<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://crevilles.org/items/browse?tags=Afrique&amp;sort_field=added&amp;sort_dir=a&amp;output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-06-10T10:56:23+02:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>1</pageNumber>
      <perPage>20</perPage>
      <totalResults>51</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="19816" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331681">
                <text>Le Cap après l'apartheid</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331682">
                <text>métropolisation, pauvreté, Afrique, Le Cap, Dubresson Alain, Jaglin Sylvie</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331683">
                <text>
A. Dubresson et S. Jaglin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331684">
                <text>
Juin 2008

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331685">
                <text>
Karthala

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331686">
                <text>
288</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331687">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;Les auteurs de cet ouvrage sont des universitaires fran&amp;ccedil;ais et sud-africains. Leurs contributions visent &amp;agrave; comprendre comment les diff&amp;eacute;rentes &amp;eacute;quipes de gestion de la ville du Cap se sont efforc&amp;eacute;es de g&amp;eacute;rer simultan&amp;eacute;ment la strat&amp;eacute;gie de croissance de la ville et la lutte contre la pauvret&amp;eacute;.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Le livre contribue au d&amp;eacute;bat sur les formes sp&amp;eacute;cifiques d'articulation entre m&amp;eacute;tropolisation et mondialisation dans les pays &amp;eacute;mergents.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331688">
                <text>Ouvrage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1229">
        <name>Dubresson Alain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1230">
        <name>Jaglin Sylvie</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1214">
        <name>Le Cap</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="144">
        <name>métropolisation</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="199">
        <name>pauvreté</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="19892" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="332289">
                <text>Johannesburg. La fin de l'apartheid : et après ?</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="332290">
                <text>Johannesburg, apartheid, Afrique, Cessou Sabine, témoignage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="332291">
                <text>
Sabine Cessou</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="332292">
                <text>
3 janvier 2008

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="332293">
                <text>
Autrement

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="332294">
                <text>
203</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="332295">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Au premier abord, Johannesburg d&amp;eacute;route. Une impression de vide domine. Son &amp;acirc;me ? Fragmentaire, fond&amp;eacute;e sur la s&amp;eacute;paration totale, r&amp;eacute;ussie, achev&amp;eacute;e et persistante, malgr&amp;eacute; les enclaves de mixit&amp;eacute;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Quatorze ans apr&amp;egrave;s la fin de l'apartheid, la soci&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; &amp;quot; arc-en-ciel &amp;quot; appel&amp;eacute;e de ses v&amp;oelig;ux par le prix Nobel de la paix Desmond Tutu a-t-elle enfin vu le jour ? Comment g&amp;eacute;rer l'expansion d'une m&amp;eacute;galopole africaine qui a si longtemps v&amp;eacute;cu sur le mode de la s&amp;eacute;gr&amp;eacute;gation entre banlieues riches et blanches et townships noirs mis&amp;eacute;reux ? Quelles sont aujourd'hui les &amp;eacute;nergies &amp;agrave; l'&amp;oelig;uvre dans celle que l'on consid&amp;egrave;re comme l'une des cit&amp;eacute;s les plus dangereuses au monde ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Johannesburg, ville neuve, n'a jamais vou&amp;eacute; de culte particulier au pass&amp;eacute;. Elle est &amp;agrave; pr&amp;eacute;sent r&amp;eacute;solument tourn&amp;eacute;e vers l'avenir. En t&amp;eacute;moignent les personnalit&amp;eacute;s interview&amp;eacute;es dans ce livre - &amp;eacute;crivains, architectes, entrepreneurs ou artistes -, Noirs et Blancs... en couleurs. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Sabine Cessou&lt;/strong&gt; est journaliste. Elle a travaill&amp;eacute; &amp;agrave; Johannesburg pendant cinq ans pour les quotidiens Lib&amp;eacute;ration et La Tribune, le site Internet de Radio France internationale (&lt;a href="http://www.rfi.fr/" target="_blank"&gt;RFI&lt;/a&gt;) et la revue &lt;a href="http://www.africultures.com" target="_blank"&gt;Africultures&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="332296">
                <text>Ouvrage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1401">
        <name>apartheid</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1402">
        <name>Cessou Sabine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1213">
        <name>Johannesburg</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="226">
        <name>témoignage</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="19981" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="332999">
                <text>La ville africaine : entre métissage et protestation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="333000">
                <text>, lien social, immigration, Afrique, colonisation;, religion, Collantes Diez Carlos</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="333001">
                <text>
Carlos Collantes Diez</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="333002">
                <text>
Septembre 2008

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="333003">
                <text>
L'Harmattan

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="333004">
                <text>
312</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="333005">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Miroir des transformations et des mutations permanentes, la ville est-elle le reflet privil&amp;eacute;gi&amp;eacute; des &amp;eacute;changes entre tradition et modernit&amp;eacute; ? Est-elle le lieu de reconstruction de nouvelles solidarit&amp;eacute;s ? Comment se construit le lien social ?&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Les mouvements migratoires ne sont pas nouveaux en Afrique subsaharienne, mais les int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;ts des puissances coloniales les ont intensifi&amp;eacute;s, orient&amp;eacute;s et forc&amp;eacute;s ; ces mouvements se sont accrus depuis les ind&amp;eacute;pendances, donnant lieu &amp;agrave; des ph&amp;eacute;nom&amp;egrave;nes d'explosion et de croissance urbaine. Y'a-t-il des migrations qui r&amp;eacute;pondent &amp;agrave; une logique d'individualisation, voulues et v&amp;eacute;cues comme un moyen d'&amp;eacute;mancipation par rapport &amp;agrave; des contraintes et &amp;agrave; des pratiques sociales traditionnelles de d&amp;eacute;pendance concernant les cadets sociaux ?&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Les &amp;quot;sectes&amp;quot; ornent le paysage urbain. Quelle est la signification sociale de ces groupes ? Sommes-nous devant des groupements religieux &amp;quot;&amp;agrave; la carte&amp;quot;, des groupes &amp;agrave; caract&amp;egrave;te utilitariste en fonction de leur utilit&amp;eacute; sociale ? Les repr&amp;eacute;sentations religieuses sont-elles des facteurs symboliques dans la construction du lien social ?&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Institut Catholique de Paris&lt;/a&gt;, est devenu missionnaire au Cameroun. Il travaille actuellement en Espagne.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="333006">
                <text>Ouvrage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1544">
        <name>Collantes Diez Carlos</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1543">
        <name>colonisation;</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="124">
        <name>immigration</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="262">
        <name>lien social</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="93">
        <name>religion</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20112" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334377">
                <text>ECAS 2009 3rd European conference on African studies</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334378">
                <text>Afrique, Africa, aménagement de l'espace, fragmentation sociale, droit à la ville, migration urbaine, urbanisation, espace public, espace urbain, histoire urbaine, développement urbain, économie, sécurité, ségrégation urbaine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334379">
                <text>
Multiple authors

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334380">
                <text>
4-7 June 2009
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334381">
                <text>
Africa-Europe Group for Interdisciplinary Studies (AEGIS)

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334382">
                <text>http://aegis-eu.org/archive/ecas2009/panels_round_tables.htm</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334383">
                <text>
Various</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334384">
                <text>The 3rd European conference on African studies included a number of panels and papers on the subject of cities and urban studies, some of which are freely available as full text (see list below - only full-text papers on topics related to urban studies have been listed).&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Organisers' description : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;List of papers (click on the panel name to access the full-text papers from that panel): &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Panel 140 : Navigating urban space&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Gabriella Korling - Negotiating rights to the city: the development of neighbourhoods in peri-urban Niamey, Niger&lt;/div&gt;
Maciej Kurcz - How to Survive in an African City? A Migrant in the Face of Urbanization Processes in the South Sudanese Juba&lt;/div&gt;
Ulrika Andersson - The Wrong Clothes: Reinterpreting Spaces in a Nigerian City&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Panel 56 : Fragmented and fluid urbanities&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Christine Hentschel - Navigating crime and the making of instant space, Durban South Africa&lt;br /&gt;
Edgar Pieterse - Exploratory Notes on African Urbanisms&lt;br /&gt;
Garth Myers - What if the Postmetropolis is Lusaka?&lt;br /&gt;
Laura Wenz - The rise of the creative economy in Cape Town/South Africa and its implications for urban development&lt;br /&gt;
Stephen Marr - No one can see if your belly is empty : The politics and performance of insurgent consumption in Gaborone, Botswana&lt;br /&gt;
William Freund - Kinshasa - The Congolese elite and the fragmented city&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Panel 51 : Spatial transformations in African towns&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Karin Pallaver - A second Zanzibar . Some notes on the history of precolonial and early colonial Tabora, Tanzania (1840-1912).&lt;br /&gt;
Kristina Helgesson Kjellin - Relating to the Durban Urban Space. Experiences of Spatial Transformations Among South African Pentecostals&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334385">
                <text>Autre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="969">
        <name>Africa</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="353">
        <name>aménagement de l'espace</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="40">
        <name>développement urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="583">
        <name>droit à la ville</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="104">
        <name>économie</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="115">
        <name>espace public</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="72">
        <name>espace urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1521">
        <name>fragmentation sociale</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="126">
        <name>histoire urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="573">
        <name>migration urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="185">
        <name>sécurité</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="435">
        <name>ségrégation urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="80">
        <name>urbanisation</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20123" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334476">
                <text>(Re)reading the African urban landscape : Postamble (Vol. 4, No. 2)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334477">
                <text>, paysage urbain, littérature, film, photographie, espace urbain, santé, Africa, Afrique, O'Shaughnessy Emma Vivian</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334478">
                <text>NC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334479">
                <text>
2009

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334480">
                <text>
University of Cape Town Centre for African Studies

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334481">
                <text>http://www.postamble.org/article/contents.aspx?Issueid=12</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334482">
                <text>
N/A</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334483">
                <text>&lt;b&gt;From the editorial by Emma Vivian O'Shaughnessy : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
We hope that this edition of postamble presents avenues through which readers can imagine a different type of urban language, one that accommodates the differences between all the world&amp;rsquo;s cities and one that has the capacity to deconstruct or dismantle the bifurcations traditionally established within the discourse of &amp;lsquo;the west&amp;rsquo; and &amp;lsquo;the rest.&amp;rsquo; This language must enable us to access and understand African cities, in all their manifestations. We do not seek to dismiss the harsh realities of most of Africa&amp;rsquo;s urban centres, the suffering of many of its peoples, nor the ways in which the distribution of power and wealth in African cities and states reflects the dominant world order. However, what we do seek to do here is to prompt an engagement with African urban discourse, to portray the routes that many have taken as they try to assess and redefine the potentials, as well as the pitfalls, of the African urban landscape. At the same time, we hope to contribute to this moment in urban history, where a new form of urban discourse and a powerful response to established world orders is emerging from spaces like Africa.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Contents : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
(Re)reading the African urban landscape - Emma Vivian O'Shaughnessy&lt;/div&gt;
African urban discourse : Invisible and reflexive practice in African cities - Emma Vivian O'Shaughnessy&lt;/div&gt;
Walking the city : Movement and space in Peter Abrahams' 'Mine Boy' - Megan Jones&lt;/div&gt;
Recreating the African city in Zakes Mda's Ways of Dying - Megan Cole Paustian&lt;/div&gt;
'Diseased dystopias'? HIV/AIDS and the South African city in 'Yesterday' and 'Tsotsi' - Rebecca Hodes&lt;/div&gt;
Crisis averted - Clare Butcher&lt;/div&gt;
Twin town - Svea Josephy&lt;/div&gt;
Soft city - Emma O'Shaughnessy&lt;/div&gt;
Book reviews&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Emma O'Shaughnessy &lt;/b&gt;is a graduate student in English language and literature at the University of Cape Town.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334484">
                <text>Revue</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="969">
        <name>Africa</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="72">
        <name>espace urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="665">
        <name>film</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="64">
        <name>littérature</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1649">
        <name>O'Shaughnessy Emma Vivian</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="117">
        <name>paysage urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="24">
        <name>photographie</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="884">
        <name>santé</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20126" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334503">
                <text>The African city centre re(sourced) : African Perspectives 2009 congress</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334504">
                <text>Africa, Afrique, centre-ville, espace urbain, forme urbaine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334505">
                <text>
Multiple authors

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334506">
                <text>
25 - 28 September 2009

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334507">
                <text>
University of Pretoria
&amp;nbsp;


</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334508">
                <text>http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=9497&amp;amp;subid=9497&amp;amp;ipklookid=48</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334509">
                <text>

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334510">
                <text>&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
 , is it a historical core, a business district or no physical location at all? Food for a lengthy palaver.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Out of the central theme, three sub-themes were distilled to enable in-depth debate: (1) the African City Centre in contemporary global context, (2) the (historic) identity of the African City Centre and (3) the future life of the African City Centre. It is on these three sub-themes that entries were called-in.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Entries... range  from art work, film, architectural projects to scientifically reviewed academic papers. These are included in the following presentation.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Papers : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Master keynote address :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Imagining Urban Futures - Heinrich Wolff&lt;br /&gt;
Economic heterogeneity and the return of the central city - Abdumaliq Simone&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Refereed papers :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The woes of a 'straight jacketed' central business district: The case study of Odum, Kumasi - S.O. Afram and G.F.A. Olympio&lt;br /&gt;
Meanings and perceptions of the built environment peri-urban areas of Maputo, Mozambique - Jorgen E Andersen&lt;br /&gt;
The indigenous urban tissue of Addis-Ababa - A city model for the future growth of African metropolis - J&amp;ouml;rg Baumeister and Nikolaus Knebel&lt;br /&gt;
Agency in an African city. The various trajectories through time and space of the public market of Kinshasha - Luce Beeckmans&lt;br /&gt;
Recentering the city: An anthropology of secondary cities in Africa - Filip De Boeck, Ann Cassiman and Steven van Wolputte&lt;br /&gt;
The urban market: Social and spatial configurations in the African city - Garret Gantner&lt;br /&gt;
Working on cities: an Experience from Kumasi, Ghana. A design studio for architects and urban managment students - Ellen Geurts&lt;br /&gt;
'Cities without slums'? Global architects of power and the African city - Branwen Gruffydd Jones&lt;br /&gt;
coffeemanifesto: sampling instant and slow spaces in the African city - Hannah le Roux&lt;br /&gt;
Planned and unplanned towns in former Portuguese colonies in sub-saharan Africa: an analysis of Silveira's Iconografia - M.C. Matos, T.B. Ramos and L.P. Costa&lt;br /&gt;
Narrating urban acupuncture  - B&amp;auml;rbel M&amp;uuml;ller&lt;br /&gt;
Diagnoses on Cairo City, reflective analysis of Ramses square - Ayatollah Musa and Robert H.C. van Kats&lt;br /&gt;
UniverCity-centre: the university as an anchor and its capacity for democratizing urban space - Caroline Newton&lt;br /&gt;
The evolution of the Kibuga into Kampala's city centre - analysis of the transformation of an African city - Barnabas Nawangwe&lt;br /&gt;
A search for specificity: learning from Africa - Liz Ogbu&lt;br /&gt;
Ethical positions in Built Environment education - Mark R.O. Olweny and Charles L.M. Olweny&lt;br /&gt;
Ile-Ife: a cultural phenomenon in the throes of transformation - Cordelia O. Osasona, Lee O. Ogunshakin and David A. Jiboye&lt;br /&gt;
African city: towards a new paradigm - &amp;quot;chameleonic&amp;quot; urbanism for hybrid cities - DMLS Viana&lt;br /&gt;
Xilunguine, Louren&amp;ccedil;o Marques, Maputo &amp;ndash; structure and agency in urban form: past, present and future - Paul Jenkins&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Refereed Posters :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Learning from Earth - Caitlin Martusewicz&lt;br /&gt;
Garden City Settlements - Garret Gantner&lt;br /&gt;
Between Land and Water - Giovanni Vio &lt;br /&gt;
Working on Cities - Imanuel Sirron-Kakpor     &lt;br /&gt;
Modernism vs Capitalism - Paulo Moreira&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334511">
                <text>Autre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="969">
        <name>Africa</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="590">
        <name>centre-ville</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="72">
        <name>espace urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="105">
        <name>forme urbaine</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20140" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1008">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/52a087509cba1494ad921f4ca718b514.jpg</src>
        <authentication>7b05ea6b2dcd7d6e6c3d4eaab082bae5</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="334638">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="334639">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="334642">
                    <text>185</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="334643">
                    <text>140</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334629">
                <text>La transition urbaine en Afrique subsaharienne</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334630">
                <text>, urbanisation, Afrique, bidonville, développement urbain, pauvreté, société urbaine, économie, Kessides Christine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334631">
                <text>
Christine Kessides</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334632">
                <text>
2006

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334633">
                <text>
The Cities Alliance

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334634">
                <text>http://www.citiesalliance.org/publications/homepage-features/sept-06/ssa-pubs.html</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334635">
                <text>
121</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334636">
                <text>&lt;b&gt;Extrait de l'avant-propos :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
L&amp;rsquo;Afrique s&amp;rsquo;urbanise vite. Dans cet essai synth&amp;eacute;tique, Christine Kessides analyse les principaux aspects des d&amp;eacute;fis particuliers que doit affronter l&amp;rsquo;Afrique subsaharienne face &amp;agrave; sa rapide urbanisation et pr&amp;eacute;sente un certain nombre de mani&amp;egrave;re d&amp;rsquo;y r&amp;eacute;pondre. Elle d&amp;eacute;crit le contexte dans lequel s&amp;rsquo;inscrit cette urbanisation acc&amp;eacute;l&amp;eacute;r&amp;eacute;e : comment faire de ces villes en d&amp;eacute;veloppement des partenaires constructifs du d&amp;eacute;veloppement du continent, capables de r&amp;eacute;duire la pauvret&amp;eacute; persistante des popultations rurales et urbaines; quelles sont les conditions requises pour r&amp;eacute;ussir; quels sont les enjeux, ou quels sont les co&amp;ucirc;ts d&amp;rsquo;opportunit&amp;eacute; qui p&amp;egrave;seront sur les pays d&amp;rsquo;Afrique si ces buts ne sont pas atteints, et quels sont les choix et les priorit&amp;eacute;s strat&amp;eacute;giques et op&amp;eacute;rationnels auxquels doivent faire face la plupart des pays d&amp;rsquo;Afrique pour tirer le meilleur parti du processus de transition vers une soci&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; essentiellement urbanis&amp;eacute;e.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Sommaire :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style="font-size: 11px; margin-left: 160px; padding-left: 5px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none; list-style-position: outside;"&gt;
    &lt;li style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;bull; Contexte du d&amp;eacute;veloppement urbain en Afrique subsaharienne&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;bull; Que peuvent apporter les villes aux programmes de d&amp;eacute;veloppement national, et comment&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;bull; Rendre les villes d&amp;rsquo;Afrique plus performantes en mati&amp;egrave;re de croissance &amp;eacute;conomique et de r&amp;eacute;duction de la pauvret&amp;eacute;&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;bull; Le co&amp;ucirc;t d&amp;rsquo;opportunit&amp;eacute; de l&amp;rsquo;incurie &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;egard des villes - Quels en sont les enjeux pour le d&amp;eacute;veloppement national en Afrique ?&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;bull; Priorit&amp;eacute;s et choix strat&amp;eacute;giques et op&amp;eacute;rationnels - Prendre le meilleur de la transition urbaine&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;bull; Conclusions&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;bull; Annexes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334637">
                <text>Ouvrage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="363">
        <name>bidonville</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="40">
        <name>développement urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="104">
        <name>économie</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1677">
        <name>Kessides Christine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="199">
        <name>pauvreté</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="417">
        <name>société urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="80">
        <name>urbanisation</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20167" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1035">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/fe1107d0f093f119b9cbdab27d194499.jpg</src>
        <authentication>1146b041a5726b3e2866ac2be6ebcf79</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335043">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335044">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335047">
                    <text>240</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335048">
                    <text>160</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335034">
                <text>The urban challenge in Africa : Growth and management of its large cities</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335035">
                <text>Africa, Afrique, urbanisation, croissance urbaine, mégapole, développement urbain, dynamiques urbaines, gouvernance, mondialisation, Cairo, Le Caire, Johannesburg, Lagos, Kinshasa, Abidjan, Nairobi, Rakodi Carole</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335036">
                <text>NC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335037">
                <text>
1997

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335038">
                <text>
United Nations University Press

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335039">
                <text>http://unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue00.htm#Contents</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335040">
                <text>

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335041">
                <text>&lt;b&gt;Extract from the Foreword by Heitor Gurgulino de Souza : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
With contributions from prominent urban planning scholars and experts in Africa, The Urban Challenge in Africa: Growth and Management of Its Large Cities, edited by Professor Carole Rakodi of the University of Wales, Cardiff, represents the latest in a series of books from the United Nations University Programme on Mega-cities and Urban Development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Africa, long thought of as one of the least urbanized continents, will likely have over one half of its population in urban areas by 2020. The Urban Challenge in Africa introduces and highlights many important development issues in Africa. In addition to chapters on individual cities including Cairo, Johannesburg, Kinshasa, and Lagos, the book also explores important sectoral issues such as property markets, urban governance, and urban-rural linkages.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Contents : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Foreword&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1 Introduction&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Part I Globalization and Africa: The challenge of urban growth&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2 Global forces, urban change, and urban management in Africa&lt;br /&gt;
3 Urbanization, globalization, and economic crisis in Africa&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Part II The &amp;quot;mega-cities&amp;quot; of Africa&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4 The challenge of urban growth in Cairo&lt;br /&gt;
5 Johannesburg: A city and metropolitan area in transformation&lt;br /&gt;
6 The challenges of growth and development in metropolitan Lagos&lt;br /&gt;
7 Kinshasa: A reprieved mega-city?&lt;br /&gt;
8 Abidjan: From the public making of a modern city to urban management of a metropolis&lt;br /&gt;
9 Nairobi: National capital and regional hub&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Part III The dynamics of city development&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
10 Globalization or informalization? African urban economies in the 1990s&lt;br /&gt;
11 Residential property markets in African cities&lt;br /&gt;
12 The state and civil society: Politics, government, and social organization in African cities&lt;br /&gt;
13 Urban lives: Adopting new strategies and adapting rural links&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Part IV Rising to the challenge&lt;br /&gt;
14 Towards appropriate urban development policy in emerging mega-cities in Africa&lt;br /&gt;
15 Urban management: The recent experience&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
16 Conclusion&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Carole Rakodi &lt;/b&gt;is Emeritus Professor and Director of the Religions and Development Research Programme in the International Development Department, the University of Birmingham.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335042">
                <text>Ouvrage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="559">
        <name>Abidjan</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="969">
        <name>Africa</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1736">
        <name>Cairo</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="123">
        <name>croissance urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="40">
        <name>développement urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="343">
        <name>dynamiques urbaines</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="107">
        <name>gouvernance</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1213">
        <name>Johannesburg</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1266">
        <name>Kinshasa</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="499">
        <name>Lagos</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="215">
        <name>Le Caire</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="102">
        <name>mégapole</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="41">
        <name>mondialisation</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1737">
        <name>Nairobi</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1738">
        <name>Rakodi Carole</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="80">
        <name>urbanisation</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20186" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1054">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/f36265e134c81522023ddae26a8e8674.jpg</src>
        <authentication>b93615a6cc261411872d1bc754e2cd31</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335328">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335329">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335332">
                    <text>237</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335333">
                    <text>160</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335319">
                <text>Rural-urban dynamics in Francophone Africa</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335320">
                <text>Afrique francophone, Francophone Africa, Africa, Afrique, ruralité, rural, territoire, Baker Jonathan, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Congo, Benin, Senegal, Togo, Bénin, Sénégal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335321">
                <text>NC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335322">
                <text>
1997

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335323">
                <text>
Nordiska Afrikainstitutet

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335324">
                <text>http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:nai:diva-262</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335325">
                <text>
194</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335326">
                <text>&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
This book present some examples of the richness and variety of contemporary research on rural-urban interactions by francophone researchers. Case studies are drawn from Burkina Faso, C&amp;ocirc;te d'Ivoire, Congo, Benin, Senegal and Togo.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Contents : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Jonathan Baker - Introduction&lt;/div&gt;
Fr&amp;eacute;d&amp;eacute;ric Giraut - Contemporary dynamics of small towns in West Africa&lt;/div&gt;
Gabriel Kwami Nyassogbo - Urban-rural interactions in sub-Saharan Africa : The case of Palim&amp;eacute; and its hinterland in South-West Togo&lt;/div&gt;
Robert Edmond Ziavoula - A new look at linking towns in the Congo : What are the alternatives for a better structuring of space?&lt;/div&gt;
Albert Tingb&amp;eacute;-Azalou - Cultural dimensions of urban-rural relations in Benin : The case of Abomey and its hinterland&lt;/div&gt;
Alphonsine Bouya - The roles of women in urban-rural interaction : The case of Sokone in Senegal&lt;/div&gt;
Gabin Kponhassia - Urban life and traditional models : A study of the social networks in a secondary town in C&amp;ocirc;te d'Ivoire - the example of Agboville&lt;/div&gt;
Sylvie Bredeloup - Dimbroko, the typical Ivorian town, or the absence of urban-rural interaction?&lt;/div&gt;
Jean-Bernard Ouedraogo - Dori - a town in the Sahel : Social identities and urbanity&lt;/div&gt;
Basilisa Sanou - What solutions to the &amp;quot;antagonistic&amp;quot; urban-rural relationship? The Ouagadougou suburb project&lt;/div&gt;
Yveline D&amp;eacute;v&amp;eacute;rin-Kouanda - From the rural compound to the urban plot : Changes in the architecture and the fuctions of dwellings in Mossi Country, Burkina Faso&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Jonathan Baker &lt;/b&gt;is a Senior Research Fellow and Coordinator for the Urban Development in Rural Context in Africa programme at the Scandinavian Institute of African Studies.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335327">
                <text>Autre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="969">
        <name>Africa</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1777">
        <name>Afrique francophone</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1780">
        <name>Baker Jonathan</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1783">
        <name>Bénin</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1781">
        <name>Burkina Faso</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1467">
        <name>Congo</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1782">
        <name>Côte d'Ivoire</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1778">
        <name>Francophone Africa</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1779">
        <name>rural</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="96">
        <name>ruralité</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1784">
        <name>Sénégal</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="68">
        <name>territoire</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1785">
        <name>Togo</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20187" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1055">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/00837292662886a7479397eb66c0bbe7.jpg</src>
        <authentication>1f0ce28bc77a081493d36ca514de5ae6</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335343">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335344">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335347">
                    <text>241</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335348">
                    <text>160</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335334">
                <text>Small town Africa : Studies in rural-urban interaction</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335335">
                <text>rural, aménagement urbain, aménagement de l'espace, développement urbain, économie, urbanisation, migration urbaine, territoire, Africa, Afrique, Baker Jonathan </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335336">
                <text>NC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335337">
                <text>
1990

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335338">
                <text>
Nordiska Afrikainstitutet

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335339">
                <text>http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:nai:diva-345</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335340">
                <text>
268</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335341">
                <text>&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Small towns have often been considered as unimportant and have been largely ignored by policy-makers and researchers. Instead, attention was focussed on the large city or on rural development and agricultural change without consideration of the positive contribution that small towns can make to rural transformation. But for the rural majority of Africa's population it is the small town with which they have the most intense contacts. Case studies are presented from Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Somalia, Sudan, Zambia and Zimbabwe.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Contents : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Jonathan Baker and Claes-Fredrik Claeson - Introduction&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
PLANNING FOR SMALL URBAN CENTRES IN THE NATIONAL CONTEXT&lt;/div&gt;
Robson Silitshena - The Tswana agro-town and rural economy in Botswana&lt;/div&gt;
R.A. Obudho and G.O. Aduwo - Small urban centres and the spatial planning of Kenya&lt;/div&gt;
Layi Egunjobi - The development potentials of local central places in Nigeria&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
ECONOMIC NETWORKS, SMALL ENTERPRISES AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP&lt;/div&gt;
Poul Ove Pedersen - The role of small rural towns in development&lt;/div&gt;
Jesper Rasmussen - Small urban centres and the development of local enterprises in Zimbabwe&lt;/div&gt;
Kadmiel H. Wekwete - Rural urbanisation in Zimbabwe : Prospects for the future&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
URBAN-RURAL LINKAGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND SURVIVAL STRATEGIES&lt;/div&gt;
Anders Hjort af Ornas - Town-based pastoralism in Eastern Africa&lt;/div&gt;
J&amp;oslash;rgen Andreasen - Urban-rural linkages and their impace on urban housing in Kenya&lt;/div&gt;
Mariken Vaa - Paths to the city : Migration histories of poor women in Bamako&lt;/div&gt;
Ann Schlyter - Women in Harare : Gender aspects of urban-rural interaction&lt;/div&gt;
Tade Akin Aina - The urban poor and the commercialisation of land in Nigeria&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
THE CONSTRAINTS AND DISTORTIONS IMPOSED BY STATE POLICIES&lt;/div&gt;
Jonathan Baker - The growth and functions of small urban centres in Ethiopia&lt;/div&gt;
Jeremy gould and Gun Mickels - Regional development in marginal Africa : Luapula Provice, Zambia&lt;/div&gt;
Adil Mustafa Ahmad and Mohamed El Hadi Abu Sin - Urban development in a rural context : The case of New Haifa, Sudan&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Jonathan Baker &lt;/b&gt;is a Senior Research Fellow and Coordinator for the Urban Development in Rural Context in Africa programme at the Scandinavian Institute of African Studies.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335342">
                <text>Autre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="969">
        <name>Africa</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="353">
        <name>aménagement de l'espace</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="180">
        <name>aménagement urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1780">
        <name>Baker Jonathan</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="40">
        <name>développement urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="104">
        <name>économie</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="573">
        <name>migration urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1779">
        <name>rural</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="68">
        <name>territoire</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="80">
        <name>urbanisation</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20207" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1075">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/5a0e03c275f738099b43f28c6845234a.jpg</src>
        <authentication>df548efb39afbb7d4c6acab5ece53bf7</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335643">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335644">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335647">
                    <text>236</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335648">
                    <text>160</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335636">
                <text>Associational life in African cities : Popular responses to the urban crisis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335637">
                <text>Africa, Afrique, service public, association, gouvernance, , pauvreté, infrastructures, pays en développement, interaction sociale, religion, civil society, société civile, logement, foncier, infrastructures, Tostensen Arne, Tvedten Inge, Vaa Mariken</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335638">
                <text>NC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335639">
                <text>
2011

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335640">
                <text>
Nordiska Afrikainstitutet 

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335641">
                <text>
320</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335642">
                <text>Ouvrage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="969">
        <name>Africa</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1813">
        <name>association</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1814">
        <name>civil society</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="285">
        <name>foncier</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="107">
        <name>gouvernance</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="127">
        <name>infrastructures</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="570">
        <name>interaction sociale</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="19">
        <name>logement</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="199">
        <name>pauvreté</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="734">
        <name>pays en développement</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="93">
        <name>religion</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="586">
        <name>service public</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1815">
        <name>société civile</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1816">
        <name>Tostensen Arne</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1817">
        <name>Tvedten Inge</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1818">
        <name>Vaa Mariken</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20270" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="336321">
                <text>Les intéractions rural-urbain : circulation et mobilisation des ressources</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="336322">
                <text>interactions rural-urbain, Afrique, Afrique de l'Ouest, Afrique Centrale, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Bénin, Sénégal, conflits, insécurité, manipulations foncières, circulation des biens, distribution alimentaire, pouvoirs locaux, commerce, agriculture péri-urbaine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="336323">
                <text>NC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="336324">
                <text>2000</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="336325">
                <text> Association euro-africaine pour l&amp;rsquo;anthropologie du changement social et du d&amp;eacute;veloppement </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="336326">
                <text>http://apad.revues.org/417</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="336327">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Un num&amp;eacute;ro publi&amp;eacute; sous la direction de Abdou Salam Fall, Cheikh Gu&amp;egrave;ye et Ibrahima Dia &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Sommaire :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Abdou Salam Fall, Cheikh Gu&amp;egrave;ye et Ibrahima Dia, Editorial&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Paul P&amp;eacute;lissier, Les interactions rurales &amp;#8209; urbaines en Afrique de l'Ouest et Centrale&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Mahamadou Zongo et Paul Mathieu, Transactions fonci&amp;egrave;res marchandes dans l'ouest du Burkina Faso : vuln&amp;eacute;rabilit&amp;eacute;, conflits, s&amp;eacute;curisation, ins&amp;eacute;curisation&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Cheikh Gu&amp;egrave;ye, Le paradoxe de Touba : une ville produite par des ruraux&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Alphonse Yapi&amp;#8209;Diahou, Manipulations fonci&amp;egrave;res sur les zones industrielles dans les villes africaines&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Cheikh Ba, Circulation des biens et approvisionnement des villes, le raccourci par l'agriculture p&amp;eacute;ri&amp;#8209;urbaine et le r&amp;ocirc;le des femmes&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Hatcheu Emil Tchawe, Les commer&amp;ccedil;ants et les transporteurs dans l'approvisionnement vivrier et la distribution alimentaire &amp;agrave; Douala (Cameroun)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; E.L. Okorley et J.A. Kwarten, Women and agro&amp;#8209;processing in Africa : a case study of the state of women in fish smoking in the central region of Ghana&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Abou&amp;#8209;Bakari Imorou, Dynamique des pouvoirs locaux li&amp;eacute;s &amp;agrave; la gestion du March&amp;eacute; Central de Parakou&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Jean Adanguidi, La personnalisation de l'impersonnel. R&amp;eacute;flexion autour du commerce de l'igname &amp;agrave; Cotonou, B&amp;eacute;nin&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Safi&amp;eacute;tou Tour&amp;eacute; Fall, Abdou Salam Fall, Ibrahima Ciss&amp;eacute;, Aminata Badiane, Cheikh Alassane Fall et Maty Ba Diao, Int&amp;eacute;gration horticulture &amp;#8209; &amp;eacute;levage dans les syst&amp;egrave;mes agricoles urbains de la zone des Niayes (S&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;gal)&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="336328">
                <text>Revue</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1900">
        <name>Afrique Centrale</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1491">
        <name>Afrique de l'Ouest</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1906">
        <name>agriculture péri-urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1783">
        <name>Bénin</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1781">
        <name>Burkina Faso</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1903">
        <name>circulation des biens</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="203">
        <name>commerce</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="260">
        <name>conflits</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1904">
        <name>distribution alimentaire</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1901">
        <name>Ghana</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1041">
        <name>insécurité</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1899">
        <name>interactions rural-urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1902">
        <name>manipulations foncières</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1905">
        <name>pouvoirs locaux</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1784">
        <name>Sénégal</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20503" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="338853">
                <text>African migration and urbanization in comparative perspective</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="338854">
                <text>Africa, Afrique, santé, health, migration urbaine, urbanisation, system, système</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="338855">
                <text>
Multiple authors

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="338856">
                <text>
4 - 7 June 2003

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="338857">
                <text>
Program in Urbanization and Migration, Princeton University
&amp;nbsp;

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="338858">
                <text>http://pum.princeton.edu/pumconference/papers.html</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="338859">
                <text>

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="338860">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
In June 2003, PUM presided over a symposium that evaluated migration and urbanization in developing African countries in light of comparative evidence from Asia and Latin America. &lt;br /&gt;
Organizing the conference also brought into keen focus a significant gap in the field of migration research, namely the relationship between migration and environmental change.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Papers (only papers related to urban studies are listed) :  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Marcela Cerruti - Urbanization and internal migration patterns in Latin America&lt;/div&gt;
Bryan Roberts - Comparative systems : An overview&lt;/div&gt;
Abdou Maliq Simone - Moving towards uncertainty : Migration and the turbulence of African urban life&lt;/div&gt;
Peter Marcuse - Migration and urban spatial structure in a globalizing world : A comparative look&lt;/div&gt;
Graeme Hugo - Urbanization in Asia : An overview&lt;/div&gt;
Alejandro Portes - Urbanization in comparative perspective&lt;/div&gt;
C. Elisa Florez - Migration and the urban informal sector in Columbia&lt;/div&gt;
Patricia Fernandez-Kelly - The State and internal migration in Guadalajara and West Baltimore&lt;/div&gt;
Michel Garenne - Migration, urbanisation and child health in Africa : A global perspective&lt;/div&gt;
Burt Singer and Marcia Castro - Migration, urbanization and malaria : A comparative analysis of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Machadino, Rond&amp;ocirc;nia, Brazil&lt;/div&gt;
Mark VanLandingham - Impacts of rural to urban migration on the health of young adult migrants in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="338861">
                <text>Autre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="969">
        <name>Africa</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="887">
        <name>health</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="573">
        <name>migration urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="884">
        <name>santé</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2320">
        <name>system</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2321">
        <name>système</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="80">
        <name>urbanisation</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20574" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1216">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/33df7f489cb625155ed8c74f9d8534f0.jpg</src>
        <authentication>3c1e83b553ee9f68061f1761c68ba23c</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="339746">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="339747">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="339750">
                    <text>175</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="339751">
                    <text>135</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="339737">
                <text>L'état des villes africaines. Gouvernance, inégalités et marchés fonciers urbains</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="339738">
                <text>Afrique, urbanisation, gouvernance, inégalités, foncier</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="339739">
                <text>
ONU-Habitat</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="339740">
                <text>
Novembre 2010

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="339741">
                <text>
ONU-Habitat

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="339742">
                <text>http://www.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=9141&amp;amp;catid=7&amp;amp;typeid=46&amp;amp;subMenuId=0</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="339743">
                <text>
258</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="339744">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Extrait de la pr&amp;eacute;face de Joan Clos, directeur g&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;ral d'ONU-Habitat :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Les premie&amp;#768;res anne&amp;#769;es de ce 21e sie&amp;#768;cle ont apporte&amp;#769; un de&amp;#769;menti cinglant a&amp;#768; tous ceux, nombreux, qui croyaient a&amp;#768; un mode line&amp;#769;aire de de&amp;#769;veloppement, a&amp;#768; l&amp;rsquo;enclenchement d&amp;rsquo;une croissance cumule&amp;#769;e a&amp;#768; travers le monde de&amp;#769;bouchant sur une socie&amp;#769;te&amp;#769; de dimensions plane&amp;#769;taires. L&amp;rsquo;ide&amp;#769;ologie de marche&amp;#769; a facilite&amp;#769; bon nombre des erreurs qui ont e&amp;#769;te&amp;#769; commises a&amp;#768; travers le monde en matie&amp;#768;re de gouvernance, de gestion de l&amp;rsquo;environnement, de pratiques bancaires comme de cours des denre&amp;#769;es alimentaires et de l&amp;rsquo;e&amp;#769;nergie qui, ces dernie&amp;#768;res anne&amp;#769;es, ont se&amp;#769;rieusement e&amp;#769;branle&amp;#769; le monde entier. Si de ces chocs syste&amp;#769;miques il doit ressortir une lec&amp;#807;on, c&amp;rsquo;est que nous n&amp;rsquo;avons plus les moyens de continuer comme si rien ne s&amp;rsquo;e&amp;#769;tait passe&amp;#769;. Le besoin se fait sentir d&amp;rsquo;une volonte&amp;#769; politique supe&amp;#769;rieure et a&amp;#768; l&amp;rsquo;e&amp;#769;chelle de la plane&amp;#768;te en faveur de changements profonds pour la survie de l&amp;rsquo;humanite&amp;#769;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Sommaire&lt;/b&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;L'&amp;eacute;tat des villes africaines&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; Ge&amp;#769;ographie urbaine, croissance e&amp;#769;conomique et de&amp;#769;veloppement humain&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; Les ine&amp;#769;galite&amp;#769;s en milieu urbain &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; Gouvernement ou gouvernance ?&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; Financement public et prive&amp;#769; du logement et des infrastructures en milieu urbain&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; Les finances des collectivite&amp;#769;s locales&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; Les Objectifs du Mille&amp;#769;naire pour le De&amp;#769;veloppement, 10 ans apre&amp;#768;s&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; Les plus grandes villes d&amp;rsquo;afrique &amp;ndash; 2005/20&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;L'&amp;eacute;tat des villes d'Afrique du Nord&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; L&amp;rsquo;expansion ge&amp;#769;ographique des villes &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; La ge&amp;#769;ographie e&amp;#769;conomique des villes&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; La ge&amp;#769;ographie des marche&amp;#769;s fonciers urbains&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; La ge&amp;#769;ographie du changement climatique&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; Les nouveaux proble&amp;#768;mes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;L'&amp;eacute;tat des villes d'Afrique de l'Ouest&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; La ge&amp;#769;ographie sociale de l&amp;rsquo;urbanisation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; La ge&amp;#769;ographie e&amp;#769;conomique des villes&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; La ge&amp;#769;ographie des marche&amp;#769;s fonciers urbains&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; La ge&amp;#769;ographie du changement climatique&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; Les nouveaux proble&amp;#768;mes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;L'&amp;eacute;tat des villes d'Afrique de l'Est&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; La ge&amp;#769;ographie sociale de l&amp;rsquo;urbanisation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; La ge&amp;#769;ographie e&amp;#769;conomique des villes&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; La ge&amp;#769;ographie des marche&amp;#769;s fonciers urbains&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; La ge&amp;#769;ographie du changement climatique&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; Les nouveaux proble&amp;#768;mes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;L'&amp;eacute;tat des villes d'Afrique Centrale&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; La ge&amp;#769;ographie sociale de l&amp;rsquo;urbanisation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; Ge&amp;#769;ographie e&amp;#769;conomique des bidonvilles&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; Ge&amp;#769;ographie urbaine des marche&amp;#769;s fonciers    &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; Ge&amp;#769;ographie environnementale du changement climatique&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; Questions e&amp;#769;mergentes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;L'&amp;eacute;tat des villes d'Afrique Australe&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; La ge&amp;#769;ographie sociale de l&amp;rsquo;urbanisation&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; La ge&amp;#769;ographie e&amp;#769;conomique des villes&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; La ge&amp;#769;ographie du foncier urbain et les finances municipales&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; La ge&amp;#769;ographie du changement climatique&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;bull; Les nouveaux proble&amp;#768;mes&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="339745">
                <text>Autre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="285">
        <name>foncier</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="107">
        <name>gouvernance</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="712">
        <name>inégalités</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="80">
        <name>urbanisation</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20629" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1271">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/5aa5ce891ccd23bf4dd359842e93988d.jpg</src>
        <authentication>0b4fd331a7014a42cabb6f777a276e2a</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="340555">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="340556">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="340559">
                    <text>227</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="340560">
                    <text>160</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340546">
                <text>Pour des villes plus vertes en Afrique</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340547">
                <text>agriculture urbaine, Afrique</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340548">
                <text>
FAO</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340549">
                <text>
2012

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340550">
                <text>
FAO

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340551">
                <text>http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/greenercities/fr/SOUPHA/telecharger.html</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340552">
                <text>
116</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340553">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Extrait de l'avant-propos :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La population urbaine de l&amp;rsquo;Afrique augmente plus vite que celle de toute autre re&amp;#769;gion du monde. D&amp;rsquo;ici la fin de 2020, sur les 30 villes qui connai&amp;#770;tront la croissance la plus rapide a&amp;#768; l&amp;rsquo;e&amp;#769;chelle mondiale, 24 se trouveront sur le continent africain. En 2030, la population urbaine de l&amp;rsquo;Afrique subsaharienne devrait doubler par rapport a&amp;#768; 2010 et atteindre pre&amp;#768;s de 600 millions de personnes. Les villes africaines sont de&amp;#769;ja&amp;#768; confronte&amp;#769;es a&amp;#768; d&amp;rsquo;e&amp;#769;normes proble&amp;#768;mes: plus de la moitie&amp;#769; de leurs habitants vivent dans des bidonvilles surpeuple&amp;#769;s, environ 200 millions survivent avec moins de 2 USD par jour et les enfants pauvres des villes risquent de souffrir plus de malnutrition chronique que ceux des campagnes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L&amp;rsquo;instauration d&amp;rsquo;une situation de &amp;quot;Faim ze&amp;#769;ro&amp;quot; dans le monde &amp;ndash; dans laquelle tout individu aurait de quoi se nourrir et tous les syste&amp;#768;mes alimentaires seraient re&amp;#769;silients &amp;ndash; constitue pour l&amp;rsquo;Afrique un de&amp;#769;fi aussi urgent dans les villes que dans les campagnes. Les de&amp;#769;cideurs africains doivent agir sans plus tarder pour que la dynamique actuelle de l&amp;rsquo;urbanisation, qui ne va pas dans la bonne direction, s&amp;rsquo;infle&amp;#769;chisse vers un de&amp;#769;veloppement de villes saines et &amp;quot;plus vertes&amp;quot;, qui assurent a&amp;#768; chacun la se&amp;#769;curite&amp;#769; alimentaire et nutritionnelle, un travail et des revenus de&amp;#769;cents, et un environnement propre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le pre&amp;#769;sent rapport appelle l&amp;rsquo;attention des de&amp;#769;cideurs sur l&amp;rsquo;horticulture urbaine et pe&amp;#769;riurbaine et sur les moyens qui peuvent contribuer a&amp;#768; rendre davantage les villes plus vertes en Afrique. La production de fruits et le&amp;#769;gumes dans les zones urbaines et pe&amp;#769;riurbaines pre&amp;#769;sente un avantage comparatif inde&amp;#769;niable par rapport aux zones rurales et autres origines pour l&amp;rsquo;approvisionnement des villes en produits frais et nutritifs &amp;ndash; mais extre&amp;#770;mement pe&amp;#769;rissables &amp;ndash; tout au long de l&amp;rsquo;anne&amp;#769;e. Elle permet de cre&amp;#769;er des emplois locaux, de re&amp;#769;duire les cou&amp;#770;ts de transport des aliments et la pollution, de re&amp;#769;aliser des ceintures vertes autour des villes et de recycler les de&amp;#769;chets urbains pour en faire des ressources productives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le de&amp;#769;veloppement de villes plus vertes en Afrique va nous aider a&amp;#768; relever le de&amp;#769;fi de la &amp;laquo;Faim ze&amp;#769;ro&amp;raquo;.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340554">
                <text>Autre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="931">
        <name>agriculture urbaine</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20642" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340704">
                <text>Les villes d'Afrique face à leurs déchets</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340705">
                <text>Mgnikam Emmanuel, Tanawa Emile, Afrique, villes africaines, déchets, propreté, environnement, traitement des déchets, écologie</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340706">
                <text>
Emmanuel Ngnikam et Emile Tanawa</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340707">
                <text>
D&amp;eacute;cembre 2006

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340708">
                <text>
Universit&amp;eacute; de Technologie de Belfort-Montb&amp;eacute;liard

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340709">
                <text>http://www.utbm.fr/editions-multimedia/catalogue/livres/collections/chantiers/les-villes-d-afrique-face-a-leurs-dechets.html</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340710">
                <text>
288</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340711">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
La gestion des d&amp;eacute;chets demeure un probl&amp;egrave;me dans les villes africaines. Etats, &amp;eacute;lus locaux, techniciens et usagers cherchent les moyens pour assurer la propret&amp;eacute; des villes et pr&amp;eacute;server leur environnement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Destin&amp;eacute; aux &amp;eacute;tudiants, aux enseignants et aux gestionnaires des villes, cet ouvrage s&amp;rsquo;appuie sur des travaux de terrain conduits de 1992 &amp;agrave; 2004 dans une dizaine de villes d&amp;rsquo;Afrique de l&amp;rsquo;ouest et du centre. Ses analyses et propositions concernent aussi d&amp;rsquo;autres pays du monde tropical.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il analyse la gestion et le traitement des d&amp;eacute;chets, les politiques et leur financement, enfin le cadre institutionnel en Afrique.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le plus difficile pour les gestionnaires des villes est de choisir le syst&amp;egrave;me &amp;agrave; mettre en &amp;oelig;uvre en fonction des contraintes environnementales, technologiques, &amp;eacute;conomiques et m&amp;ecirc;me culturelles. Cet ouvrage montre qu&amp;rsquo;on peut utiliser la m&amp;eacute;thode d&amp;rsquo;analyse du cycle de vie (ACV), qui permet d&amp;rsquo;identifier le syst&amp;egrave;me le plus &amp;quot;&amp;eacute;co-compatible&amp;quot; sur la base de six crit&amp;egrave;res environ-nementaux : &amp;eacute;puisement des r&amp;eacute;serves naturelles, effet de serre, eutrophisation, acidification, impact toxique et &amp;eacute;cotoxique et enfin le volume occup&amp;eacute; par les d&amp;eacute;chets en d&amp;eacute;charge.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pr&amp;eacute;face de Paul Vermande, Professeur &amp;eacute;m&amp;eacute;rite de l&amp;rsquo;INSA de Lyon (France).&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340712">
                <text>Ouvrage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="597">
        <name>déchets</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="268">
        <name>écologie</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="101">
        <name>environnement</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2521">
        <name>Mgnikam Emmanuel</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2524">
        <name>propreté</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2522">
        <name>Tanawa Emile</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2525">
        <name>traitement des déchets</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2523">
        <name>villes africaines</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20648" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1279">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/e8ed4837d30eb4d6c79d49d9772150c7.jpg</src>
        <authentication>145a682803901e472bfbf4a8205e222b</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="340798">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="340799">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="340802">
                    <text>238</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="340803">
                    <text>160</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340789">
                <text>La gestion des déchets urbains. Des solutions pour l'Afrique</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340790">
                <text>Onibokun G. Adepoju, déchets, déchets urbains, Afrique, gouvernance, urbanisation, Abidjan, Dar es Salaam, Ibadan, Johannesburg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340791">
                <text>
Adepoju G. Onibokun</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340792">
                <text>
2002

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340793">
                <text>
CRDI/Karthala

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340794">
                <text>http://www.idrc.ca/fr/ev-9402-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340795">
                <text>
260</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340796">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Qui dit gouvernance efficace dit transparence, responsabilit&amp;eacute;, cr&amp;eacute;dibilit&amp;eacute; et stabilit&amp;eacute; de l&amp;rsquo;organisme gouvernant et partenariats coop&amp;eacute;ratifs avec les secteurs public et priv&amp;eacute; et la soci&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; civile. En Afrique, aujourd&amp;rsquo;hui, le d&amp;eacute;veloppement durable et &amp;eacute;quitable passe n&amp;eacute;cessairement par une bonne gouvernance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
N&amp;eacute;anmoins, l&amp;rsquo;Afrique connaissant une urbanisation rapide, les autorit&amp;eacute;s urbaines doivent faire face au mouvement non contr&amp;ocirc;l&amp;eacute; et non planifi&amp;eacute; des populations rurales vers les grands centres urbains et au &amp;quot;monstre environnemental&amp;quot; qui en r&amp;eacute;sulte : des d&amp;eacute;chets urbains omnipr&amp;eacute;sents et souvent toxiques.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La gestion des d&amp;eacute;chets urbains propose un examen critique de la gouvernance urbaine en Afrique du point de vue, plus particuli&amp;egrave;rement, des probl&amp;egrave;mes et d&amp;eacute;fis majeurs que pose la gestion des d&amp;eacute;chets. Les situations &amp;agrave; Abidjan, Dar es Salaam, Ibadan et Johannesburg y sont d&amp;eacute;crites, compar&amp;eacute;es et &amp;eacute;valu&amp;eacute;es et les diff&amp;eacute;rentes formes typiques de gouvernance y sont pr&amp;eacute;sent&amp;eacute;es ainsi que leurs &amp;eacute;checs et leurs r&amp;eacute;ussites du point de vue de la lutte contre le probl&amp;egrave;me crucial de l&amp;rsquo;augmentation des d&amp;eacute;chets urbains.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Cet ouvrage int&amp;eacute;ressera les chercheurs, les universitaires et les &amp;eacute;tudiants en &amp;eacute;tudes africaines et en urbanisme, les organismes donateurs qui travaillent dans le domaine des probl&amp;egrave;mes urbains, les d&amp;eacute;cideurs, les ing&amp;eacute;nieurs municipaux, les directeurs municipaux et les urbanistes, en particulier en Afrique, et les ONG environnementales et civiques.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Adepoju G. Onibokun&lt;/b&gt; est secr&amp;eacute;taire g&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;ral, directeur ex&amp;eacute;cutif et professeur d&amp;rsquo;am&amp;eacute;nagement urbain et r&amp;eacute;gional au Centre for African Settlement Studies and Development (CASSAD) &amp;agrave; Ibadan (Nig&amp;eacute;ria).&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340797">
                <text>Ouvrage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="559">
        <name>Abidjan</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2074">
        <name>Dar es Salaam</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="597">
        <name>déchets</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2540">
        <name>déchets urbains</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="107">
        <name>gouvernance</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2541">
        <name>Ibadan</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1213">
        <name>Johannesburg</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2539">
        <name>Onibokun G. Adepoju</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="80">
        <name>urbanisation</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20685" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1316">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/28031b2e760daa5164672ef62ffd27d6.jpg</src>
        <authentication>18cd74cd9e087adf725ed3f0428cc892</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="341350">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="341351">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="341354">
                    <text>233</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="341355">
                    <text>160</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341341">
                <text>Reconsidering informality : Perspectives from urban Africa</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341342">
                <text>ville informelle, économie, emploi, occupation du sol, logement, aménagement urbain, Africa, Afrique, espace urbain, Hansen Karen Tranberg, Vaa Mariken</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341343">
                <text>NC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341344">
                <text>2004</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341345">
                <text>Nordiska Afrikainstitutet </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341346">
                <text>http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:nai:diva-103</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341347">
                <text>235</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341348">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; This book brings together two bodies of research on urban Africa that have tended to be separate: Studies of urban land use and housing, and studies of work and livelihoods. Africa&amp;rsquo;s future will be to an increasing extent urban. Nevertheless, the inherited legal, institutional and financial arrangements for managing urban development are inadequate. The recent decades of neo-liberal political and economic reforms have increased social inequality across urban space. Access to employment, shelter and services is precarious for most urban residents. Extra-legal housing and unregistered economic activities proliferate. Basic urban services are increasingly provided informally. The result is the phenomenal growth of the informal city and extra-legal activities. How do urban residents see these activities? What do they accomplish through them? How can these &amp;ldquo;informal&amp;rdquo; cities be governed?&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The case studies are drawn from a diverse set of cities on the African continent. A central theme is how practices that from an official standpoint are illegal or extra-legal do not only work but are considered legitimate by the actors concerned. Another is how the informal city is not exclusively the domain of the poor, but also provides shelter and livelihoods for better-off segments of the urban population.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Contents :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Preface&lt;br /&gt; Introduction - Karen Tranberg Hansen and Mariken Vaa&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; SECTION I: LOCALITY, PLACE, AND SPACE&lt;br /&gt; Sharing Public Space in Pointe-Noire, Congo-Brazzaville : Immigrant Fishermen and a Multinational Oil Company - Gabriel Tati&lt;br /&gt; The Right to Stay in Cato Crest : Formality and Informality in a South African Development Project - Knut G. Nustad&lt;br /&gt; Who Rules the Streets? The Politics of Vending Space in Lusaka - Karen Tranberg Hansen&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; SECTION II: ECONOMY, WORK, AND LIVELIHOODS&lt;br /&gt; Trade and the Politics of Informalisation in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau - Ilda Louren&amp;ccedil;o-Lindell&lt;br /&gt; Home Based Enterprises in a Period of Economic Restructuring in Zambia - Barbara Mwila Kazimbaya-Senkwe&lt;br /&gt; Home Industries and the Formal City in Harare, Zimbabwe - Amin Y. Kamete&lt;/div&gt; &lt;br /&gt; SECTION III: LAND, HOUSING, AND PLANNING&lt;br /&gt; Land Use Planning and Governance in Dar es Salaam. A Case Study from Tanzania - Marco Burra&lt;br /&gt; Actors and Interests. The Development of an Informal Settlement in Nairobi, Kenya - Rose Gatabaki-Kamau and Sara Karirah-Gitau&lt;br /&gt; The Law and Access to Land for Housing in Maseru, Lesotho - Resetselemang Clement Leduka&lt;br /&gt; Upgrading an Informal Settlement in Cape Town, South Africa - John Abbott&lt;br /&gt; Beyond the Formal/Informal Dichotomy. Access to Land in Maputo, Mozambique - Paul Jenkins&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Karen Tranberg Hansen &lt;/b&gt;is a Professor in the Department of Anthropology at Northwestern University.&lt;/div&gt; The late &lt;b&gt;Mariken Vaa &lt;/b&gt;was the coordinator of the Cities, Governance and Civil Society in Africa programme at the Nordic Africa Institute and Professor of Development Studies at Oslo University College.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341349">
                <text>Ouvrage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="969">
        <name>Africa</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="180">
        <name>aménagement urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="104">
        <name>économie</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="184">
        <name>emploi</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="72">
        <name>espace urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2618">
        <name>Hansen Karen Tranberg</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="19">
        <name>logement</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="405">
        <name>occupation du sol</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1818">
        <name>Vaa Mariken</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2617">
        <name>ville informelle</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20696" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1327">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/d64b42f1e3baeb4c8407faf54cc30b09.jpg</src>
        <authentication>67e2f9f9d33f2c4abc3abfeaf79faf42</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="341507">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="341508">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="341511">
                    <text>194</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="341512">
                    <text>160</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341499">
                <text>African cities reader II: Mobilities and fixtures</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341500">
                <text>Africa, Afrique, mobilité, urbanité, culture urbaine, littérature, Edjabe Ntone, Pieterse Edgar</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341501">
                <text>NC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341502">
                <text>2011</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341503">
                <text>Chimurenga  African Centre for Cities </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341504">
                <text>208</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341505">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341506">
                <text>Ouvrage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="969">
        <name>Africa</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="129">
        <name>culture urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2642">
        <name>Edjabe Ntone</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="64">
        <name>littérature</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="99">
        <name>mobilité</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2643">
        <name>Pieterse Edgar</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="410">
        <name>urbanité</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20697" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1328">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/e1ca754064f724d7dc3f6646d71768d9.jpg</src>
        <authentication>42526bf27dc366b299c994a784a9d037</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="341521">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="341522">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="341525">
                    <text>228</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="341526">
                    <text>160</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341513">
                <text>African cities reader I: Pan-African practices</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341514">
                <text>, urbanité, culture urbaine, littérature, art, Africa, Afrique, Pieterse Edgar, Edjabe Ntone</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341515">
                <text>NC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341516">
                <text>2010</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341517">
                <text>African Centre for Cities Chimurenga </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341518">
                <text>259</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341519">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341520">
                <text>Ouvrage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="969">
        <name>Africa</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="834">
        <name>Afrique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="534">
        <name>art</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="129">
        <name>culture urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2642">
        <name>Edjabe Ntone</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="64">
        <name>littérature</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2643">
        <name>Pieterse Edgar</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="410">
        <name>urbanité</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
