rousseaux&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PREMIERE PARTIE&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Pourquoi les jeunes font-ils peur ? Socio-histoire d'une anxi&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
La d&amp;eacute;linquance juv&amp;eacute;nile, des &amp;quot;Blousons noirs&amp;quot; &amp;agrave; nos jours. Le d&amp;eacute;tour historique comme pr&amp;eacute;alable au questionnement sociologique contemporain - Laurent Mucchielli&lt;br /&gt;
De la jeunesse belliqueuse &amp;agrave; la d&amp;eacute;linquance juv&amp;eacute;nile. Jeunes, violence et urbanit&amp;eacute; dans les soci&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute;s m&amp;eacute;di&amp;eacute;vales et modernes (1300-1850) - Aude Musin, Xavier Rousseaux&lt;br /&gt;
Jeunes, ville et violence. Grande-Bretagne XIXe-XXe si&amp;egrave;cles - Philippe Chassaigne&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
DEUXIEME PARTIE&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;La ville, foyer de violence juv&amp;eacute;nile ? Etudes de terrain&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Violence juv&amp;eacute;nile &amp;agrave; Paris au temps des Apaches. Fin XIXe si&amp;egrave;cle&amp;ndash;d&amp;eacute;but du XXe si&amp;egrave;cle - Jean-Claude Farcy&lt;br /&gt;
D&amp;eacute;viances et d&amp;eacute;linquance d&amp;rsquo;une jeunesse populaire dans un quartier ouvrier en transformation durant le XXe si&amp;egrave;cle. De l&amp;rsquo;Entre-deux-guerres &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;&amp;egrave;re postindustrielle - &amp;Eacute;ric Marli&amp;egrave;re&lt;br /&gt;
Terreurs de quartiers. Jeunesse et violences &amp;agrave; Marseille (1850-1914) - C&amp;eacute;line Regnard&lt;br /&gt;
Un faux probl&amp;egrave;me ? La violence des jeunes &amp;agrave; Anvers dans la premi&amp;egrave;re moiti&amp;eacute; du XXe si&amp;egrave;cle - Antoon Vrints&lt;br /&gt;
La r&amp;eacute;bellion &amp;agrave; Bruxelles apr&amp;egrave;s la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1945-1975). Un contre-exemple &amp;agrave; la construction sociale dominante du ph&amp;eacute;nom&amp;egrave;ne comme action collective et juv&amp;eacute;nile - Melpomeni Skordou&lt;br /&gt;
Des jeunes adultes jug&amp;eacute;s devant le tribunal correctionnel de Bruxelles. La perception des comportements violents entre rouages judiciaires et approche de la r&amp;eacute;alit&amp;eacute; (1946-1975) - Xavier De Weirt&lt;br /&gt;
Postface. Le savoir et la distance - Dominique Kalifa&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Michel Wieviorka&lt;br /&gt;
Editorial. Approche compar&amp;eacute;e des violences urbaines&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fran&amp;ccedil;ois Dubet&lt;br /&gt;
A propos de la violence et des jeunes&lt;br /&gt;
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Sophie Body-Gendrot&lt;br /&gt;
Les nouvelles formes de la violence urbaine aux Etats-Unis&lt;br /&gt;
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Jean-Claude Monet&lt;br /&gt;
Polices et violences urbaines : la loi et le d&amp;eacute;sordre dans les villes anglo-saxonnes&lt;br /&gt;
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Didier Lapeyronnie&lt;br /&gt;
De l'int&amp;eacute;gration &amp;agrave; la s&amp;eacute;gr&amp;eacute;gation&lt;br /&gt;
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Virginie Linhart &lt;br /&gt;
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Angelina Peralva&lt;br /&gt;
Br&amp;eacute;sil : les nouvelles faces de la violence&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Urban Violence and Male Spatial Identity.

The theme of urban violence has swept into the fields of politics, ethics, and is getting in the economic one. The authors of the damages seem well identified. When referring to the media, public authorities, politicians and to many research works, the main responsible of the muggings are namely and almost unanimously, youngsters from immigrant origin living in disadvantaged suburbs. Residential environment plays a complex part in the relationships these young people establish with others through their actions on space. Both men and women agree that leaving their neighbourhood is the best solution for them. It is indeed a "rotten area", symbol of boredom and social, exclusion. But, unlike women or girls, men also describe this area as their territory, where they feel at home and that they have appropriated as time go by. They belong to gangs and networks, which are short-term and precarious, but there they find friendship and solidarity as well as some financial income. When looking at their behaviour, it appears that these acts of violence in the public space show a (re)assertion of traditional values of feminity and masculinity, or even manliness.</text>
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                <text>Le thème des violences urbaines a envahi les champs du politique, de la morale, et prend même de l'importance dans celui de l'économique. Les auteurs de tels méfaits paraissent bien identifiés. À en croire les médias, les pouvoirs publics, les élus et beaucoup de travaux de recherche, les principaux responsables des agressions sont, explicitement et de façon quasi unanime, les « jeunes » appartenant à des familles issues de l'immigration et vivant dans les banlieues déshéritées des périphéries urbaines. La proximité résidentielle joue un rôle complexe dans la relation au monde que les « jeunes » de ces banlieues établissent à travers leurs actions sur l'espace. Elle est certes une « zone pourrie », symbole d'ennui et d'exclusion sociale : hommes et femmes estiment qu'en sortir est le seul moyen de s'en sortir. Mais à la différence des femmes, les hommes la décrivent aussi comme un territoire où ils sont chez eux, qu'ils se sont appropriés au fil du temps. Les « bandes » et réseaux dont ils font partie sont certes éphémères et fragiles, mais ils y puisent amitié et solidarité, souvent aussi des revenus financiers. En examinant les conduites des acteurs, il apparaît que les violences s 'exprimant « en public » sont une (ré)affirmation des traditionnelles valeurs de féminité et de masculinité, voire de virilité, qui identifient très fortement tout espace résidentiel dans la ville moderne.</text>
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Charlotte Boisteau</text>
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Mars 2012

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L'Harmattan

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174</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Le ph&amp;eacute;nom&amp;egrave;ne des violences urbaines et le sentiment d'ins&amp;eacute;curit&amp;eacute; sont au c&amp;oelig;ur des dynamiques urbaines contemporaines. Pour r&amp;eacute;pondre &amp;agrave; la demande de s&amp;eacute;curit&amp;eacute; des citoyens, des moyens publics, priv&amp;eacute;s et communautaires, servent les nouvelles politiques urbaines dans les grandes m&amp;eacute;tropoles. Pour ne pas passer du conflit l&amp;eacute;gitime &amp;agrave; la violence, il faudra reconsid&amp;eacute;rer l'anomie dans la ville, ne plus vouloir ignorer l'&amp;eacute;tat de destructuration de certains territoires et r&amp;eacute;pondre aux risques urbains.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Charlotte Boisteau&lt;/b&gt;, docteure &amp;egrave;s sciences de l'Ecole polytechnique f&amp;eacute;d&amp;eacute;rale de Lausanne, a &amp;eacute;tudi&amp;eacute; la sociologie et les sciences politiques. Elle s'emploie &amp;agrave; lier la recherche et l'action : ses recherches universitaires se concentrent sur les violences urbaines tandis qu'elle exerce dans le champ des relations internationales.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Mitrovica est une ville décirée entre deux communautés : les Serbes se sont regroupés au Nord de la frontière Ibar, tandis que les Albanais se concentrent au Sud. Aujourd'hui, 7 ans après la guerre, chaque communauté essaie de définir son identité en rejet de "l'Autre". On est Albanais du Kosovo, Serbes du Kosovo, Roms du Kosovo, Gorans du Kosovo... mais jamais kosovars. Dans ce contexte difficle où la haine de l'Autre prime sur la construction identitaire et dans les débats du statut futur du Kosovo, différents organismes essaient de réconcilier les populations par le biais du sport. Les enfants ne connaissent de "l'Autre" que la haine et la violnce nées des rancoeurs de leurs parents. Pourtant, l'action de l'ONG Sports sans frontières et des Actions civilo-militaires menées par l'Armée française montrent que le sport peut être un moyen de réunir des enfants de différentes communautés, dans un contexte de violence extrême, et de leur apprendre, par les règles du sport, à se connaître, se respecter, voire lier des amitiés durables. Dans ce cas, les enjeux des actions humanitaires, quelque soit le type d'acteurs (ONG ou militaires), sont multiples : faire oublier la guerre par le loisir, apprendre des règles de vie en collectivité au-delà des clivages intercommunautaires, et réconcilier les jeunes générations qui sont l'avenir du Kosovo, où la paix est aujourd'hui si fragile. Cette analyse se propose de présenter le contexte de Mitrovica, ville où la rivière Ibar est devenue une véritable frontière perçue et pratiquée par les deux communautés majoritaires, de sorte à se transformer en deux villes : une Kosovska Mitrovica serbe au Nord, et une Mitrovicë albanaise au Sud. Puis, l'étude de l'action de l'ONG Sports sans frontières dans la ville montre la volonté d'acteurs humanitaires de remplacer la violence intercommunautaire par le dialogue par le biais de la constitution d'équipes de football mêlant des enfants des différentes communautés. Enfin, l'action civilo-militaire se situe dans la même problématique, avec une priorité accordée aux enfants par la reconstruction des écoles, des stades, des programmes sportifs... Pour autant, ce sont des pratiques difficiles à mettre concrètement en place, au-delà de la théorie, du fait de la défiance des parents vis-à-vis de ces projets et de la barrière de la langue.</text>
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                <text>Pissoat O., Barbary Olivier. Violencias y ciudades. In : Dureau Françoise (coord.), Barbary Olivier (coord.), Gouëset V. (coord.), Pissoat O. (coord.), Lulle T. (coord.), Rengifo Lozano B. (trad.)  Ciudades y sociedades en mutacion : lecturas cruzadas sobre Colombia. Lima (PER) ; Bogota (COL) ; Paris : IFEA ; Universidad Externado de Colombia ; IRD, 2007, 242, p. 295-349. (Travaux de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines). </text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;From the Introduction by Talja Blokland :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; This &amp;lsquo;virtual&amp;rsquo; issue of IJURR brings together thirteen articles on Dutch cities, published in print in the journal since 2001 or published online (in &amp;lsquo;EarlyView&amp;rsquo;) and awaiting publication in print. This set of articles explores some of the ways in which Dutch cities are distinctive, especially in terms of the design, struggles over, and effects of urban policy. The collection is intended to enable scholars who are not specialists on the Netherlands to use Dutch cases to contribute to theorizing the interconnections between state, public policy and public participation. Here, Dutch cities have a particularly strong tradition. As this introduction argues, the articles provide essential insights into the workings and shortcomings of Dutch (although primarily Amsterdam) urban policies, and clearly show how the instrumental rationality of such policies have come to prevail, while substantial rational discussions - or urban politics rather than urban policy - have become of relatively minor importance. This, in combination with a focus on urban policy rather than urbanism in current Dutch urban studies, leave some of the remarkable developments within the fully urbanized Dutch society - in particular the current growth in various forms of exclusionary practices, including those based on race and ethnicity - relatively open for an important new research agenda.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Contents :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Talja Blokland - Introduction&lt;/div&gt; Jamie Peck - Recreative city : Amsterdam, vehicular ideas, and the adaptive spaces of creative policy&lt;/div&gt; Anita Kokx - Partnerships in urban restructuring : Building long-term relationships or a pragmatic managerial tool? The Dutch experience&lt;/div&gt; Gwen Van Eijk - Exclusionary policies are not just about the 'neoliberal city' : A critique of theories of urban revanchism and the case of Rotterdam&lt;/div&gt; Sako Musterd and Ewald Engelen - Amsterdam in crisis : How the (local) state buffers and suffers&lt;/div&gt; Susan S. Fainstein - Mega-projects in New York, London and Amsterdam&lt;/div&gt; Justus Uitermark and Jan Willem Duyvendak - Citizen participation in a mediated age : Neighbourhood governance in The Netherlands&lt;/div&gt; John Logan - Variations in immigrant incorporation in the neighbourhoods of Amsterdam&lt;/div&gt; Justus Uitermark, Ugo Rossi and Henk van Houtum - Reinventing multiculturalism : Urban citizenship and the negotiation of ethnic diversity in Amsterdam&lt;/div&gt; Hugo Priemus - Dutch housing allowances : Social housing at risk&lt;/div&gt; Hans Pruijt - Is the institutionalization of urban movements inevitable? A comparison of the opportunities for sustained squatting in New York City and Amsterdam&lt;/div&gt; Justus Uitermark - The co-optation of squatters in Amsterdam and the emergence of a movement meritocracy : A critical reply to Pruijt&lt;/div&gt; Hans Pruijt - Squatters in the creative city : Rejoinder to Justus Uitermark&lt;/div&gt; Talja Blokland - Bricks, mortar, memories : Neighbourhood and networks in collective arts of remembering&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Talja Blokland &lt;/b&gt;is the IJURR Reviews Editor and a Professor of Urban Sociology at Humboldt University Berlin.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>sociologie urbaine, société urbaine, logement, mouvement social, postfordism, postfordisme, croissance urbaine, ville mondiale, world city, mixité sociale, exclusion, participation, éducation, culture urbaine, ville en guerre, précarité</text>
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                <text>Wiley Blackwell  </text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Critical Scholarship in Urban Sociology....&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; These classic and recent articles published in IJURR provide a flavour of the kind of critical urban scholarship associated with the journal. IJURR is a forum for scholarship from a variety of disciplines, but we are especially proud of our long association with RC21 (Urban and Regional Development) of the International Sociology Association).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; IJURR was founded in 1977 by many of the scholars who had formed RC21 a few years earlier, including Ray Pahl, Enzo Mingione, Edmond Preteceille, Manuel Castells, Chris Pickvance, Frances Fox Piven and Michael Harloe. For 35 years, IJURR has pioneered many of the key debates in urban sociology and urban studies more generally. Led by a truly multinational (and multilingual) editorial team, IJURR promotes the critical study of the city and urban life, across North America, Europe and the &amp;lsquo;global South&amp;rsquo;.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Contents:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Jeremy Seekings and Roger Keil - The International Journal of Urban and Regional Research: An editorial statement&lt;/div&gt; Peter Saunders - Beyond housing classes&lt;/div&gt; Andrew Sayer - Postfordism in question&lt;/div&gt; Manuel Castells - Les conditions sociales d'emergence des mouvements sociaux urbains&lt;/div&gt; L. Owen Kirkpatrick and Michael Peter Smith - The infrastructural limits to growth: Rethinking the urban growth machine in times of fiscal crisis&lt;/div&gt; Michael Goldman - Speculative urbanism and the making of the next world city&lt;/div&gt; Marie-H&amp;eacute;l&amp;egrave;ne Bacqu&amp;eacute;, Yankel Fijalkow, Lydie Launay and St&amp;eacute;phanie Vermeersch - Social mix policies in Paris: Discourses, policies and social effects&lt;/div&gt; Walter J. Nicholls - The Los Angeles School: Difference, politics, city&lt;/div&gt; Gwen Van Eijk - Exclusionary policies are not just about the 'neoliberal city': A critique of theories of urban revanchism and the case of Rotterdam&lt;/div&gt; Georgina Blakeley - Governing ourselves: Citizen participation and governance in Barcelona and Manchester&lt;/div&gt; Joshua M. Akers - Separate and unequal: The consumption of public education in post-Katrina New Orleans&lt;/div&gt; Jamie Peck - Recreative city: Amsterdam, vehicular ideas and the adaptive spaces of creativity policy&lt;/div&gt; Stephen Graham - When life itself is war: On the urbanization of military and security doctrine&lt;/div&gt; AbdouMaliq Simone and Vyjayanthi Rao - Securing the majority: Living through uncertainty in Jakarta&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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        <name>croissance urbaine</name>
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                <text>Virtual Research Environments are tools and technologies to enhance and support research. These online environments are dedicated to &lt;br /&gt;support collaboration whether in the management of a research activity, the discovery, analysis and curation of data or information, or &lt;br /&gt;in the communication and dissemination of research outputs. They are applicable to numerous domains, and they are particularly useful &lt;br /&gt;for Cultural Heritage purposes. Aim of this paper is to present a Virtual Research Environment (VRE) for archaeology and architecture. &lt;br /&gt;An Information System has been produced, which is based on open source software modules and works on the Internet. It permits to &lt;br /&gt;avoid users to be software driven and it makes possible for different persons to register and consult data from different places. The &lt;br /&gt;system will then improve the sharing of research and data between archaeologists working on dissimilar sites, and also between these &lt;br /&gt;professionals and the general public for the dissemination of the knowledge about the site. Our VRE has diverse objectives: digital &lt;br /&gt;archiving of archaeological and architectural datasets, data inquiry through different interfaces notably clickable plans and 3D models, &lt;br /&gt;attractive visualization and communication of information. &lt;br /&gt;The Information System includes possibilities of thematic and interactive treatments. The thematic treatments are done from the history &lt;br /&gt;and the visit of the archaeological site, from diverse search engines and from views of the records. The interactive treatments are carried &lt;br /&gt;out on plans and on 3D models that are used as interactive interfaces to access the documents and objects. It allows doing an exploratory &lt;br /&gt;visit of the site and an inquiry of all the documents that have been gathered about it, according to the interests of each visitor. The &lt;br /&gt;tool proposed is usable for every kind of archaeological site, and allows managing and visualizing very diverse types of data. Our first &lt;br /&gt;experimentations and tests have been done on sites managed by the Service of the National Sites and Monuments of Luxembourg: the &lt;br /&gt;medieval castle of Vianden and the gallo-roman villa of Echternach. &lt;br /&gt;In the system, data with metadata chosen by the expert are recorded in the XML format (standard of the W3C) and automatically &lt;br /&gt;integrated in a MySQL database. Afterwards, the registered information is made accessible through different interfaces, particularly &lt;br /&gt;interactive 2D and 3D representations, which permit queries at spatial and temporal levels. These clickable representations are 2D &lt;br /&gt;images or vectors created in SVG, and 3D models produced in VRML and X3D, for a full compliance with the W3C recommendations. &lt;br /&gt;The 3D models are principally historical models, which have been initially created from multiple data sources like texts, old paper &lt;br /&gt;plans, drawings, sections, etc., coming from the excavation work of the archaeologists. At the beginning they were in a particular &lt;br /&gt;modeler format. They have been exported in VRML and X3D afterwards, and then made interactive thanks to anchor processes. It is &lt;br /&gt;now possible to click on these models to access all the data from which they have been produced. In addition, the user of the system can &lt;br /&gt;generate his own 3D models and composition plans thanks to multi-criteria data entry forms. He has the choice to select for example &lt;br /&gt;one or several places and one or several historical phases, for which he wants to generate ”on the fly” the 3D model to see the historical &lt;br /&gt;evolutions of the site. Approximately the same process is available to create synthesis 2D plans or photo-montage allowing for instance &lt;br /&gt;to superimpose the architectural arrangement of the castle today with its former configurations. &lt;br /&gt;The proposed VRE offers also different possibilities to improve the visualization of archaeological and architectural data, which have &lt;br /&gt;sometimes been gathered for a long time, often without computerized means. This information is then highlighted in a new way, rather &lt;br /&gt;than being forgotten in a drawer with any means of further exploitations.</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>Virtual research environment for the management and the visualization of complex archaeological sites.</text>
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                <text>Champs-sur-Marne ; Paris</text>
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                <text>A quelles pratiques et perceptions ordinaires donnent lieux les milieux confinés recevant du public ? Répondre à une telle question suppose de rendre compte des spécificités du sous-sol à la fois comme milieu sensible et comme espace public. A cet égard, l'hypothèse de départ est que l'environnement souterrain renvoie à une forme particulière d'expérience visuelle du public. Cette écologie sensible du sous-sol met en jeu une approche interdisciplinaire qui permet d'articuler formes sensibles, formes construites et formes sociales. L'analyse présentée propose trois axes de questionnement alimentés par des exemples issus du Grand Louvre à Paris : la construction spatio-lumineuse du milieu souterrain, les types de mobilisation sensori-motrice des passants et les modes d'apparaître du public.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00112167</text>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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                <text>EUS 95 Espace et urbanisme souterrains : Actes de la 6ème conférence internationale, Paris, 26-29 septembre 1995</text>
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                <text>EUS 95 Espace et urbanisme souterrains : Actes de la 6ème conférence internationale, Paris, 26-29 septembre 1995</text>
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                <text>EUS 95 Espace et urbanisme souterrains : Actes de la 6ème conférence internationale, Paris, 26-29 septembre 1995</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
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                <text>espace public</text>
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                <text>usager</text>
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                <text>Visions du public en sous-sol</text>
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