Governing polarized cities
, collectivités locales, gouvernance, ségrégation urbaine, conflit urbain, politique de la ville, Bollens Scott, Brussels, Bruxelles, Johannesburg, Belfast, Sarajevo, Jerusalem, Jérusalem, Baghdad, Bagdad, Kirkuk, Kirkouk
<div><b>Abstract from the distributor : </b></div>
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This article provides a comparative analysis of different institutional approaches to dealing with antagonistic group identity claims on the city. I discuss Brussels, Johannesburg, Belfast, Sarajevo, Jerusalem, Baghdad, and Kirkuk. These cities are broken down into three categories—(1) cities that have utilized power sharing and forms of transitional democratization effectively enough that stability of the local and national state has occurred, (2) cities that have made some progress but are vulnerable to regression because local political arrangements are not sufficiently stabilizing, and (3) cities where power sharing is itself contested and a potential contributor to further instability. The case studies of local governance of polarized cites reported point to their institutional diversity, frequent fragility, and the evolutionary nature of even the “best case” examples. A difficult predicament is faced by local government reform in cities of inter-group conflict. Shared local governance arrangements need to produce measurable differences on the ground in the short term sufficient to allow institutional legitimacy. Yet, necessary power-sharing limitations on local democracy may make local government less effective in producing these needed tangible changes.</div>
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<b>Scott Bollens </b>is the Warmington Chair in Peace and International Cooperation and a Professor in the Department of Planning, Policy and Design at the University of California, Irvine.</div>
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available to download</a> from the University of Pennsylvania (scroll down or search for the PDF link).</div>
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Scott Bollens
28 October 2008
http://www.polisci.upenn.edu/ppec/sawyer/Speakers/Scott_Bollens.html
Les villes étoiles de la Haute Mésopotamie
civilisation, kurde, turc, arabe, Mésopotamie, Edesse, Nisibe, Mardin, Arbil, Kirkouk, Sulaymaniya, Dohuk, Amida, Yousif Ephrem-Isa
<div><b>Présentation par l'éditeur :</b></div>
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L'auteur nous invite à un voyage vers les sources de la culture syriaque et nous conte l'histoire de huit villes, huit étoiles tombées du ciel sur la vaste région de la Haute Mésopotamie. Aujourd'hui en Turquie, voici Edesse et ses sources jaillissantes, Nisibe, la ville de la connaissance et de la lumière, Amida et sa noire couronne de remparts, Mardin, la cité du soleil.<br />
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Au Kurdistan irakien, Arbil surplombe la plaine de son antique citadelle, Kirkouk s'enorgueillit de son naphte glorieux, Sulaymaniya s'enivre du parfm de ses grenadiers et de ses figuiers, Dohuk s'accoude gracieusement aux plis de ses montagnes.<br />
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Huit villes célèbres, peuplées de Kurdes en majorité, mais aussi de Turcs et d'Arabes, où le peuple Assyro-Chaldéen-Syriaque maintient sa présence. La lumière et le temps ont glissé lentement sur elles, et elles continuent à briller de tous leurs feux, enrichissant le patrimoine de l'humanité.<br />
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<b>Ephrem-Isa Yousif</b> est docteur en philosophie et civilisations.</div>
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Ephrem Isa Yousif
L'Harmattan
Avril 2009
188
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