Ordre et désordres dans l'Istanbul ottomane (1879-1909)
Lévy-Asku Noémi, Istanbul, Empire Ottoman, XIXe siècle, histoire urbaine, maintien de l'ordre, désordre, insécurité, contestation, police, caïds, veilleurs de nuit
<div><b>Présentation par l'éditeur :</b></div>
</div>
Capitale de l’Empire ottoman, ville-port caractérisée par une grande diversité ethnique et confessionnelle, Istanbul est à la fin du XIXe siècle une métropole de près d’un million d’habitants, où les enjeux liés à l’ordre public sont particulièrement sensibles. Avec les Tanzimat (réformes de l’État ottoman) et les changements économiques et sociaux du long XIXe siècle, la définition de l’insécurité, le dispositif de maintien de l’ordre et les formes de contestation de l’ordre établi connaissent d’importantes transformations. C’est cette nouvelle configuration qui est ici étudiée, de la fin des années 1870 à 1909, période marquée par le règne autoritaire d’Abdülhamid II et la révolution jeune-turque de 1908.<br />
<br />
Confronté aux défis posés par les migrations, les contestations politiques et les nouvelles formes de sociabilité, le pouvoir fait de la préservation de l’ordre politique, social, moral et religieux une priorité absolue. L’institutionnalisation de la police et son déploiement dans la capitale ont pour corollaire une redéfinition des priorités de l’action des forces de l’ordre et de leurs modes d’intégration dans la ville, processus qui s’inscrit dans un mouvement européen de réforme du maintien de l’ordre. L’ouvrage se concentre sur les nouvelles formes d’interactions, de coopérations ou de rivalités entre les différents acteurs de l’espace urbain : l’institution policière, principale responsable du maintien de l’ordre dans la capitale, les "agents intermédiaires" tels les bekçi (veilleurs de nuit) ou les kabadayı (sortes de caïds), et la population locale.<br />
<br />
Des déviances quotidiennes à la stigmatisation des classes populaires arméniennes, des rondes policières à la pression sociale dans les quartiers, cet ouvrage offre un éclairage nouveau sur les multiples facettes des relations entre l’État et la société à la fin de l’Empire ottoman. Il apporte aussi une contribution originale à l’historiographie de l’ordre public et du maintien de l’ordre en Europe.<br />
<br />
Historienne de l’Empire ottoman, <b>Noémi Lévy-Aksu</b> est docteure de l’EHESS et maître de conférences au département d’histoire de l’Université du Bosphore à Istanbul.</div>
</div>
Noémi Lévy-Aksu
Karthala
20 décembre 2012
348
Ouvrage
Ottoman Izmir: The rise of a cosmopolitan port, 1840-1880
, ville portuaire, histoire urbaine, espace urbain, cosmopolitisme, modernisation, urbanité, Ottoman Empire, Empire ottoman, Izmir, Smyrna, Smyrne, Zandi-Sayek Sibel, nineteenth century, dix-neuvième siècle
<div><b>Abstract from the publisher:</b></div> </div> Between 1840 and 1880, the Eastern Mediterranean port of Izmir (Smyrna) underwent unprecedented change. A modern harbor that welcomed international steamships and new railway lines that transported a cornucopia of products transformed the physical city. Migrants, seasonal workers, and transient sailors thronged into an already diverse metropolis, helping to double the population to 200,000. Simultaneously, Ottoman officials and enterprising citizens vied to control and reform the city’s administrative and legal institutions.<br /> <br /> Ottoman Izmir examines how urban space, institutional structures, and everyday practices shaped one another in the thriving seaport of Izmir during a volatile period of growth. Sibel Zandi-Sayek investigates a variety of urban actors—Muslims and non-Muslims, Ottomans and Europeans, newcomers and native residents, merchants, investors, civil servants, and press reporters—who were actively engaged in restructuring the city. Concentrating on the workings of urban committees and on laws and policies that were written, rewritten, but never fully implemented, Zandi-Sayek exposes how modern interventions sought to impose clear-cut concepts of public and private, safety and danger, and hygiene on a city that previously had a wide range of customary regulations.<br /> <br /> Ottoman Izmir shows how Izmir’s various stakeholders contested its built environment. In so doing, it offers a new view of the dynamics of urban modernization.</div> </div> <b>Sibel Zandi-Sayek</b> is associate professor in the Department of Art and Art History at the College of William and Mary.</div> </div>
Sibel Zandi-Sayek
University of Minnesota Press
December 2011
288
Ouvrage
Istanbul et la civilisation ottomane
Istanbul, histoire urbaine, empire ottoman, Lewis Bernard
<div><b>Présentation par l'éditeur :</b></div>
</div>
1453 : Constantinople, moribonde, s'effondre sous les coups du sultan Mehemmed le Conquérant.<br />
L'ancienne cité des empereurs de Byzance s'efface pour devenir Istanbul, la capitale de l'empire ottoman, le symbole de sa civilisation, le signe de sa splendeur. Pour ces nouveaux maîtres, dont l'esprit avait puisé à l'islam comme à la chrétienté, pouvait-on rêver rien de plus emblématique que cette ville construite sur le Bosphore au passage des deux mondes, l'occidental et l'oriental, le grec et l'asiatique ? Dessinant son apogée à l'époque de Süleyman le Magnifique, ils en firent pour plusieurs siècles la ville phare, dont poètes, peintres et voyageurs ne se lassèrent pas de raconter les merveilles.</div>
<br />
Tout étonnait à Istanbul : l'architecture, le système de gouvernement, la beauté des palais, l'organisation artisanale, la vitalité commerciale. Caravansérails et bazars accueillaient les caravanes venues des confins d'Asie, les marchands des mers d'Europe, dans un extraordinaire brassage de langues, de religions et de coutumes témoignant de l'étonnante richesse de la ville. C'est toute son originalité et sa magnificence que Bernard Lewis nous restitue aujourd'hui en se servant abondamment des témoins de l'époque. Ils disent ce que fut la vie à Istanbul et de quelle civilisation elle était le reflet.</div>
</div>
<b>Bernard Lewis</b> est un historien considéré comme l'un des meilleurs spécialistes du Moyen-Orient et de l'Islam. Il est professeur émérite des études sur le Moyen-Orient à l'Université de Princeton.</div>
</div>
Bernard Lewis
Tallandier
1er septembre 2011
198
Ouvrage
From Empire to Empire: Jerusalem between Ottoman and British rule
Jerusalem, Jérusalem, histoire urbaine, World War I, Première Guerre mondiale, Ottoman Empire, British Empire, Empire ottoman, Empire britannique, twentieth century, vingtième siècle, ville en guerre, Jacobson Abigail
<div><b>Abstract from the publisher:</b></div> </div> The history of Jerusalem as traditionally depicted is the quintessential history of conflict and strife, of ethnic tension, and of incompatible national narratives and visions. It is also a history of dramatic changes and moments, one of the most radical ones being the replacement of the Ottoman regime with British rule in December 1917. From Empire to Empire challenges these two major dichotomies, ethnic and temporal, which shaped the history of Jerusalem and its inhabitants. It links the experiences of two ethnic communities living in Palestine, Jews and Arabs, as well as bridging two historical periods, the Ottoman and British administrations.<br /> <br /> Drawing upon a variety of sources, Jacobson demonstrates how political and social alliances are dynamic, context-dependent, and purpose-driven. She also highlights the critical role of foreign intervention, governmental and nongovernmental, in forming local political alliances and in shaping the political reality of Palestine during the crisis of World War I and the transition between regimes.<br /> <br /> From Empire to Empire offers a vital new perspective on the way World War I has been traditionally studied in the Palestinian context. It also examines the effects of war on the socioeconomic sphere of a mixed city in crisis and looks into the ways the war, as well as Ottoman policies and administrators, affected the ways people perceived the Ottoman Empire and their location within it. From Empire to Empire illuminates the complex and delicate relations between ethnic and national groups and offers a different lens through which the history of Jerusalem can be seen: it proposes not only a story of conflict but also of intercommunal contacts and cooperation.</div> </div> <b>Abigail Jacobson </b>teaches at the Interdisciplinary Centre in Herzlia, Israel.</div> </div>
Abigail Jacobson
Syracuse University Press
2011
264
Ouvrage
The city in the Ottoman Empire : Migration and the making of urban modernity
Ottoman Empire, Empire ottoman, migration urbaine, modernisation, gouvernance, nineteenth century, dix-neuvième siècle, Freitag Ulrike, Fuhrmann Malte, Lafi Nora, Riedler Florian
<div><b>Abstract from the publisher : </b></div> </div> The nexus of urban governance and human migration was a crucial feature in the modernisation of cities in the Ottoman Empire of the nineteenth century. This book connects these two concepts to examine the Ottoman city as a destination of human migration, throwing new light on the question of conviviality and cosmopolitanism from the perspective of the legal, administrative and political frameworks within which these occur.<br /> <br /> Focusing on groups of migrants with various ethnic, regional and professional backgrounds, the book juxtaposes the trajectories of these people with attempts by local administrations and the government to control their movements and settlements. By combining a perspective from below with one that focuses on government action, the authors offer broad insights into the phenomenon of migration and city life as a whole. Chapters explore how increased migration driven by new means of transport, military expulsion and economic factors were countered by the state’s attempts to control population movements, as well as the strong internal reforms in the Ottoman world.<br /> <br /> Providing a rare comparative perspective on an area often fragmented by area studies boundaries, this book will be of great interest to students of History, Middle Eastern Studies, Balkan Studies, Urban Studies and Migration Studies.</div> </div> <b>Contents : </b></div> </div> 1. Migration and the Making of Urban Modernity in the Ottoman Empire and Beyond - Ulrike Freitag, Malte Fuhrmann, Nora Lafi and Florian Riedler <br /> 2. The Ottoman Urban Governance of Migrations and the Stakes of Modernity - Nora Lafi <br /> 3. The Ottoman City Council and the Beginning of the Modernization of Urban Space in the Balkans - Tetsuya Sahara <br /> 4. Foreigners in Town: Urban Immigration and Local Attitudes in the Romanian Principalities in the Mid-Nineteenth Century - Florea Ioncioaia <br /> 5. Mobility and Governance in Early Modern Marseilles - Wolfgang Kaiser <br /> 6. Pearl Towns and Early Oil Cities: Migration and Integration in the Arab coast of the Persian Gulf - Nelida Fuccaro <br /> 7. Migration and the State: On Ottoman Regulations Concerning Migration Since the Age of Mahmud II - Christoph Herzog <br /> 8. Governance in Transition: Competing Immigrant Networks in Early Nineteenth-Century Egypt - Pascale Ghazaleh <br /> 9. Armenian Labour Migration to Istanbul and the Migration Crisis of the 1890s - Florian Riedler <br /> 10. Immigration into the Ottoman Territory: The Case of Salonica in the Late Nineteenth Century - Dilek Akyalçın-Kaya <br /> 11. Migrant Builders and Craftsmen in the Founding Phase of Modern Athens - Irene Fatsea <br /> 12. The City and the Stranger: Jeddah in the 19th Century - Ulrike Freitag <br /> 13. ‘I would rather be in the Orient’. European Lower Class Immigrants into the Ottoman Land - Malte Fuhrmann</div> </div> <b>Ulrike Freitag</b> is a historian of the modern Middle East and director of the Centre for Modern Oriental Studies, Berlin, in conjunction with a professorship of Islamic Studies at Freie Universität Berlin.<br /> <b>Malte Fuhrmann</b> is a historian at the Orient Institute Istanbul. <br /> <b>Nora Lafi </b>is a historian of the Ottoman Empire at the Zentrum Moderner Orient in Berlin.<br /> <b>Florian Riedler</b> is a historian with a specialisation for the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey.</div> </div>
NC
Routledge
November 2010
272
Ouvrage
The great cities of the modern world
Smith Helen Ainslie, grandes villes, monde moderne, dix-neuvième siècle, Russie, Angleterre, France, Allemagne, Scandinavie, Hollande, Belgique, Suisse, Irlande, Ecosse, Espagne, Portugal, Italie, Empire Austro-Hongrois, Empire Ottoman, Inde, Chine, Japon, Amérique du Sud, Canada, Mexique, Etats Unis
From the preface by Hazel Shepard (September 1885) : There is a saying, as old as it is true, that he who would be a writer must first of all have something to write something new to tell, or some new or better way of putting forth what is already known. This volume has not been called into existence as something new, but because there was not, so far as could be found, any work devoted entirely to a description of the outward appearance and real position of the GREAT CITIES OF THE MODERN WORLD. A metropolis represents a focus of power; the chief forces of a country's civilization are centered in its great towns; and it has been believed that in giving a description of the large cities of the chief countries of the world, and bringing them together in a classified volume, there will be presented in a condensed form the leading features, not only of the great cities of the world, as a whole, but also of the civic national life of all the important countries of the globe. The endeavor has been to prepare a book instructive and interesting to readers of all ages, but especially to place before young people a clear and, in a measure, complete idea of the greatest cities of our time, rated according to size, importance in intellectual, commercial, and manufacturing power, and descriptive of population and architectural appearance. In all cases the aim has been to make the leading features either of a single city or a national group stand out prominently and leave the strongest impression. To combine all these characteristics into a single volume upon so broad a subject it has been necessary to consult a multitude of authorities; and, although these are far too many for the briefest enumeration, it is but just to acknowledge that valuable aid has been received from the standard encyclopaedias and from nearly all the leading works of reference of both special and general character whose scope comes in any way within that of the Great Cities of the Modern World. NB : This work is available from the Internet Archive in multiple formats : online, PDF, EPUB, Kindle, Daisy, Full Text, and DjVu. We recommend the PDF format (68 MB), both for ease of reading and because it has been scanned using OCR, allowing searches of the full text.
Helen Ainslie Smith
George Routledge & Sons
1885
433
Ouvrage
http://www.archive.org/details/greatcitiesofmod00smitrich