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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193542">
                <text>Pesch, Franz. Adviser</text>
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                <text>Helmy, Mona</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2008</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Since 1970, oil has given the Arab Gulf cities the opportunity to break regional and international records in urban development and economic growth, experiencing dramatic changes in the political, economic and socio-cultural domains, and especially in architecture and urbanism. The development of oil urbanization was shaped by the different practices of “Urban Branding” and city marketing processes. More important, "Urban branding" presents the duality of the emerging cityscape, in which the “perceived images” of the city as a tangible experience of the “urban landscape” interacts with the “brand image” of the city created by the media generated image or “urban Mediascape”, establishing new approaches and directions for research and interpretation.

The research is concerned with three main enquiries: 1.To what extent can the creation of a successful image make changes in the urban landscape? 2.What are the opportunities offered by urban branding to guide or to control the appearance of the conventional typical elements of the city image over the special identity of the cities? 3.How have cities succeeded (or not) in their urban branding processes and why?
The research aims at examining whether a balance between the presentation of the identity of places and the urban development of the Gulf cities can be achieved. Also, it aims to establish a planning framework that incorporates the practice of urban branding in the design and planning of cities.

The research is based on a “thematic” approach combining empirical descriptive approach and comparative analysis method in analyzing and assessing selected examples and the interpretation of case studies.

The research focuses on the investigation of selected case studies for Arab Gulf cities – Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Doha, Qatar; Kuwait City, Kuwait; and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia - that may have succeeded (or not) in creating an image of the emerging city that has become nationally or internationally recognized. The analysis is based on selected themes, in which the most related illustrative analysis techniques are extensively used.

Following the investigation of the case studies, a comparative analysis for the case studies systematically scrutinizes and evaluates the elements that characterized the process by which imaging processes, both visual and brand images, affecting the Gulf city form. The objective is to identify the common elements between the presented case studies in order to synthesis the major characteristics of the phenomenon of the Gulf city imaging. The findings of the comparative analysis highlight the relationships between branding and city form, including the impact of branding on the development of the city image.

The suggested conceptual approach is based on incorporating the practice of urban branding in the design and development processes of the Gulf cities. The approach is based on the argument that city images are deemed to be those elements used to represent a city as a whole and its associated meanings. Hence, the suggested approach is conceived in terms of a triad, consisting of three major components: the city identity, the visual image, and the branding image. Each of these components encompasses other smaller components integral to the building of the approach itself. Consequently, the three components address ways in which city image(s) can be integrated and how the desired integration would meet the capacity of planning the city image.

There are different urban branding strategies that could be developed based on diverse city development objectives and visions, such as large scale urban projects, signed architecture, events, media, etc. The study focuses on strategies that tend to combine tangible aspects of the Gulf cities – their built environment, urban culture, heritage, infrastructure, etc. – and a number of intangible aspects – their slogan, their identity, etc. The study focuses on thee main areas: branding location strategies including natural settings, flagship projects, and landmark buildings, branding through city life, festivals and special events and branding through Mediascape, (advertising, publications, slogans, logos, etc.).

The guidelines and recommendations are arranged according to their context, current issues, planning objectives and suggested specific exemplary actions. Suggested planning guidelines deal with the following areas of action: skyline, public space, architecture, heritage, public art, and recommendations for the media generated images: festivals and events, logos, slogans and cities’ websites. Illustrative examples from both international and regional successful experience are used in a joint concern of city planning and city branding.</text>
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                <text>http://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/opus/volltexte/2008/3728/</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/925</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193550">
                <text>Universität Stuttgart</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>city branding, urban branding, urban landscape, urban planning, urban development, identity, image, Arab city</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Urban branding strategies and the emerging Arab cityscape : The image of the Gulf city</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Washbrook, David. Supervisor</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Hazareesingh, Sandip</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193556">
                <text>1999</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>This thesis is a social history of Bombay city in the first quarter of the twentieth century. It explores material changes in urban life consequent upon the impact of modernity and the varied range of contestations of the colonial order which they provoke. The first chapter outlines the specific nature of colonial modernism and shows its impact on the city's spatial forms and on its social relations. Representing a highly selective, power-driven, and essentially technological manipulation of modernity, it ensures distorted and differential outcomes within urban society. These conditions are considerably aggravated by the sudden impact of the First World War, the subject of the second chapter. The War increases material scarcities, worsens conditions of urban life, widens disparities between rich and poor, and intensifies colonial repression. At the same time, the crisis of war brings to the city the full potential of the revolution in communications which carries a modem discourse of civic rights. In the city, Homiman and sections of the bilingual urban intelligentsia rapidly vernacularize this discourse and diffuse it into new social contexts. This is perceived by the local colonial state as seriously threatening and subversive. The third chapter shows how Gandhi's anti-modernist rejection of the city leads to his attempts to control, and in some aspects reverse, this gathering urban momentum for an expansion in citizenship rights. The final chapter considers the new visions of urban citizenship expressed in the agitation for an expansion of civil and democratic rights, and in labour protest movements. This critical modernism looks to the future, rather than to the past, and acts as a force to humanise the city, presenting an alternative and potentially more radical challenge to the colonial state than the Gandhian movement.
</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193558">
                <text>http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4239/</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193559">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/924</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>en</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193562">
                <text>University of Warwick</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193563">
                <text>urban history, urban society, colonial city, urban life, citizenship, social movement, modernity</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193564">
                <text>The colonial city and the challenge of modernity : Urban hegemonies and civic contestations in Bombay City, 1905-1925</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193565">
                <text>Thesis</text>
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          </element>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Gilbert, Alan. Supervisor</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193567">
                <text>Hataya, Noriko</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193568">
                <text>2007</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>The study focuses on community participation among the poor of Bogotá, Colombia. It explores the changing relationships between poor communities, local politicians and the city government before and after the institutional reforms and changing approach to development that occurred during the 1990s. The case studies were conducted in six irregular settlements, all developed in contravention of the city’s planning regulations. Data were collected using a sample household survey and in-depth interviews with community leaders, local inhabitants and the representatives of outside organisations.

In the 1990s, clientelistic practices became less effective to push the regularisation process. City programmes toward irregular settlements became more holistic and benefited from better coordination between the different public entities. As a result, the inhabitants became more discriminating in identifying the most effective strategies for obtaining the services and infrastructure that they required.

Competent government intervention was ultimately the most important factor in furthering the regularisation process. However, regularisation could not be achieved without community participation. Community involvement was important both before and after a settlement was recognised. The community had to find the money to put down a deposit before the service agencies would install services. This required not only a minimum level of economic resources but also firm community leadership.

The study also shows that apparently contradictory decisions made by the different communities were highly rational. Whether the inhabitants were willing to pay for services depended on the benefit they expected in return. Their criteria changed through the consolidation process because their most urgent needs changed. Today, after the pricing system of public services changed, access to services depends mostly on users’ purchasing power and not on the collective negotiation led by the JAC leaders.

In the 1990s, under the new constitution with its laws protecting citizen’s rights, ‘participation’ of citizens in the political arena as well as their right to obtain basic services was clearly recognised. Under this legal framework, community participation gives the poor a voice with which they can present claims as well as criticise the negligence of public administration. However, the protests of the inhabitants against increased public service charges show that the community-based organisations sometimes still have reason, and the ability, to mobilise the local people as a final resort.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/4988/</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/923</text>
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                <text>en</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193574">
                <text>University College London (UCL)</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>informal settlement, participation, participative democracy, community, social movement, urban policy, public service, infrastructure, local management</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193576">
                <text>The illusion of community participation : Experience in the irregular settlements of Bogotá</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Thesis</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                </elementText>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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        <elementContainer>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193578">
                <text>Thomas, Deborah. Advisor</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193579">
                <text>Harrison-Conwill, Giles Burgess</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>2010</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This dissertation, Inhabiting the City: Citizenship and Democracy in Caracas, asks how multiple modalities of citizenship arise in order to facilitate working-class and middle-class strategies to negotiate formal and informal structures of rights and obligations among individuals, local communities, and the nation-state. By examining mobile and locally fixed practices in multiple sites of Caracas, Venezuela, this work explores the ways that individuals assert claims to political and social rights that are bound to particular spaces of the city.

Based on a year of ethnographic fieldwork in one middle-class and two working class communities, this dissertation explores the discursive formation of citizenships that are based on divergent conceptions of democracy. Although the notions of this mode of political organization are based on understandings of equality in the capital's working-class communities, many middle-class ideas are quite different. In more affluent communities, democratic ideals grounded in equality do not take into account popular notions of meritocracy that reinforce class hierarchy. Although many individuals in Caracas work to produce democratic spaces throughout the city, exclusions persist--and some go largely unnoticed.

Finally, I argue that the modes of belonging that many residents employ to negotiate spaces of citizenship vary according to factors such as race, class, gender, age, and geographic location. By analyzing citizenship in a city space that is as divided as Caracas--especially along class lines--I argue that studies of citizenship require attention to cultural transformations that are tied to social, geographic, and political relationships in local spaces. To conceive of the citizen as an individual with ties to the nation-state is too broad a scope to begin understanding the nuances of social and political belonging that ensure active participation within contemporary societies.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193582">
                <text>http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2404</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/922</text>
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                <text>en</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Duke University</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193587">
                <text>citizenship, democracy, urban politics, ethnology, political sciences, urban space, participation, class</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Inhabiting the city : Citizenship and democracy in Caracas</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193589">
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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                <text>Swyngedouw, Erik. Opponent</text>
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                <text>Hansen, Anders Lund</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193593">
                <text>The dissertation analyzes recent urban transformations through the lens of space wars. The main focus is on investment flows in the commercial property market, changes in urban governance and changes in social geography, and how these three aspects are related. Drawing on cross border investment data, archive studies, interviews with key actors and street walking experiences in Copenhagen, Lisbon and New York, the book offers insight into the "glocal" logic of urban imperialism and its tendency towards uneven development - fundamental forces that shape our cities in the 21st century.
In Chapter One, I introduce the concepts of space wars and the new urban imperialism and present the research questions and methodological considerations. Chapter Two analyzes processes of globalization in property markets through an empirical investigation into the commercial property market of Copenhagen. Globalization of property markets is defined, a framework for analysis is presented and methodological problems are reported. The chapter aims to improve our understanding of globalization in the sphere of immobile property, and to show to what extent globalization (in this limited sense) has occurred in Copenhagen. In Chapter Three I analyze linkages between rescaling of commercial property markets and changes in urban governance in Lisbon. The chapter aims to further advance understanding of globalization in the sphere of immobile property, and its relation with shifts in urban governance. Cautious comparisons with Copenhagen are made. Chapter Four expands the analysis of Copenhagen as a globalizing city. Through the optic of the imagineering of Copenhagen as "creative city" - part of Copenhagen's competition with other cities - relations between globalization, urban governance and social geography are analyzed. The chapter problematizes what on the surface seems to be an unequivocally positive quality ("creative") and goal ("creativity"). Chapter Five employs the concept of the global-local nexus of space wars, forging links between highly localized processes of urban transformation, competition between cities and global movements of capital and people. It shows how mental and material boundaries as well as ethnicity and class are central elements in space wars. Through the example of Sydhavn, a rapidly changing part of Copenhagen, the chapter aims to illustrate how processes of material and social construction and transformation of urban space constitute urban space wars, engaging actors at all scales.The Epilogue serves as a supplement to my short film "Space wars: a street level odyssey through the centre of the American empire : New York City". The film offers a street level voyage through the urban topography of New York, centre of the American empire, showing how the rhythms of vagabond capitalism manifest themselves as space wars. At first glance, every day in the city seems an original performance, but underneath the surface, we find a myriad of rhythms that reveal traces of millennia of human cultures and histories. In urban centers throughout the globe we can observe contemporary modern society and the materialized topographies of different modes of time-space production. The film seeks to direct attention to, and stimulate discussion on issues of space wars at different scales and in different contexts. </text>
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                <text>http://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=12683&amp;postid=547175</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/921</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193598">
                <text>Lund University</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>getting around, mobility, property, governance, urban geography, street, urban space, social change, film, urban conflict, local management</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Space wars and the new urban imperialism</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193602">
                <text>Castro, Ricardo L. Supervisor</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Hallak, Mahmoud Essam</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>2010</text>
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                <text>Understanding the pre-modern Muslim-Arab city of the Levant within our embodied modern framework of reference and in the absence of classical texts explaining urban theory within its culture highlights epistemological differences, which endemically produce cultural projections and misrepresentations. Therefore, this dissertation provides a conceptual framework for comprehending the city through an intertwined process of examining key conceptual and historical aspects of the city from within its indigenous culture while, simultaneously, critiquing our modern frameworks for conceptualizing it as currently epitomized in French poststructuralist philosophy. The dissertation undertakes this project through the investigation of the foundational notion of structure and boundaries as defined by dichotomous epistemology in modern Western thinking and by complementary duality in traditional Muslim-Arab epistemology. It reconstitutes the discourse of the city according to these terms by arguing that the latter defines Muslim-Arab worldviews and culture including, most notably, the semantic and phonetic structure of Arabic words. Through an analysis of key architectural and urban terms within a culturally-specific hermeneutical framework, the dissertation shows that compositions of any structural unit as complementary dualities intermediated by liminal mechanisms in order to create a horizontal hierarchy of autonomy and interrelativity are at the basis of the particular concepts of identity, difference, and dimensionality which ground Muslim-Arab ontology. These concepts underlie the intertwined conceptual, spatial, and social orders of the city and frame its urban culture. In comparison to this framework, it demonstrates the limitations of Derrida‘s deconstructionist model of interplay of opposites in overcoming the structuralist, dichotomous, and essentialist notions in understanding the urban order. It also shows the inability of the Foucauldian power discourse on centrality and marginality to break away from its structuralist and dichotomous presuppositions. Finally, the dissertation exposes Deleuze‘s critique of identity and hierarchy as engendering the dichotomous thinking its author had endeavoured to escape. As an alternative, the dissertation proposes a framework indigenous to the Muslim-Arab city based on complementary dualities resulting in a hierarchy of diverse unity. This hierarchy is horizontal, polycentric, and relational relative to another vertical, centric, and metaphysical hierarchy. The meeting of both hierarchies occurs through human agency and defines moral spaces of freedom as the foundation of the cultural values and spatial order of the Muslim-Arab city. </text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&amp;object_id=92233&amp;silo_library=GEN01</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193607">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/920</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193608">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/09314252b6307b62f4d14c84da9a3d68.jpg</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193610">
                <text>McGill University</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193611">
                <text>Islamic city, Arab city, urban culture, urban space, philosophy, pre-modern city</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193612">
                <text>Beyond boundaries : A philosophical mapping of the pre-modern city of the Levant</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193613">
                <text>Thesis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193614">
                <text>Forsyth, Leslie. Supervisor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193615">
                <text>Smith, Harry. Supervisor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193616">
                <text>Haddad, Rema George</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193617">
                <text>2009</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193618">
                <text>Public space is a component of our physical environment which has an important role in city life. This thesis is primarily about investigating public space and public realm in the historic city centre of Damascus in order to understand the potential for its improvement, and secondarily about recommending specific actions towards this. The research takes a qualitative approach focusing on public space as a ‘product’ which is the result of a process. In terms of the product, the nature, morphological and functional aspects of public spaces in Damascus are examined. The governance process is analysed at local level to define main actors, the rules they interact with and the rationalities they use to intervene in public space. This analysis includes locality-specific literature review and interviews with key informants. Such case study analysis is undertaken against the background of a survey of public space regeneration in selected cities around the Mediterranean. Public spaces in Damascus historically developed under strong endogenous social and cultural rules creating a hierarchy of ‘traditional’ spaces which supported public, parochial and private realms. In the contemporary period, these spaces have gone through modernisation in their governance process through introducing new actors and more formal rules, which have led to more ‘publicness’ and tension between tradition and modernisation. This has affected their nature as well as morphological and functional aspects. Analysis showed that strong centralised political and public sector control is found over the governance process through a top-down representative approach. Capacities, interests and perception of public spaces among actors, in addition to poor management, strict legislation and lack of qualified cadres, have all contributed to the continuing deteriorating situation of public spaces. Moreover, interventions for improvement occurred on a short-term basis and mainly to restore historical monuments and improve traffic. An integrated approach to upgrading open spaces is still needed on a long term basis, subject to the available financial resources, with wider governance arrangements and further collaboration and integration between different governmental bodies.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193619">
                <text>http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2303</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193620">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/919</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193622">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193623">
                <text>Heriot-Watt University</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193624">
                <text>public space, city centre, historic centre, governance, urban planning</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193625">
                <text>Changes in the nature and governance of public spaces in the historic city centre : The case of Damascus</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193627">
                <text>Grout, Nancy Catherine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193628">
                <text>1999</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193629">
                <text>'London Labour and the London Poor' (1861-62) is one of England's most remarkable nineteenth-century urban documents. Henry Mayhew, journalist, playwright and novelist, poured the best of his life's work into 'London Labour', and the earlier 'Morning Chronicle' newspaper articles (1849-51) on which it was largely based. 'London Labour' encapsulates his mature thought and energy, and public attention, and at its most concentrated, it encapsulates a single intellectual pattern, the examination of Victorian London's labouring poor seen through the communication and cultural prism of vernacular languages. And yet 'London Labour' remains strangely unrecognized even though there is a substantial body of scholarship focused on Mayhew's work, which I have examined. The challenge is to establish once again the theoretical power of Mayhew's vision of a Victorian society focused on urban relationships in the city. 'Reading Victorian London: Henry Mayhew' (1812-1887) and 'London Labour and the London Poor' (1861-62) considers how Victorian London was shaped; London's spatial organization within the limitations imposed by these structural determinations; and the patterning of group and class formations within this spatial domain. The communication issues of language--the increasingly secondary roles of the vernacular, the rise of modern reading communities, and the destruction or censorship of certain genres--are also examined. The pivotal issues of folk culture, the labouring poor described as wandering tribes in the midst of Victorian civilization, are also examined as well as the significance of nineteenth-century travel literature for understanding these important issues.

Lastly, the literary issues surrounding 'London Labour' itself are also examined through the Menippean satire, which accounts for Mayhew's perplexing and sometimes violent juxtapositions of topics, genres, and attitudes. For Mayhew combined his philosophical and practical inquiries into the study of the street-folk's life, their entertainment, humour, and vernacular languages, Victorian socio-cultural history, adventure stories and travel literature, are combined in one literary genre, called the Menippean satire. I conclude that there is the need for a more adequate theory of modern cities such as Victorian London, its history and cultures, which could be widened if scholars and journalists seriously included Mayhew's 'London Labour and the London Poor' in their discussions.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://amicus.collectionscanada.gc.ca/s4-bin/Main/ItemDisplay?l=0&amp;l_ef_l=-1&amp;id=575435.382720&amp;v=1&amp;lvl=1&amp;coll=18&amp;rt=1&amp;itm=25078729</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Simon Fraser University</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193635">
                <text>work, poverty, London Labour and the London Poor, literature, street, homeless, urban society, Mayhew Henry</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Reading Victorian London : Henry Mayhew, 1812 - 1887, and London labour and the London poor, 1861-62</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
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                <text>Lambooy, J. G. Promotor</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>In a globalizing world, with borders becoming blurred and international competition increasing, cities need to be constantly aware of their own international competitive position. Whereas enterprises can strengthen their position through takeovers, mergers, or joint ventures, cities cannot. Cities can only try to make the most of their competitive advantages. A city with international ambitions has to be able to face the challenge of international competition, and therefore must have insight into its international profile. Which local factors make cities important, prominent, trend-setting, leading? For the national level, Michael Porter paved the way with his standard work The Competitive Advantages of Nations (1990), in which he introduced his famous ‘national diamond.’ Surprisingly, though, no such substantial research exists on cities, let alone that a ‘city diamond’ has been developed. To address these issues, the perceptions of ‘citymakers’ – the companies and institutions which contribute to the international profile of a city – were collected during the period 1998–2001. Based on the responses from more than 1300 of these ‘citymakers’ from 80 cities around the world, a ‘city diamond’ has been designed. The data from the study have also been used to rank cities according to the esteem in which they are held in the world: as a whole (integral perception) and also on the basis of ten different functions (functional perception) – Performing Arts (Symphony Music, Opera, Ballet), Academia, Corporate Services, Real Estate &amp; Architecture, Museums, International Organizations, Hospitality (hotels, congresses, tourism), International Trade &amp; Transport, Media, and Multinationals &amp; Finance. Finally, the data have been used to portray the competitive profiles of the 32 most important cities. </text>
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                <text>en</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193646">
                <text>Universiteit van Amsterdam</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>economics, ranking, urban culture, world city, image</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193648">
                <text>The leading cities of the world and their competitive advantages. The perception of 'citymakers'</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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    </collection>
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        <elementContainer>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193650">
                <text>Duyvendak, W. G. J. Supervisor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193651">
                <text>Graaf, Peter van der</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193652">
                <text>2009</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193653">
                <text>In transforming deprived areas into great places to live much attention has been given to the physical, social and economical aspects of deprivation. However, little is known about the relationship between deprivation and emotional ties: What makes residents in deprived areas feel at home in their neighbourhood? In this PhD thesis Peter van der Graaf focused on the emotional ties of residents to their neighbourhood and researched how these ties are affected by urban renewal. He also compares practices between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, where the emotions of residents are considered more in urban renewal.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193654">
                <text>http://dare.uva.nl/en/record/294542</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/916</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/4627c372ef256719632e582800c7075c.jpg</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193657">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193658">
                <text>Vossiuspers UvA - Amsterdam University Press</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193659">
                <text>urban renewal, urban sociology, neighbourhood, disadvantaged district</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193660">
                <text>Out of place? Emotional ties to the neighbourhoods in urban renewal in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193661">
                <text>Thesis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
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          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644239">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193662">
                <text>Robertson, Douglas. Supervisor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193663">
                <text>Gomez, Maria V</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193664">
                <text>1998</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193665">
                <text>Old industrial areas have made broad use of new strategies as the means to overcome the difficulties created by the restructuring of their former economic foundation. The attempt to provide an appropriate environment for both fostering economic growth and attracting new investment in the face of heightened inter-urban competition has been the target of much new urban governmental activity. Apart from this general goal, these exercises are often presented as an indirect means to alleviate situations of unemployment and social decline.

In Glasgow and Bilbao, the search for local solutions has been inspired in the predominant pattern of entrepreneurial discourses which underline the importance of the creation of a not very well defined service-based economy and the reconstruction of the cities' image. Glasgow and Bilbao illustrate the failure of these practices, beyond the limited benefit brought to a few selected locations and a very limited group of people. Despite this neglect, the comparative insight provides evidence on the extent to which common patterns for renewal efforts, notwithstanding political, economic and social differences, are repeatedly used.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193666">
                <text>http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2266</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193667">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/915</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193668">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/14fe861cccc501e776f875cd52da64ec.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193669">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193670">
                <text>University of Stirling</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193671">
                <text>urban renewal, economics, urban policy</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193672">
                <text>Glasgow and Bilbao : A comparison of urban regeneration strategies</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193673">
                <text>Thesis</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193674">
                <text>Gombay, Christopher</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193675">
                <text>1997</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193676">
                <text>The central argument of this thesis is that while the approach to the study of both politics of stabilization and adjustment and the Third World has added significantly to our understanding of the nature of political systems and political cultures, it remains incomplete because the focus of most of the studies is not on the micro-level, or the level at which ordinary people struggle for survival and economic benefit. As a result, an important element in our understanding of the politics of adjustment remains obscure: the politics of everyday life. I would argue that the failure of urban adjustment in Kampala is a direct result of the vitality of the politics of everyday life and the failure of institutional reform measures adequately to address the logic of this form of politics. The politics of everyday life confronts top-down attempts at institutional reform, undermines them, and incorporates them in a fashion which conforms to its own imperatives. I explore these issues by looking at the case of market vendors in Kampala, Uganda as they struggle to improve the physical and administrative conditions within their market. The canvas upon which these struggles over space and services emerge include increasing urban poverty and insecurity in Kampala, intergovernmental jurisdictional squabbles between the Kampala City Council and the central government, and the World Bank sponsored Uganda First Urban Project. These everyday political struggles show how the urban poor undermine and resist attempts to impose restrictive regulatory frameworks upon those who cannot afford them.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193677">
                <text>http://hdl.handle.net/1807/10759</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193678">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/914</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193680">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193681">
                <text>University of Toronto</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193682">
                <text>urban life, political sciences, market, poverty, governance</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193683">
                <text>Eating cities : The politics of everyday life in Kampala, Uganda</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193684">
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193685">
                <text>London, Geoffrey. Supervisor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193686">
                <text>Van Schaik, Leon. Supervisor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193687">
                <text>George, Beth</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2009</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Perth, Western Australia - a city become region one hundred kilometres in length and expanding yet - is a place variously adored and scorned; one noted widely for its landscape and its horizon, and relatively rarely for its architecture. Young, low lying, and sparsely lined with built form, Perth might be described as a thin city. The intent of this research is to entreat an optimistic and inquisitive reading of the city of Perth through the conceptualisation of a set of six narrative threads. Six fictive interpretations of Perth, each denoting qualities of thinness, are cast toward the factual city, inviting both confirmation and opposition to their themes. They are: private city, wide city, even city, city of the immediate future, reserve city and city of form fixation. The process of elucidating and questioning the presence of these narratives allows for thicknesses to emerge from the city region; latencies with which the city can be redressed. The mechanism for directing this interpretive view of the city is the process of mapping. Each narrative thread has been explored through the formulation of a set of maps as a visual text. Through the paired workings of the narratives and the mappings, opportune conditions and operations are uncovered within the thin city, complexities that belie the ubiquity of its surface. Mappings shift in scope from the scale of the region to a site of richness at its core, sampling out entities, structures and performative processes at work in the city's plan, distilling opportune sites that are then explored via the architectural project. At once analytical and synthetic, mappings identify existing points of intrigue and simultaneously invite their extrapolation. With the thin city narratives driving the content of the maps and forming the basis for their projectual exploration, this research seeks to engage with the nascent city and offer to it an armature for its amplification that operates within the city's delirium, its peculiarity, its distinctiveness.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193690">
                <text>http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091006.103921/</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193691">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/913</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193692">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/3758b811e801e13502677556bccdd1e2.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193693">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193694">
                <text>RMIT University</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193695">
                <text>cartography, urban form</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193696">
                <text>Scouring the thin city : An investigation into Perth through the medium of mapping</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193697">
                <text>Thesis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193698">
                <text>Colenbrander, B. J. F. Promotor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193699">
                <text>Knapp, G. A. van der. Promotor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193700">
                <text>Geertman, Stephanie</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193701">
                <text>2007</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193702">
                <text>Hanoi, capital of Vietnam, has been inﬂuenced by Chinese culture, French colonization, war with the US, socialism from the USSR, and more recently, connection to the global capitalist market. The city today exposes a great dynamic mixture of different foreign ideologies with the indigenous culture in its urban morphology: traditional villages, a traditional Southeast Asian trade quarter, a colonial quarter, a socialist 1960s fringe, and the more recently developing new commercial project developments. Although Hanoi experienced a great amount of
shifts in ideologies, the city’s morphology, in this sense, exposes some similarities with other post-colonial and post-socialist cities. What is distinct for Hanoi is that the different ideologies are not as clear-cut and isolated in separate segments of the city as can be seen elsewhere. Instead, the different components, elements, and styles, in their original state or as a replica, mix and merge in all the segments of the city. Traditional villages, colonial villas, socialist housing, self-build popular housing, and new commercial housing exist side by side and in extreme cases, merge with one another. Similarly, social practices in Hanoi expose mixtures of rural and urban ways of living, and mixtures of socialist, traditional, and newly ‘global/foreign’ lifestyles entering Vietnam. In housing morphology, these dynamics are exposed in socialist apartments that are transforming into private self build popular houses, of which parts are replaced with new commercial high rises. In addition, the most recent new commercial housing areas mix with existing villages and agriculture and newly built popular housing. </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193703">
                <text>http://repository.tue.nl/627198</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193704">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/912</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193705">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/4bb49e31a54da7aef7921d5bab19f582.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193706">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193707">
                <text>Technische Universiteit Eindhoven</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193708">
                <text>housing, urbanisation, developing country, urban change, Marxism, housing complex, social housing</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193709">
                <text>The self-organizing city in Vietnam : Processes of change and transformation in housing in Hanoi</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193710">
                <text>Thesis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="11845" public="1" featured="0">
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193711">
                <text>Weesep, Jan van. Promotor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193712">
                <text>Földi, Zsuzsa</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193713">
                <text>2006</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193714">
                <text>The objective of the dissertation was to give a comparative analysis of neighbourhood dynamics in the inner-city of Budapest, under the post-socialist and at the same time globalised, new market economic circumstances. The urban phenomena that generated the need to take inner-city neighbourhood transformation as central in the study were the increasingly overwhelming change in the texture of the badly dilapidated historical residential area of Budapest and the fact that the renewal shows fairly varied patterns by neighbourhoods belonging to different districts. Renewal varies by being systematic or random; some goes along with extensive demolitions other projects show sensitivity to and the obvious intention of architectural heritage preservation. Nevertheless, whatever the strategy might be they all share one characteristic, which is the substantial population increase of the better-off. Meanwhile, in the same type of area there are still neighbourhoods devoid of interest for the investors. Besides, in spite of the increasing attention of the local authorities expressed in plans and strategies, the limited local resources, and the ownership structure hinder the halt to dilapidation. While the book deals mainly with the type of neighbourhood dynamism, meaning positive change in the quality of neighbourhoods, it also highlights the causes of stagnation and decline in other areas in the four districts discussed. For the analyses of the processes of neighbourhood regeneration such approach was chosen that focuses on the underlying structures, the relationship of actors in the process as well as the wider context and the historical path dependency of the neighbourhoods concerned, all based on the theoretical foundations of critical realism. The specified theoretical research culminated in identifying the problem field itself and in creating a base-model according to the philosophical principles of realism. The empirical research started only after specifying what phenomena, actors and relationships were to be examined closely to be able to see neighbourhood transformation in its complexity in the study areas and to apply the base model to these specific cases. In the research both the contextual part of the book and the case studies focused on spatial analyses of physical and social aspects of the urban environment and associated the quality of neighbourhoods with urban ecological factors and policy measures in the background of the given patterns as underlying structures. The other focus of attention was on the mechanisms - the local government, private sector and the non-profit sector - with a special focus on the first one having still substantial influence on the processes taking place in Budapest and in its districts. For the documentation of the upgrading provesses in the case study areas thematic maps, photos and models are used. The operation of the underlying structure are supported by personal interviews with members of the local authorities as well as civil and market actors. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193715">
                <text>http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/dissertations/2006-1114-201310/UUindex.html</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193716">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/911</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193717">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/cda851f1f09adecd11031c09290d7ec1.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193718">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193719">
                <text>Universiteit Utrecht</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193720">
                <text>neighbourhood, urban dynamics, urban change, post-socialist city, gentrification, habitat, urban environment, city centre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193721">
                <text>Neighbourhood dynamics in Inner-Budapest - a realist approach</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193722">
                <text>Thesis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
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          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193723">
                <text>Morgan, Cecilia. Advisor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193724">
                <text>Freeman, Victoria Jane</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193725">
                <text>2010</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193726">
                <text>The Indigenous past is largely absent from settler representations of the history of the city of Toronto, Canada. Nineteenth and twentieth century historical chroniclers often downplayed the historic presence of the Mississaugas and their Indigenous predecessors by drawing on doctrines of terra nullius, ignoring the significance of the Toronto Purchase, and changing the city’s foundational story from the establishment of York in 1793 to the incorporation of the City of Toronto in 1834. These chroniclers usually assumed that “real Indians” and urban life were inimical. Often their representations implied that local Indigenous peoples had no significant history and thus the region had little or no history before the arrival of Europeans. Alternatively, narratives of ethical settler indigenization positioned the Indigenous past as the uncivilized starting point in a monological European theory of historical development. In many civic discourses, the city stood in for the nation as a symbol of its future, and national history stood in for the region’s local history. The national replaced ‘the Indigenous’ in an ideological process that peaked between the 1880s and the 1930s. Concurrently, the loyalist Six Nations were often represented as the only Indigenous people with ties to Torontonians, while the specific historical identity of the Mississaugas was erased. The role of both the government and local settlers in crowding the Mississaugas out of their lands on the Credit River was rationalized as a natural process, while Indigenous land claims, historical interpretations, and mnemonic forms were rarely accorded legitimacy by non-Indigenous city residents. After World War II, with new influxes of both Indigenous peoples and multicultural immigrants into the city, colonial narratives of Toronto history were increasingly challenged and replaced by multiple stories or narrative fragments. Indigenous residents created their own representations of Toronto as an Indigenous place with an Indigenous history; emphasizing continuous occupation and spiritual connections between place and ancestors. Today, contention among Indigenous groups over the fairness of the Mississauga land claim, epistemic differences between western and Indigenous conceptions of history, and ongoing settler disavowal of the impact of colonialism have precluded any simple or consensual narrative of Toronto’s past.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193727">
                <text>http://hdl.handle.net/1807/26356</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193728">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/910</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/6bf5aa5eae627cdd44b687c776c70171.jpg</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193730">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193731">
                <text>University of Toronto</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193732">
                <text>urban history, colonial city, colonialism, indigenous, memory</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193733">
                <text>Toronto has no history!" Indigeneity  settler colonialism  and historical memory in Canada's largest city"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Thesis</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193735">
                <text>Sanyal, Bishwapriya. Advisor</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193736">
                <text>Fawaz, Mona M</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193737">
                <text>2004</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193738">
                <text>The current consensus in housing policy recognizes the importance of learning from rather than about informal settlements. To serve this end, this dissertation presents a novel methodology for investigating land and housing markets. The methodology consists of investigating time-evolving relationships between attributes of the social agents who intervene on a market (e.g. social standing, religious affiliation, gender), rules-institutions systems (formal and informal institutions), and the macro political-economic context (e.g. price of land, demographic growth). The method was applied to a case study that tracked three groups of actors: developers, public agents, and homeowners, over a fifty-year period (1950-2000) in Hayy el Sellom, a neighborhood located in the southern suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon. The case study relied on in-depth interviews of developers, public agents, and residents, a structured survey of homeowners, research of public archives (e.g. construction and urban regulations, building permits, lot subdivisions), and time series analysis of aerial photographs. The case study demonstrated that the proposed method can unpack the category of the "informal market" by revealing a web of co-existing formal (market and public institutions) and informal (e.g. social, geographic, political associations) institutions whose interplay determined market characteristics (e.g. openness, flexibility, security) and resulted in unequal opportunities for housing and capital accumulation by residents and developers, respectively. Second, the case study unraveled dialectical actor-institution relationships in which one's ability to intervene in the housing market depended on one's ability to tap existing institutions that sustain exchanges and build new ones. Third, the study documented the heavy involvement of public agencies or agents in the development of informal regulations and the organization of illegal processes of housing production. Fourth, the case study documented the interconnectedness of housing markets segments, showing how so- called informal markets are directly influenced by city-wide parameters (e.g. price of land, political stability, housing demand) and partially rely on formal market institutions such as banks and contracts. Finally, it was found that greater involvement of formal market institutions did not improve market conditions (e.g. transaction security) or opportunities for capital accumulation.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193739">
                <text>http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28789</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193740">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/909</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193741">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/1f860f68326369189e4124103fd0fca8.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193742">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193743">
                <text>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193744">
                <text>social housing, housing, housing policy, informal settlement, property</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193745">
                <text>Strategizing for housing : An investigation of the production and regulation of low-income housing in the suburbs of Beirut</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193746">
                <text>Thesis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193747">
                <text>Abdullahi El-Tom, A. Supervisor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193748">
                <text>Elbendak, Omar Emhamed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193749">
                <text>2008</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193750">
                <text>This PhD thesis is a study of urban transformation in a Libyan city. The case study focuses on the city of Tripoli, the capital of Libya. It is at the same time an old city as well as a modern city, and can be identified as a major world city. Libya has experienced one of the highest rates of urbanisation in the last few decades. Libya’s rate of urbanisation is 88%, putting it higher than that of all other African cities and, indeed, some European cities as well. The research explores the urban structure of the city including the cultural and social system. In addition, the research explores crucial urban theories from Iben Khaldun to Louis Wirth and examines modern patterns as a method of feedback of the study of urbanisation. This study shows special characteristics of urban phenomena and adds, in general, to the literature in the field. During the past number of decades, the pattern of life in Tripoli has been transformed, with particular focus on local culture which has felt the impact of global culture. These changes have brought about new aspects and patterns to life in the city. The study also argues that transformation has occurred in some aspects of life such as food and music. Urban transformation in this study is examined within the context of globalisation. That is, in the context of global urban culture with special emphasis on its impact on local culture. Here, the city is seen as a global site with many advantages. The study is therefore an example of appropriation and implementation of a sort of "global knowledge" in a local, Libyan context. It is concerned with the urban transformation and social change of Tripoli as it undergoes a transition from traditional and modern to a global state. In focusing upon the urbanisation and special structure of Tripoli, the first five chapters of the study review the historical social transformation of Tripoli through urban life, global culture, urbanisation, urban family and urban women. The research addresses the Libyan social structure and includes a history of Tripoli and observations on Libyan structure between traditional and global phenomena in relation to urbanisation. In chapter six, an attempt is made to discuss the characteristics of Tripoli. Large numbers of immigrants have swelled Tripoli’s population resulting in unique aspects of change. Tripoli shares many similarities with other cities of the world, such as a modern lifestyle and a growing prevalence of foreign food, music and dress. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193751">
                <text>http://eprints.nuim.ie/1332/</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193752">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/908</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193753">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/cbe133e6e27b42170ad23465190d7d20.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193754">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193755">
                <text>National University of Ireland Maynooth</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193756">
                <text>urban change, social change, urbanisation, immigration, urban culture, globalisation, urban life, family, women, urban society, urban anthropology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193757">
                <text>Urban transformation and social change in a Libyan city : An anthropological study of Tripoli</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193758">
                <text>Thesis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
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          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644239">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193759">
                <text>Ernste, H. Promotor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193760">
                <text>Ehlers, Gertrude Andrea Nicole</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193761">
                <text>2007</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193762">
                <text>This dissertation is about a project conducted in two neighbouring municipalities, Kerkrade and Herzogenrath, both situated on the Dutch-German border. The project’s goal was to become a
single border-crossing municipality which was to be called Eurode. The main point of research
interest was, to determine to what extent the inhabitants of both towns accepted and supported these plans. The reason why we are so interested in researching this is that the integration in border regions and towns is often considered to be a test-case in European integration. Since the social and democratic legitimacy of the European Union is a much discussed topic, the legitimation of the cooperation and even integration in border regions and towns could give an insight into the public support for the European integration. Although much scientific interest has been shown concerning the identity construction of those living on the border, and the extent of cross-border economic interactions, the aspect of how legitimate such cross-border constructs are, has received far less attention. Furthermore, in the border regions it is often asserted that the spirit of cooperation and integration across borders cannot be found in those living in these border regions. However, this has not been translated into quantitative investigations regarding public support for cross-border cooperation.

This dissertation aims to give a first onset for this. It serves to mainly document this major project in cross-border-place making and (social) legitimation. The materials have been collected, organised and categorised in order to give a ‘thick description’ of the case Eurode. The story of Eurode will resemble to a great extent a historical reconstruction, for Eurode cannot be understood without considering its historical background. We will first look at an analysis of the measures taken by the local authorities of both towns to construct Eurode and to strengthen public support. After that, we will view a survey which shows the actual support lent by the inhabitants of both towns. This detailed focus, on both the construction and the reconstruction of a border-crossing municipality, adds a new dimension to the current research into borders, and in particular to the research on border regions and towns. Furthermore, the results of this survey do not only give evidence of how socially legitimate Eurode is today, but it also provides a perspective for future prospects. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193763">
                <text>http://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/30926</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193764">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/907</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193765">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/9525323d10abaa83aeafc3206112fb2d.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193766">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193767">
                <text>Shaker</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193768">
                <text>region, border, binational, European Union, urban culture, inhabitants, economy, local authorities, governance, urban society</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193769">
                <text>The binational city Eurode : The social legitimacy of a border-crossing town</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193770">
                <text>Thesis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
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          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644239">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193771">
                <text>Boekema, F. W. M. Promotor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193772">
                <text>Dormans, Stefan</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193773">
                <text>2008</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193774">
                <text>In contemporary debates on the imagination and representation of the city, many scholars argue that there are many different ways to imagine or represent a city. A city can have different meanings to different people in different times and different places, and consequently a city can be represented or imagined in many different ways. Currently, in a world of movement and migration, it seems to be increasingly crucial to pay attention to these differing meanings and different perspectives. According to Sandercock (2003b: 1), the contemporary urban condition is defined by difference, otherness, fragmentation, splintering, multiplicity, heterogeneity, diversity and plurality. Healey (2002: 1779) consequently argues that the challenge in the contemporary period is to mould multidimensional conceptions of 'city' that both reflect and interrelate the rich diversity and complexity of contemporary urban life. In line with Massey (2005), this study understands the city as a simultaneity of stories-so-far and accordingly it analyses a multiplicity of urban tales about two medium sized Dutch cities: Tilburg and Almere. In the end, this polyvocal and narrative approach to the city and urban life aims to bring to light the ways in which many different voices can integrate in complex and often contradictory ways to build a previously unavailable image of the city. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193775">
                <text>http://hdl.handle.net/2066/68992</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193776">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/906</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193777">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/c035fec6de1b2a53222b72de2270f3f8.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193778">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193779">
                <text>RU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193780">
                <text>imaginary, narrative, urban life, image, urban society</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193781">
                <text>Narrating the city. Urban tales from Tilburg and Almere</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193782">
                <text>Thesis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
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