FREILOT. Urban Freight Energy Efficiency Pilot. D.FL.6.4. Cost-benefit analysis
[SHS:GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration
This deliverable contains the cost-benefit analysis results (CBA) for the piloted services in order to feed the Business Model discussions. First, a brief description of the method and the main hypotheses are shown. Then, each single system is presented, making several CBA analyses (corresponding to hypothesised scenarios). The best scenario for each system is chosen in terms of economic viability then a socio-economic CBA is carried out. Finally, a discussion about mixing systems is provided.
Friches d'habitat et désurbanisation en Wallonie
Le phénomène des logements vides est en Wallonie un problème urbain de plus en plus sérieux. La première partie est consacrée aux mutations territoriales et immobilières observées en Belgique lors des dernières décennies. En s'appuyant sur l'examen de trois enquêtes, la seconde partie porte ensuite sur les choix d'investissements qui expliquent pourquoi des propriétaires de plus en plus nombreux délaissent leur patrimoine immobilier. La première enquête a été réalisée auprès d'un échantillon représentatif des particuliers actifs sur le marché de la location, la deuxième auprès de propriétaires d'immeubles résidentiels vides et la troisième auprès de propriétaires d'immeubles commerciaux comportant des étages vides.
Friches en ville : du temps de veille aux politiques de l'espace
La réappropriation des friches urbaines, durant leur temps de veille, par des acteurs informels, constitue un paradoxe prégnant pour les institutions en charge de la planification et des politiques urbaines. D'un côté, ce réinvestissement contribue à reterritorialiser et à revaloriser ces espaces délaissés. De l'autre, la superposition progressive des différentes stratégies de reconversion bouscule l'agenda de la planification. L'analyse des friches urbaines nous permet de mieux appréhender les processus de mutabilité de la ville contemporaine et d'analyser les coalitions d'acteurs qui en résultent. C'est en retraçant l'histoire récente de l'ancien faubourg ouvrier grenoblois, Berriat, que nous illustrerons notre propos.
Fringe belts in French cities: comparative study of Rennes, Nantes and Tours.
[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography
fringe belt - model - urban planning - urban renewal
Analysis of the fringe belt model in France, through its application to Rennes, Nantes and Tours.
Fringe benefits : Cosmopolitan dynamics of a multicultural city
, immigration, forme urbaine, cosmopolitisme, dynamiques urbaines, multiculturalisme, multiculturalism, architecture, Chodikoff Ian, Toronto, urbanité, banlieue
Ian Chodikoff discusses how cities are being shaped by immigration, and the experiences of immigrants in Western cities. He focuses especially on the example of Toronto and selected European cities, and explores how urban form, architecture and design are affected by multiculturalism. Ian Chodikoff is an architect and the editor of Canadian Architect magazine. He holds graduate degrees in architecture and urban design from the University of British Columbia and Harvard University respectively.
Fringe-belt analysis in France : A Conzenian approach to urban renewal
This study is based on the fringe-belt model, tested on Nantes and Rennes (France). The model stresses the alternance of high and low density zones (fringe belts). Formerly at the edge of the built-up area, they are now embedded within it. Their formation and evolution are analysed. This model is used with GIS and considered in relation to the recent French law on Urban Solidarity and Redevelopment which encourages compact city policies, calling low-density fringe belts areas into question. The evaluation of the model could shed new light on the French decision making in urban planning, in relation to urban renewal (renouvellement urbain).
From a puritan city to a cosmopolitan city: Cleveland Protestants in the changing social order, 1898-1940
puritan city, cosmopolitan city, Cleveland Protestants, social order, 1898-1940
This study examines Cleveland Protestants and the changing social order from 1898 to 1940. It argues the establishment of the Federated Churches of Cleveland was one of several Protestants' responses to the expanding pluralistic societal order. Its establishment was not the institutionalization of the Social Gospel movement but was a part of the general reorganization of social, benevolent, economic, religious, and political institutions into efficient and orderly units. This study examines the Protestants' response to the expanding pluralism by examining organizations and argues its organizations reflected Protestants' concerns and interests. Urbanization, industrialization and immigration challenged Protestants. They responded by using three types of organizations: 'denominational', 'voluntary society', 'church federations'. This study examined revivals and the Chamber of Commerce's contributions to the establishment of the Federated Churches. Revivals created the sense of urgency. The Chamber of Commerce provided the organizational model. This study has an Introduction and five chapters. Chapter One describes Cleveland Nineteenth Century religious and benevolent orders. Chapter Tw o describes Cleveland Protestants' failure in moral reform efforts, which contributed to the Protestants urging for a different method in urban, i.e., a federation of efforts. Chapter Three describes Cleveland Protestants' work with the Eastern and Southern European immigrants, which included helping to establish social settlement houses, establishing institutional churches, and making the extension society into a coordinating agency. Chapter Four describes four local conditions that led to the founding of the Federated Churches of Cleveland, which were: parallel federation efforts, revivals, search for better methods, and need for coordination in church extension. Chapter Five describes the Federated Churches of Cleveland's activities from 1911 to 1940, which included the reorganization of 1930s, women and African-Americans' participation in the Federated Churches of Cleveland.
From Camp Dwellers to Urban Refugees? Urbanization and Marginalization of Refugee Camps in Lebanon
Most of the studies on refugees establish a clear difference between refugees in camps and urban refugees living in cities. The Palestinian case, due to its exceptional duration and the context of rapid urbanization of their host countries, invites us to re-examine this dichotomy. Most of the refugee camps in Lebanon (as well as in most of the Middle Eastern cities) are now part of the main Lebanese urban areas. On the one hand they appear to be marginalized and segregated areas due to the special - and often changing - regulation and mode of controls as well as the legal status of their Palestinian residents. On the other hand, refugee camps are strongly connected to their urban environment through the daily mobility of Palestinian refugees, the growing presence of other groups of refugees and migrants (such as Syrian or Asian workers and Iraqi or Sudanese asylum seekers and refugees), and the development of commercial activities that blur the boundaries of the refugee camps, making it a part of the city This presentation will be based on fieldwork research in Beirut and Tyre (Lebanon).
Manifestations of Identity. The Lived Reality of Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon
From city marketing to city branding: An interdisciplinary analysis with reference to Amsterdam, Budapest and Athens
city marketing, city branding, marketing, Amsterdam, Budapest, Athens
This thesis deals with the theory and practice of city marketing. It describes the transition from city marketing to city branding by identifying the roots of city marketing in general marketing theory, by adapting the concept of corporate-level marketing for the needs of cities and by analysing in depth the components and processes involved in city branding. The thesis contends that city branding, if understood well and applied properly, is a powerful tool at the disposal of contemporary cities. The theoretical sections are supplemented by an investigation of actual city marketing practices in three major European cities, namely Amsterdam, Budapest and Athens. The findings of the research are contrasted to the theory identifying alignments and misalignments and leading to grounded suggestions on further theoretical development. In the light of the extensive literature review and the case studies undertaken, the thesis introduces a new synthesis of essential components of an integrated city branding framework. Thus the thesis contributes towards a comprehensive brand strategy development and may serve as a guide for wider and more effective city brand management.
From critical urban theory to the right to the city
, droit à la ville, mouvement social, Lefebvre Henri, Marcuse Peter
Alternative link to the recordings on iTunes.
From Empire to Empire: Jerusalem between Ottoman and British rule
Jerusalem, Jérusalem, histoire urbaine, World War I, Première Guerre mondiale, Ottoman Empire, British Empire, Empire ottoman, Empire britannique, twentieth century, vingtième siècle, ville en guerre, Jacobson Abigail
Abstract from the publisher: The history of Jerusalem as traditionally depicted is the quintessential history of conflict and strife, of ethnic tension, and of incompatible national narratives and visions. It is also a history of dramatic changes and moments, one of the most radical ones being the replacement of the Ottoman regime with British rule in December 1917. From Empire to Empire challenges these two major dichotomies, ethnic and temporal, which shaped the history of Jerusalem and its inhabitants. It links the experiences of two ethnic communities living in Palestine, Jews and Arabs, as well as bridging two historical periods, the Ottoman and British administrations. Drawing upon a variety of sources, Jacobson demonstrates how political and social alliances are dynamic, context-dependent, and purpose-driven. She also highlights the critical role of foreign intervention, governmental and nongovernmental, in forming local political alliances and in shaping the political reality of Palestine during the crisis of World War I and the transition between regimes. From Empire to Empire offers a vital new perspective on the way World War I has been traditionally studied in the Palestinian context. It also examines the effects of war on the socioeconomic sphere of a mixed city in crisis and looks into the ways the war, as well as Ottoman policies and administrators, affected the ways people perceived the Ottoman Empire and their location within it. From Empire to Empire illuminates the complex and delicate relations between ethnic and national groups and offers a different lens through which the history of Jerusalem can be seen: it proposes not only a story of conflict but also of intercommunal contacts and cooperation. Abigail Jacobson teaches at the Interdisciplinary Centre in Herzlia, Israel.
From free good to commodity: universalizing the provision of water in Paris (1830-1940)
[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management
[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History
This article focuses on the water distribution network in Paris, from the 1830s, when most Parisians got their water from public fountains, and private wells, to the 1930s, by which time almost all of the capital's inhabitants had been connected to the same network and enjoyed a standard service. It contributes, by a detailed analysis of the entire chain of mediators and mediation, to specify how the modern infrastructure ideal actually took form. In that aim, we analyze the manner in which each actor (public as well as private), in accordance with his/her constraints and resources, which depend on his/her position in the social space, was able to conceive of his/her environment, define objectives, confront problems, make choices and deploy a whole range of frequently innovative practices. Spatially analyzing the extension of the water network, this article demonstrates that the process of universalization, far from being the inexorable and linear outcome of the action of a small number of “major historical forces”, was the upshot of the actions of a whole range of actors acting in specific different geographical, social, economic and technical contexts. The achievement of the “modern infrastructural ideal” as a macro-social phenomenon was ultimately down to to a long accumulation process of a multitude of actions, interactions, conflicts and learning processes.
From Free Housing Policy to the Payment of Rates and Taxes in South African Cities 1994 - 2003
[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology
Between the beginning of the 1990s and 2003, the housing policy has shifted from "housing for all" to a more comprehensive, rationalized and complex urban strategy. The RDP (Reconstruction and Development Programme) housing strategy favoured quantitative objectives (building as many houses as possible) and chose a subsidy-based private property model. The implications of such options are fi nancially problematic for local authorities and led to a rather unsustainable urban model.
IFAS Working Paper Series / Les Cahiers de l' IFAS
From Islamic Ishbilya to Christian Sevilla : Transformation and continuity in a multicultural city
urban history, urban geography, urban culture, urban space, history of urban planning, religion, urban society
A city is more than a physical imprint. Through its architecture and human use of urban space, it is an extension of its residents, an expression of their culture. This investigation is situated within the domain of urban historical geography, focusing on both humanistic and structural dimensions of Spanish urbanism. A late medieval through early modern time frame was chosen because it compares and contrasts the Islamic and Christian experiences and imprints during periods of major urban change. By investigating change and continuity across several centuries it was possible to identify the differences between cultural, socio-political, and economic moments and trajectories. Several themes emerged during preliminary fieldwork in southern Spain in the regions of Andalusia and Extremadura, and were later developed and refined during dissertation fieldwork at the microscale of Sevilla, and barrio, San Bartolomé : (a) Spanish cities in the early modern period (1500-1800) were not predominately Roman from an earlier tradition, or a resuscitation of Roman ideas in the wake of Renaissance. Spain reflects a complex process of cultural exchange - Roman, Visgothic, Jewish, Islamic, and Christian - in planning urban settlements, in which each cultural group had a concept of "cities" from their own experience which they grafted on the structures of the existing infrastructure and expressed in rituals and architecture; (b) Urban planning decisions and use of urban space were motivated by practical considerations, people adapting to their urban environment, planning and administering their cities in a functional pragmatic way, yet ensconced within cultural traditions; (c) The religious use of space in ritual and architecture is embedded in a multi-faceted religious framework, encompassing not only theology, but identity exploration, political and social dimensions, resulting in a continually changing religious context. This research, based on extensive fieldwork, historical and archaeological data, reveals the complexity of the relationship between people and their urban environment, and rejects a single factor deterministic explanation of urbanism.
From monument to landscape and back again
Bruno Notteboom, Du monument au paysage et retour : la photographie dans le Bulletin du Touring Club de Belgique au xxe siècle L’article examine comment les publications belges liées au tourisme, notamment le Bulletin du Touring Club de Belgique, ont répercuté les différents discours sur le monument, la ville et le paysage. Au début du xxe siècle, les défenseurs du tourisme ont tenté de représenter la ville de plus en plus comme un paysage à éprouver par le mouvement, plutôt qu’une succession de monuments singuliers. Néanmoins, le Bulletin a anticipé sur cette nouvelle expérience de la ville beaucoup plus par le texte que par la photographie. L’hypothèse de cet article est que le manque d’intérêt pour un renouveau du langage photographique indique que le Bulletin et ses lecteurs avaient choisi de ne pas rompre les conventions du système iconographique établi du tourisme.
The paper examines how discourses on the monument, the city and the landscape were reflected in Belgian tourist publications, especially in the Bulletin du Touring Club de Belgique. In the early twentieth century, tourism increasingly tried to represent the city as a landscape that should be experienced through movement, rather than as a succession of single monuments. However, the Bulletin anticipates this new experience of the city far more in the text than in the photography. We argue that the lack of interest in a renewal of the photographic language indicates that the Bulletin and its readers chose not to break the conventions of the established iconographic system of tourism. tourism, photography, landscape, urban lanscape, city, monument, Belgium
From sectors to functions: producer services, metropolization and agglomeration forces in the Ile-de-France region
This paper reviews the role of producer services in the scientific debate on metropolisation processes and discusses the different types of agglomeration economies. Based on the critical appraisal of sectoral based approaches, it develops a more functional case study of the geography of producer services in the Paris metropolitan region to test the form and nature of economic specialization. The results confirm the multipolar-monocentric pattern which seems to be a common feature in many European cities. The paper concludes on the importance of a functional and hierarchical division of labor in the Paris city-region.
From situated perception to urban ambiences
Perception is central to the theory of ambience. Far from being one of many fields of research, perception is present throughout work inspired by ambience-oriented thinking. What models of intelligibility of perception can be used to pinpoint and clarify the notion of ambience ? Alternatively, in what respects do architectural and urban ambiences prompt us to adopt new ways of addressing the problematic of ordinary perception ? The aim of this paper is to highlight the close relation between ambience and perception. We seek to demonstrate that one of the issues for the notion of ambience is a reappraisal of the situated, sensory and practical character of perception. Three basic arguments are developed : ambience can be characterized as the quality of the situation, as a motor solicitation and as a sensory background.
First international Workshop on Architectural and Urban Ambient Environment, February 6-8 2002
From Sun Cities to The Villages : A history of active adult, age-restricted communities
community, communauté, gated communities, retirement, retraite, maison de retraite, urbanité, cadre de vie, logement, États-Unis, United States, Trolander Judith Ann
Abstract from the publisher : Youngtown, Arizona, opened in 1954 and was the first development community to have a minimum age requirement (then 65) and to ban underage children as permanent residents. Developer Del Webb unveiled Sun City six years later. Adjacent to Youngtown, it offered modest homes abutting a golf course. In the ensuing decades, active adult communities have proliferated, including Harold Schwartz’s "The Villages" in central Florida, today the nation’s single largest retirement community. For nearly sixty years, the success of these and similar communities have changed the image of retirees from frail, impoverished old people to energetic, well-off adults enjoying a resort-like lifestyle. While some experts predicted these communities would fail or undermine the obligations between generations, they are now firmly embedded as one possible extension of the American dream. Judith Ann Trolander has written the first book-length history of the "active adult" lifestyle. Examining the origins, development, failures, and challenges facing these communities as the baby boomer population continues to age, she offers a truly original defense of a sometimes controversial aspect of American life. Judith Ann Trolander is professor of history at the University of Minnesota, Duluth.
From the best of times to the worst of times: Professional sport and urban decline in a tale of two Clevelands, 1945-1978
sport, Cleveland, Ohio, urban decline, baseball, football, hockey
Historical research has provided scholars with a strong foundation for understanding the sport-city nexus in American culture. These studies have focused primarily on two distinct eras. The first links the rise of modern sporting and leisure practices with the birth of the American metropolis from the early nineteenth century to the early-to-mid twentieth century. The works of Melvin Adelman, Stephen Hardy, Steven Riess, and Gerald Gems have enriched this area with studies on sports growth in some of the key American metropolises at the turn of the past century: New York, Boston, and Chicago. The second area of study reflects the evolution of American professional sport as a business following World War II. These studies documented cases of league expansion, franchise relocation, and stadium construction in a specific city. Socio-cultural research addressing sport and the city has tended to look more at community-based issues for the aforementioned themes. Missing from these scholarly treatments is an examination of the plight of the postwar American city undergoing urban decline and the place of professional sport within that context. Looking at Cleveland, this study revisits the questions used in the existing body of sport-city scholarship to see if and how they can be translated to the modern city in decline. The intersection of sport and city addresses issues of civic policy, local economics, and racial relations as found in scholarly works, city records, newspapers, and archived manuscript collections. This study also examines the creation of civic image through the presence of professional sports and the meanings extracted from that image, as seen in Cleveland’s shift from “The City of Champions” to the “Mistake on the Lake.” Furthermore, the Wirth-Hardy categories of the city—physical structure, social organization, and shared beliefs—and Isenberg’s argument that human actors were at the core of downtown’s decline frame visions of the city. These underlying notions balance the examination of tangible and intangible evidence to create a more complete understanding of professional sport’s relationship to Cleveland.
From the Chinguetti mosque to Dubai towers, Extraversion, connections and neo-urban society in a globalized Mauritania
In Mauritania, new exchanges and connections entail important spatial and identity changes. As the prospective future physiognomy of the capital city Nouakchott shows, the modern insertion of Mauritania into the global economy has a critical impact on a symbolic dimension, by reference to the Gulf EmiratesThrough this opposition between Chinguetti mosque and Dubai towers, I would enhance the ambivalence of globalization: on one hand, the process is structural and its effects are evident, materializing in economic development and urban changes. But for the great majority of Mauritanians, the globalization is more symbolic than real and gives rise to frustration.