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Maria Gravari-Barbas</text>
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Mars 2013

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Editions du Moniteur

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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Cet ouvrage a l'ambition de proposer une v&amp;eacute;ritable m&amp;eacute;thodologie pour associer culture et projet urbain. Il a &amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; r&amp;eacute;dig&amp;eacute; d'apr&amp;egrave;s les travaux du Club ville-am&amp;eacute;nagement (association de ma&amp;icirc;tres d'ouvrage d'op&amp;eacute;rations urbaines) relatifs &amp;agrave; la prise en compte de la culture et du tourisme dans les projets urbains &amp;ndash; travaux pilot&amp;eacute;s par Herv&amp;eacute; Dupont, Bertrand Ousset et Jean-William Souffront.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La fabrication de la ville &amp;eacute;voque avant tout la r&amp;eacute;alisation d&amp;rsquo;infrastructures (rues, places, parcs, r&amp;eacute;seaux) et la construction de logements, &amp;eacute;quipements publics, bureaux, industries, qui font sa mati&amp;egrave;re visible. Tel a &amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; longtemps - et demeure encore largement - le r&amp;ocirc;le d&amp;eacute;volu aux am&amp;eacute;nageurs. Mais, derri&amp;egrave;re ces fonctions mat&amp;eacute;rielles, se cachent des dimensions plus immat&amp;eacute;rielles comme l&amp;rsquo;image, le rayonnement international, l&amp;rsquo;attractivit&amp;eacute;, la fiert&amp;eacute; des habitants et leur sentiment d&amp;rsquo;appartenance &amp;agrave; la ville ou au contraire de mise &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;cart, toutes r&amp;eacute;alit&amp;eacute;s qui transforment nos villes et orientent leur avenir plus s&amp;ucirc;rement que beaucoup de r&amp;eacute;alisations mat&amp;eacute;rielles. Ces questions ne sont pas nouvelles, mais des ph&amp;eacute;nom&amp;egrave;nes r&amp;eacute;cents comme la mondialisation ou la r&amp;eacute;duction du temps de travail leur ont donn&amp;eacute; une dimension sans pr&amp;eacute;c&amp;eacute;dent dans l&amp;rsquo;histoire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Comment ces questions interagissent-elles dans la politique des villes aujourd&amp;rsquo;hui, dans leur strat&amp;eacute;gie internationale comme dans leur politique vis-&amp;agrave;-vis des habitants ? Comment organiser les diff&amp;eacute;rents m&amp;eacute;tiers qui &amp;quot;font&amp;quot; la ville avec ceux qui &amp;quot;font&amp;quot; la culture ou le tourisme, pour passer d&amp;rsquo;une vision fractionn&amp;eacute;e par m&amp;eacute;tiers &amp;agrave; une vision partag&amp;eacute;e et &amp;agrave; une action conjointe ? &amp;Agrave; partir de nombreux exemples, ce livre tente de r&amp;eacute;pondre &amp;agrave; ces questions et d&amp;rsquo;ouvrir des pistes pour demain.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Présentation par l'éditeur :&#13;
&#13;
Comment aménager les centres urbains en respectant la ville ancienne tout en l’adaptant aux nouveaux modes de vie ? La question est à l’ordre du jour dès les années 1940 en France. La complexité des enjeux – fournir des logements, résorber l’habitat insalubre, favoriser la création architecturale, concevoir la cohabitation entre la ville d’hier et celle à venir – fait intervenir une pluralité d’acteurs dans ce versant peu étudié de l’aménagement urbain français. &#13;
&#13;
Isabelle Backouche éclaire les genèses de la transformation des villes françaises d’aujourd’hui à partir des archives méconnues d’une administration chargée de veiller aux alentours des monuments classés par l’État (Commission des abords). Son livre est l’occasion d’un formidable voyage dans la France urbaine du second XXe siècle, saisissant les visions aménageuses de ministères qui poursuivent des impératifs distincts mais travaillent en étroite collaboration. À l’interface entre la sphère administrative et le monde politique, la démarche de l’historienne scrute les acteurs sur des terrains emboîtés, depuis l’élaboration des contraintes juridiques qui encadrent l’aménagement urbain sur le plan national jusqu’aux mobilisations locales qui refusent la disparition d’un cadre de vie familier. &#13;
&#13;
Cette histoire des centres-villes au fil d’un dialogue entre conservation et rénovation urbaine permet de comprendre l’émergence d’une conscience patrimoniale et éclaire les horizons de la politique de la ville actuelle. &#13;
&#13;
Isabelle Backouche est maîtresse de conférences en histoire, habilitée à diriger des recherches, à l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (Centre de Recherches Historiques). </text>
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                <text>, aménagement, aménagement urbain, histoire de l'urbanisme, histoire urbaine, forme urbaine, collectivités locales, gestion locale, gouvernance, urbanisation, Monkkonen Eric H.</text>
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Eric H. Monkkonen

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1988

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University of California Press

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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;From the preface : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
The American city: we think of the Manhattan skyline, of Chicago curving along the shore of Lake Michigan, or of the Golden Gate Bridge arcing into San Francisco. Or, if we think historically, we might envision steerage passengers, crowded shopping streets and fetid tenements, leafy boulevards and Victorian mansions. This book captures a different American city, a city epitomized by suburbs and freeways as well as high-rise downtowns. This city, the unglamourous place where most Americans through history have lived, is not the ideal city and does not even represent necessarily the kind of place where people should live. This city, where nearly all Americans today do live&amp;mdash;sprawling, diffuse, varied&amp;mdash;began in the nineteenth century. It is characterized by its nonvisible foundation, a political center around which its citizens have built the physical and institutional bases of modern transportation, welfare, and education.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
The history of our cities is... the history of how they came to their corporate status, what they have done with this status, and how they have shaped themselves. Our cities are what we have made them. They will be what we make them. Not everyone shares evenly in the power to shape and make them, and this is a part of the story. The history of U.S. cities must show what makes them American, what underlies their diversity, and why they share more with the business corporation than they do with their historical, Old World, predecessors. And finally, the history of the U.S. city must show that along with the images of Manhattan's skyline, Chicago's shoreline, and San Francisco's bridges, the suburban tract carries in it a spirit that has characterized the New World city, even in the colonial period. All of these jumbled and contrasting images are the U.S. city, and none alone captures adequately the physical, cultural, and economic variety that their corporate identities have undergirded. They move, change, grow, decay, succeed, and fail, just as the American city itself.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
The late &lt;b&gt;Eric H. Monkkonen &lt;/b&gt;was Distinguished Professor of Public Policy and History at UCLA.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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Sunburnt Cities : The Great Recession, Depopulation and Urban Planning in the American Sunbelt&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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City planning is an ancient activity but a modern profession. The city planning profession in the United States arose from the urban reform movements of the 1890s and early years of this century. Here, in a volume commissioned to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the American Institute of Planners, the author examines the beginnings of urban planning and traces its gradual emergence as a guiding influence in all levels of government. The book is remarkably comprehensive and includes a wealth of detail gleaned from hundreds of original documents and extensive interviews with pioneers of the profession. Mr Scott describes the political movements, the persons and institutions, the civic crises, the legislative struggles, and the sometimes serious reverses that comprise the principal elements in the planning story; perhaps more importantly, he gives much attention to the intellectual history of planning.&lt;/div&gt;
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The late &lt;b&gt;Mel Scott &lt;/b&gt;was a planner, writer, lecturer and a research associate at the Institute of Governmental Studies, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/div&gt;
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In pre-twentieth-century Europe, cities often reflected common ideas about the design of urban buildings. Typically the form of cities was cohesive, and public spaces were clearly defined because each building played a part in an ensemble. The individual structures on Kramgasse in Bern, Switzerland, were conceived in sympathy with their neighbors and in consideration of their role in defining an outdoor public room. The issue here is not whether these design gestures were spontaneous and purposeful or were required by public policy; rather, it is the common agreement that each building played an important part in continuously generating and regenerating urban places.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the twentieth century, urban form has derived more often from theory than from such a consensus. Contemporary European urban design theorists have tried to create a new consensus based on different attitudes toward urban form, attitudes often characterized by the terms functionalist, townscape, structuralist, and neo-rationalist (or  rationalist). Our concern here is not the application of these attitudes in Europe but rather our belief that European urban design theory in the twentieth century has not provided a sound basis for American urban design. An appropriate urbanism for America must grow out of the inherent characteristics and conditions of American cities, not out of theories derived from an alien experience.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Much recent urban development in the United States has been based on a pragmatic picking and choosing among European theories and precedents, with a few homegrown techniques thrown in. But the European theories are unconvincing in American contexts. Instead of the appliqu&amp;eacute; of imported ideas and homegrown methods, we need an urban design theory that is appropriate to American circumstances and allows architects, urban designers, and planners to develop a consensus about our own urban values.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This book presents such a theory, which we call catalytic architecture. It describes the positive impact an individual urban building or project can have on subsequent projects and, ultimately, the form of a city. It encourages designers, planners, and policymakers to consider the chain-reactive potential of individual developments on civic growth and urban regeneration. It advocates design control as part of a catalytic strategy for urban design.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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Sam Bass Warner
Andrew H. Whittemore

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March 2012

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The MIT Press

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176</text>
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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
American urban form--the spaces, places, and boundaries that define city life--has been evolving since the first settlements of colonial days. The changing patterns of houses, buildings, streets, parks, pipes and wires, wharves, railroads, highways, and airports reflect changing patterns of the social, political, and economic processes that shape the city. In this book, Sam Bass Warner and Andrew Whittemore map more than three hundred years of the American city through the evolution of urban form. They do this by offering an illustrated history of &amp;ldquo;the City&amp;rdquo;--a hypothetical city that exemplifies the American city&amp;rsquo;s transformation from village to merchant seaport, industrial city, multicentered metropolis, and, finally, regional metropolis that participates in both the local and the global. The book thereby offers a yardstick against which readers can measure the history of their city.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Warner and Whittemore have constructed their hypothetical City from the histories of Boston, Philadelphia, and New York, focusing on commonalities that make up key patterns in American urban development. In an engaging text accompanied by Whittemore&amp;rsquo;s detailed, meticulous drawings, they chart the City&amp;rsquo;s changing boundaries, densities, building styles, transportation infrastructures, and population patterns. Planning for the future of cities, they remind us, requires an understanding of the forces that shaped the city&amp;rsquo;s past; these are the tools of urban change. The city&amp;rsquo;s protean, ever-changing nature offers each generation a fresh chance to reform (and re-form) it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Sam Bass Warner&lt;/b&gt; is a noted urban historian and Visiting Professor of Urban History at MIT.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Andrew H. Whittemore&lt;/b&gt; is Assistant Professor in the Department of City and Regional Planning at the University of Texas Arlington.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Comment les villes se hiérarchisent-elles selon les pays ? En Europe, le critère institutionnel aide fréquemment à répondre à cette question. Dans les pays à tradition centralisée, une grande ville domine souvent l'armature urbaine comme Paris en France. Dans les pays à constitution fédérale, comme l'Allemagne, la population urbaine se répartit selon les villes sans qu'aucune n'ait un poids démographique écrasant. Qu'en est-il en Amérique du Nord ?</text>
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                <text>Cet essai, rédigé en introduction d'un livre d'entretiens avec 27 personnalités du monde associatif et artistique jordanien, présente le portrait d'une ville de migrants, hâvre de paix du Moyen-Orient. Les phases de croissance de la ville depuis sa fondation en 1878 sont mises en parallèle avec la mixité de sa population composée de Tcherkesses, de Transjordaniens, de Syriens, de Palestiniens, de Libanais, d'Irakiens, et de travailleurs Egyptiens et asiatiques. Il présente les contradictions d'une ville qui déroute le voyageur en Orient. Du centre-ville délaissé aux quartiers en pleine réhabilitation, des camps de réfugiés aux banlieues luxuriantes, des zones d'habitat informel aux quartiers d'affaires, Amman est en pleine mue autour d'un nouveau CBD et d'une vallée de tours en projet.</text>
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                <text>Il ne faut pas nier l'évidence : Amman a un problème d'identité, simple écho, sans doute, des interrogations existentielles des Jordaniens sur eux-mêmes et sur leur pays. Comme eux, la cité a un compte à régler avec le passé, ou plutôt avec son absence d'inscription dans le passé. Comment, alors, faire l'expérience de cette ville malaimée ?</text>
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400</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192999">
                <text>Samuels, Rob. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>Osmond, Paul William Hughes</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2009</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The motivation for this research is a perceived gap in knowledge regarding the complex relationships between the physical form of the urban environment; its environmental performance as expressed through stocks and flows of materials and energy (urban metabolism); and its experienced physical and psychological qualities (urban ambience). The objective is to develop a practical methodological structure which, through investigating the relationships between these domains, may help inform the evaluation, design and development of more sustainable human settlements. One expression of this apparent knowledge gap is the ambiguity around the classification of urban form and identification of a suitable taxonomic framework to support analysis. Urban morphological research and practice is critically reviewed to derive a rigorous definition of the “urban structural unit” (USU) to facilitate the subdivision and description of urban form across spatial scales. Application of this construct to a study site in Sydney, Australia provides the basis for subsequent exploration. Investigation of theoretical and applied perspectives on urban ecology, metabolism and design enables distillation of a utilitarian set of structural, functional and ambience properties of the USU. A variety of quantitative methods pertinent to evaluation of these properties is systematically examined to derive a streamlined analytical methodology, integrating hemispherical image analysis, space syntax, isovist and material accounting methods within the USU framework. The efficacy of this methodological “toolkit” is tested in the final, empirical stage of the research, focussing mainly on the campus of the University of New South Wales. Determination of a range of material, microclimatic, ecosystemic, fractal, syntactic and isovist metrics provides a preliminary quantitative description of the campus USU in terms of its interrelated metabolic and ambience properties. This is further explained and interpreted through multivariate statistical analysis. The results suggest that the USU represents a robust framework for urban evaluation, and application of a relatively parsimonious suite of analytical methods enables a useful initial examination of the relations between significant aspects of urban form, metabolism and ambience. The outcomes of such an evaluation can directly inform built environment practice from a sustainability perspective, and also highlight areas for more detailed investigation.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193003">
                <text>http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42119 </text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/969</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/4a7d38ae45bae67cf2357c36b61c19ed.jpg</text>
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                <text>en</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>University of New South Wales - Sydney (Australie)</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193008">
                <text>urban form, flows, sustainable development, atmosphere, ambience, urban morphology, urban metabolism</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193009">
                <text>An enquiry into new methodologies for evaluating sustainable urban form</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Thesis</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>HAL</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522652">
                <text>Paulus, Fabien</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522653">
                <text>Pumain, Denise</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522654">
                <text>Vacchiani-Marcuzzo, Céline</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522655">
                <text>Lobo, José</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2006-07</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>We try here to illustrate the relevance of an evolutionary theory of urban systems for explaining their hierarchical properties. The largest cities became larger because they were successful in adopting many successive innovations. Larger cities capture innovations in a continuous way (through adaptation, imitation, anticipation), and they concentrate a larger part of anything « new » at any time. Their functions demonstrate a higher level of complexity or sophistication of their urban activity and society. The most advanced technologies concentrate in largest cities, the common place activities are ubiquitous, whereas old ones remain in small towns only (or, in economic terms, there are increasing, constant or decreasing returns to urban scale). Such regularities can be expressed in the form of scaling laws that were recognised as revealing specific constraints on the structure and evolution of complex systems in physics and biology. Approaching urban activities by scaling laws provides a linkage between the concepts of urban function, city size, and innovation cycles. Over time, there is a substitution among the activities of the largest cities, where the oldest technologies and professions are replaced by the new ones, while the old ones are relatively concentrating in the smallest towns. Such an evolution is observed within urban systems where cities are fully connected and interdependent. There are processes of cooperation through exchanges of information and learning that enable an incremental diffusion of innovation and a continuous adaptation of urban activities and society in all parts of the system. Meanwhile, there are also processes of competition between cities that enhance their capacity to innovate and to levy the benefits of innovation. A distributed process of urban growth including a slight but continuing advantage for the largest cities is the result of that competitive process, while the successive adaptation of the urban functions follows the economic and social innovation cycles.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00138790</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/13/87/90/PDF/343.pdf</text>
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                <text>ENG</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522661">
                <text>Cybergéo : Revue européenne de géographie</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522662">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>urban system</text>
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                <text>evolutionary theory</text>
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                <text>scaling laws</text>
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                <text>urban functions</text>
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                <text>innovation cycles</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522668">
                <text>An evolutionary theory for interpreting urban scaling laws</text>
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                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
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