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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00975487</text>
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                <text>Portrait de villes américaines à l’âge global</text>
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                <text>Amérique, mondialisation, capitalisme, flux, métropolisation, espace politique, gouvernance, espace public, New York, Toronto, Los Angeles, Las Vegas</text>
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5 f&amp;eacute;vrier 2011

</text>
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S&amp;eacute;minaire</text>
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                <text>http://www.franceculture.com/plateformes-portrait-de-villes-americaines-a-l%E2%80%99age-global-portrait-de-villes-americaines-a-l%E2%80%99age-glo</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par le diffuseur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Les villes sont g&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;ralement pr&amp;eacute;sent&amp;eacute;es et analys&amp;eacute;es comme des entit&amp;eacute;s s&amp;rsquo;inscrivant dans un r&amp;eacute;cit national et de ce fait relevant d&amp;rsquo;une trajectoire commune situ&amp;eacute;e &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;interface entre l&amp;rsquo;affirmation d&amp;rsquo;une identit&amp;eacute; nationale et le jeu d&amp;rsquo;une large diversit&amp;eacute; d&amp;rsquo;acteurs &amp;eacute;conomiques. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ce cadre analytique s&amp;rsquo;av&amp;egrave;re moins pertinent &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;heure o&amp;ugrave; la dynamique du capitalisme est moins cantonn&amp;eacute;e &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;chelle du territoire national et participe de l&amp;rsquo;espace des flux globaux se d&amp;eacute;ployant souvent &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;chelle mondiale. Aussi &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;Age global, il revient aux villes et m&amp;eacute;tropoles d&amp;rsquo;affirmer leur &amp;laquo; avantage comparatif &amp;raquo;, de g&amp;eacute;rer les dynamiques spatiales indissociables de la m&amp;eacute;tropolisation et de se donner les moyens d&amp;rsquo;assurer une certaine coh&amp;eacute;sion sociale. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La s&amp;eacute;ance du s&amp;eacute;minaire se propose de mettre en sc&amp;egrave;ne ces trois th&amp;eacute;matiques au travers de portraits de villes nord-am&amp;eacute;ricaines (Etats-Unis et Canada). Tout en mettant en &amp;eacute;vidence les sp&amp;eacute;cificit&amp;eacute;s de New York, Toronto, Los Angeles et Las Vegas, l&amp;rsquo;analyse insistera plus particuli&amp;egrave;rement sur les diff&amp;eacute;rentes &amp;eacute;chelles structurant l&amp;rsquo;espace politique.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Enregistrements :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
- New York, la restructuration des espaces p&amp;eacute;ricentraux&lt;br /&gt;
Avec Marie-Fleur Albecker, Universit&amp;eacute; Paris 1, Cit&amp;eacute;s-G&amp;eacute;ographie&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Toronto, une aire m&amp;eacute;tropolitaine de poids en qu&amp;ecirc;te de gouvernance&lt;br /&gt;
Avec Guillaume Poiret, Universit&amp;eacute; Paris IV, Enec&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Los Angeles, cl&amp;ocirc;turer et laisser faire : dispositifs de pouvoir et multiculturalisme&lt;br /&gt;
Avec Sarah Mekdjian, Universit&amp;eacute; de Grenoble&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- Los Angeles/Las Vegas/New York. Des espaces publics urbains en qu&amp;ecirc;te d&amp;rsquo;un nouveau statut&lt;br /&gt;
Avec Cynthia Ghorra-Gobin, CNRS, Creda&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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48'23</text>
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                <text>Le tourisme de réunions et de congrès international est une activité économique, scientifique et culturelle complexe. A partir d'une base de données sur 15 ans, cet article se propose, dans un premier temps, d'explorer le réseau des villes de congrès mondiales, en déterminer les caractéristiques et en analyser la dynamique. Est ensuite dressée une typologie des cités d'accueil de rencontres internationales qui permet enfin de tenter une approche destinée à faire apparaître quelques articulations entre mondialisation, fonction congressuelle de haut niveau et agglomérations urbaines.</text>
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                <text>Cet article traite de la problématique récurrente de positionnement identitaire des populations usagères du mur de Ceuta, au Nord du Maroc. C'est-à-dire de la question du sens commun, réel et quotidien que revêt un tel mur dans la conscience individuelle et collective des acteurs qui en font usage. Du coup, il s'agit d'examiner deux hypothèses de bases qui semblent déterminer toute représentation du mur et de son impact sociologique : dans un premier lieu, l'émergence sociale du mur, c'est-à-dire comment l'idée du mur qui, au départ, était instituée artificiellement par les hommes, devient elle même, par la suite, une réalité transcendante et instituante de leurs comportements et de leur vision collective de soi et du monde. Et dans un deuxième lieu, le stigmate ethnoculturel généré par la dynamique sociale propre du mur, comme facteur surdéterminant des stratégies comportementales et identitaires de ses usagers.</text>
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                <text>The contemporary city is experienced through a framework of multiple spaces that individuals interact with on a daily and routine basis. These are not merely encounters with the built form, but are environments that are metabolized and personalized by the individual into an "ethos" or "ambiance" of perception: a colourful composition of time, space and the character of place. In many instances these ambiances of perception are not altogether pleasant, leading to negative or unhealthy experiences. This paper aims to explore the modern ambiances that we interact with on a daily basis to promote the cultivation of healthier experiential cities. Particular attention will be given to how we personalize our harsh and unhealthy environments and by what methods we use to cope with them.</text>
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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Post, ex, sub and dis - these are but a few of the prefixes that have been used to compose neologisms for describing the contemporary cityscape. Terms such as posturban space, postsuburbia, exurbia and disurbia are part of a dizzying collection of often hotly contested labels. This plethora demonstrates how difficult it has become to name, map and analyse the cityscape. Urban environments have come to evince a radically chaotic and fragmented structure. This book explores how fragmentation has acquired new meanings and how the urban landscape is constantly being deconstructed and reconstructed. Richly illustrated with works by artists and photographers, the volume contains a series of essays on spatial, social and cultural issues written by distinguished scholars from an unusual variety of disciplines.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;The Ghent Urban Studies Team&lt;/b&gt; responsible for the writing and editing of this volume is directed by Kristiaan Versluys and Dirk De Meyer at the University of Ghent, Belgium. The collective expertise of GUST ranges from architectural theory, urban planning, and art history to philosophy, literary criticism and cultural theory.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
De plus en plus, nous vivons en milieu urbain. Les villes occupent d&amp;eacute;sormais une place centrale dans l'organisation et la transformation des pays. Toutefois, loin d'&amp;ecirc;tre un tissu tendant &amp;agrave; l'homog&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;it&amp;eacute;, on assiste, corr&amp;eacute;lativement &amp;agrave; cet essor, &amp;agrave; une d&amp;eacute;gradation de certains quartiers retranch&amp;eacute;s dans la pauvret&amp;eacute; et les difficult&amp;eacute;s, voire &amp;agrave; l'apparition d'une nouvelle forme de s&amp;eacute;gr&amp;eacute;gation. Pour enrayer ce ph&amp;eacute;nom&amp;egrave;ne, des politiques de r&amp;eacute;g&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;ration urbaine ont &amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; lanc&amp;eacute;es, notamment celles dites de d&amp;eacute;veloppement urbain durable fond&amp;eacute;es sur des approches int&amp;eacute;gr&amp;eacute;es. Celles-ci font aujourd'hui l'objet de l'attention de l'ouvrage compos&amp;eacute; par Pierre Laurence, chercheur qui fait le choix de la comparaison des mises en oeuvre de politiques urbaines de revitalisation au sein de trois quartiers de part et d'autre de l'Atlantique (La Croix-Rousse &amp;agrave; Lyon, Sainte-Marie &amp;agrave; Montr&amp;eacute;al, et les premiers quartiers de Trois-Rivi&amp;egrave;res au Qu&amp;eacute;bec).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Si La ville est appel&amp;eacute;e &amp;agrave; devenir le lieu de vie privil&amp;eacute;gi&amp;eacute; de l'humanit&amp;eacute;, si l'on ne veut pas qu'elle se fragmente et devienne territoire d'in&amp;eacute;galit&amp;eacute;, il y a urgence &amp;agrave; repenser son d&amp;eacute;veloppement, son fonctionnement, ses strat&amp;eacute;gies et m&amp;eacute;thodes d'intervention de d&amp;eacute;veloppement urbain. D&amp;egrave;s lors, quel est le r&amp;ocirc;le des acteurs ? Quels leviers convient-il d'actionner ? Comment tenir compte dans un contexte urbain en mutation de la mise en oeuvre d'approches int&amp;eacute;gr&amp;eacute;es de d&amp;eacute;veloppement urbain durable ? Quels en sont les leviers ? Et comment d&amp;eacute;velopper des formules de gestion urbaine nouvelles mettant en synergie les diff&amp;eacute;rents acteurs de la ville ? Telles sont les questions soulev&amp;eacute;es au cours de la recherche men&amp;eacute;e par Pierre Laurence qui, via une &amp;eacute;tude comparative de cas en mati&amp;egrave;re de revitalisation de trois quartiers aupr&amp;egrave;s d'une centaine d'acteurs selon une conception durable du d&amp;eacute;veloppement urbain, interroge les enjeux et les limites de ce type de d&amp;eacute;marche, en particulier la reconfiguration profonde des modes d'intervention en mati&amp;egrave;re de revitalisation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Pierre Laurence&lt;/b&gt; est intervenant, consultant, chercheur, formateur, et &amp;eacute;galement conseiller en d&amp;eacute;veloppement communautaire &amp;agrave; la Ville de Montr&amp;eacute;al, membre de l'Observatoire qu&amp;eacute;b&amp;eacute;cois sur la d&amp;eacute;mocratie et du Groupe de recherche sur la coop&amp;eacute;ration d&amp;eacute;centralis&amp;eacute;e et le d&amp;eacute;veloppement des collectivit&amp;eacute;s locales.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
La population urbaine de l&amp;rsquo;Afrique augmente plus vite que celle de toute autre re&amp;#769;gion du monde. D&amp;rsquo;ici la fin de 2020, sur les 30 villes qui connai&amp;#770;tront la croissance la plus rapide a&amp;#768; l&amp;rsquo;e&amp;#769;chelle mondiale, 24 se trouveront sur le continent africain. En 2030, la population urbaine de l&amp;rsquo;Afrique subsaharienne devrait doubler par rapport a&amp;#768; 2010 et atteindre pre&amp;#768;s de 600 millions de personnes. Les villes africaines sont de&amp;#769;ja&amp;#768; confronte&amp;#769;es a&amp;#768; d&amp;rsquo;e&amp;#769;normes proble&amp;#768;mes: plus de la moitie&amp;#769; de leurs habitants vivent dans des bidonvilles surpeuple&amp;#769;s, environ 200 millions survivent avec moins de 2 USD par jour et les enfants pauvres des villes risquent de souffrir plus de malnutrition chronique que ceux des campagnes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L&amp;rsquo;instauration d&amp;rsquo;une situation de &amp;quot;Faim ze&amp;#769;ro&amp;quot; dans le monde &amp;ndash; dans laquelle tout individu aurait de quoi se nourrir et tous les syste&amp;#768;mes alimentaires seraient re&amp;#769;silients &amp;ndash; constitue pour l&amp;rsquo;Afrique un de&amp;#769;fi aussi urgent dans les villes que dans les campagnes. Les de&amp;#769;cideurs africains doivent agir sans plus tarder pour que la dynamique actuelle de l&amp;rsquo;urbanisation, qui ne va pas dans la bonne direction, s&amp;rsquo;infle&amp;#769;chisse vers un de&amp;#769;veloppement de villes saines et &amp;quot;plus vertes&amp;quot;, qui assurent a&amp;#768; chacun la se&amp;#769;curite&amp;#769; alimentaire et nutritionnelle, un travail et des revenus de&amp;#769;cents, et un environnement propre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le pre&amp;#769;sent rapport appelle l&amp;rsquo;attention des de&amp;#769;cideurs sur l&amp;rsquo;horticulture urbaine et pe&amp;#769;riurbaine et sur les moyens qui peuvent contribuer a&amp;#768; rendre davantage les villes plus vertes en Afrique. La production de fruits et le&amp;#769;gumes dans les zones urbaines et pe&amp;#769;riurbaines pre&amp;#769;sente un avantage comparatif inde&amp;#769;niable par rapport aux zones rurales et autres origines pour l&amp;rsquo;approvisionnement des villes en produits frais et nutritifs &amp;ndash; mais extre&amp;#770;mement pe&amp;#769;rissables &amp;ndash; tout au long de l&amp;rsquo;anne&amp;#769;e. Elle permet de cre&amp;#769;er des emplois locaux, de re&amp;#769;duire les cou&amp;#770;ts de transport des aliments et la pollution, de re&amp;#769;aliser des ceintures vertes autour des villes et de recycler les de&amp;#769;chets urbains pour en faire des ressources productives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le de&amp;#769;veloppement de villes plus vertes en Afrique va nous aider a&amp;#768; relever le de&amp;#769;fi de la &amp;laquo;Faim ze&amp;#769;ro&amp;raquo;.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 27, 1, 2010-06-28, pp.107-120</text>
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                <text>Pour en finir avec la religion civique ?</text>
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                <text>Pour faire société, on est capables de tout</text>
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                <text>“Si on est tout seul, on a l’impression qu’il n’y a rien à faire, que c’est comme ça. Quand on se réunit, on se fâche et on réagit !”&#13;
&#13;
Partout, des femmes et des hommes se lèvent et résistent collectivement pour changer les conditions de vie inhumaines des sans toits, des sans papiers, des malades du sida, des handicapés, des jeunes sans avenir. Ils refusent les inégalités éducatives, la xénophobie, la solitude et l’indifférence.&#13;
&#13;
Ils s’unissent pour agir ici et maintenant, dans leur quartier. Mais leur action est isolée, peu visible, rarement reconnue. Ils changent la société sans que la société les voie.&#13;
&#13;
Depuis douze ans, une centaine de ces collectifs du Nord-Pas-de-Calais, de l’Île-de-France, de la Région Rhône-Alpes, en France, de Wallonie ou de Bruxelles en Belgique, se rencontrent régulièrement pour échanger leurs expériences, pour se renforcer.&#13;
&#13;
Des livrets retracent leurs pratiques. Ils prennent du temps pour réfléchir leurs luttes. Ils interpellent les gens en se faisant entendre dans l’espace public. C’est le projet de Capacitation Citoyenne.&#13;
&#13;
Comme le dit Edgar Morin, “Il ne suffit plus de dénoncer. Il nous faut désormais énoncer.” C’est l’objet de ce livre, qui tente, à travers des témoignages et des réflexions d’une grande diversité dont le point commun est sans doute l’énergie, d’encourager et persuader tout un chacun que… “ensemble, on est capables de tout !”</text>
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