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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Cities shape the lives and outlooks of billions of people, yet they have been overshadowed in contemporary political thought by nation-states, identity groups, and concepts like justice and freedom. The Spirit of Cities revives the classical idea that a city expresses its own distinctive ethos or values. In the ancient world, Athens was synonymous with democracy and Sparta represented military discipline. In this original and engaging book, Daniel Bell and Avner de-Shalit explore how this classical idea can be applied to today's cities, and they explain why philosophy and the social sciences need to rediscover the spirit of cities.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Bell and de-Shalit look at nine modern cities and the prevailing ethos that distinguishes each one. The cities are Jerusalem (religion), Montreal (language), Singapore (nation building), Hong Kong (materialism), Beijing (political power), Oxford (learning), Berlin (tolerance and intolerance), Paris (romance), and New York (ambition). Bell and de-Shalit draw upon the richly varied histories of each city, as well as novels, poems, biographies, tourist guides, architectural landmarks, and the authors' own personal reflections and insights. They show how the ethos of each city is expressed in political, cultural, and economic life, and also how pride in a city's ethos can oppose the homogenizing tendencies of globalization and curb the excesses of nationalism.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The Spirit of Cities is unreservedly impressionistic. Combining strolling and storytelling with cutting-edge theory, the book encourages debate and opens up new avenues of inquiry in philosophy and the social sciences. It is a must-read for lovers of cities everywhere.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Daniel A. Bell &lt;/b&gt;is the Zhiyuan Chair Professor of Arts and Humanities at Shanghai Jiaotong University and Professor of Political Theory and Director of the Center for International and Comparative Political Philosophy at Tsinghua University in Beijing.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Avner de-Shalt &lt;/b&gt;holds the Max Kampelman Chair for Democracy and Human Rights and is Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Once a centre for international trade and finance, Singapore is now a &amp;quot;global city.&amp;quot; Singapore from Temasek to the 21st Century: Reinventing the Global City examines its evolution from trading port to city-state, showing how Singapore has repeatedly reinvented itself by creating or re-asserting qualities that helped attract capital, talent and trade. In the 14th century, the island's prosperity rested on regulating the regional carrying trade passing through the Straits of Melaka. In 1819, after a long period of decline, the British East India Company revived the island's fortunes by making Singapore a &amp;quot;free&amp;quot; port, and trade sustained the city until the Japanese occupation and the postwar collapse of colonial rule. After independence, Singapore resumed its role as a major cenre for trade and finance, but added facilities to make the island a regional centre for manufacturing. More recently, it has transformed its population into an educated and highly-skilled workforce, and has made the island an education hub that is a magnet for research and development in the fields such as biotechnology.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Singapore's dramatic, centuries-long struggle defies description as a sequentially unfolding narrative, or merely as the story of a nation. In this volume, a group of international scholars examines the history of Singapore as a series of discontinuous and varied attempts by a shifting array of local and foreign elites to optimize advantages arising from the island's strategic location and overcome its lack of natural resources. Part I sets the scene by considering different ways of looking at the island's long-term history and evaluating Singapore as a global city. Part II provides a series of snapshots of Singapore between 14th and 21st centuries, positioning the island as a major node in regional and world history, and evaluating the local political and social structures that have underpinned the city's ability to function as a major urban centre and ensured its long-term survival.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Karl Hack&lt;/b&gt; taught at the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore from 1995 to 2006. He is now Chair of the Empire Course at the Open University, United Kingdom.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Jean-Louis Margolin&lt;/b&gt; is Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Provence at Aix, and a researcher at the Research Institute on Southeast Asia (IRSEA-CNRS), Marseilles.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Karine Delaye&lt;/b&gt; is Research Associate at the Research Institute of Southeast Asia (IRSEA-CNRS), Marseilles.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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