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                <text>L'objectif de cette communication est de présenter une nouvelle méthode permettant la production d'images à haute résolution spatiale, réunissant les qualités de la haute résolution spatiale et de la haute résolution spectrale des satellites d'observation de la Terre et plus particulièrement du capteur HRV de SPOT pour la cartographie urbaine. Les techniques de cartographie urbaine s'appuient sur des algorithmes de classification, dirigée ou non. La haute résolution spatiale ayant, pour cette application, un intérêt prépondérant, des méthodes permettant d'améliorer la résolution spatiale des images multibandes XS ont été développées. Une analyse de ces méthodes a montré qu'elles ne respectaient pas le contenu spectral original des images. La méthode ARSIS (amélioration de la résolution spectrale par injection de structures) a été développée pour fournir des images multibandes à haute résolution spatiale (dans ce cas 10 m). Elle permet la préservation de l'information originale de ces images et, par conséquent, d'améliorer l'efficacité des classificateurs. Elle s'appuie sur la transformée en ondelettes et l'analyse multirésolution, qui sont brièvement présentées. Une démonstration de cette méthode est présentée. Une évaluation quantitative a montré que la méthode ARSIS fournit de meilleurs résultats que les autres méthodes en termes de préservation de la qualité spectrale des images. Des classifications réalisées sur les données originales et sur les images résultant de la fusion sont comparées.</text>
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                <text>Actes des 6èmes journées scientifiques du Réseau Télédétection de l'AUPELF-UREF : “ Télédétection des milieux urbains et périurbains ”</text>
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                <text>6èmes journées scientifiques du Réseau Télédétection de l'AUPELF-UREF : “ Télédétection des milieux urbains et périurbains ”</text>
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                <text>[SDU:STU] Sciences of the Universe/Earth Sciences</text>
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                <text>[SDE] Environmental Sciences</text>
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                <text>Fusion d'images HRV de SPOT panchromatique et multibande à l'aide de la méthode ARSIS : apports à la cartographie urbaine</text>
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                <text>Couloigner, Isabelle</text>
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                <text>This paper presents a new strategy to extract, fully or semi-automatically, quadrangular urban network from high spatial resolution imagery. A quadrangular network is generally composed of different classes of streets in a hierarchical system. The developed strategy is based both on the multiresolution analysis and on the wavelet transform. The multiresolution analysis allows a multiscale analysis of images and thus to focus on the streets of one class at once. The wavelet transform enables the modelling of information at different characteristic scales. In the problem, it allows to model the topology of streets. These two mathematical tools are combined in the "a trous" algorithm; The application of this algorithm to images of urban areas is used to develop fully or semi-automatic multiresolution processing in order to extract a hierarchical urban network from high spatial resolution imagery. These methods will bring a help to the photo-interpreter in his work.</text>
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                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00465933</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507069">
                <text>Proceedings, 17th EARSeL Symposium “ Future Trends in Remote Sensing ”</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507070">
                <text>17th EARSeL Symposium “ Future Trends in Remote Sensing ”</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SPI:SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences/Signal and Image processing</text>
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                <text>[SDU:OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe/Ocean, Atmosphere</text>
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                <text>[SDU:STU] Sciences of the Universe/Earth Sciences</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>[INFO:INFO_TS] Computer Science/Signal and Image Processing</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Extraction of urban network from high spatial resolution imagery</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Seoul</text>
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                <text>Korea, Republic Of</text>
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                <text>Weber, Christiane</text>
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                <text>Perron, Gilles</text>
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                <text>This paper reflects the work achieved for demonstrating the potentialities of Earth Observation data for the knowledge of the atmospheric pollutants concentration fields over metropolitan areas. The interaction of several scales of pollutant observations (points-measurements, streets and urban area) is a particularity of the present work. It is applied to the city of Strasbourg, France. Its objectives are to precisely define the morphological elements which influence the pollutant distribution, and spatialize the measurements with the help of satellite data, taking benefits from previous results.</text>
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                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00466453</text>
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                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/46/64/53/PDF/hal-00466453.pdf</text>
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                <text>ENG</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507092">
                <text>Proceedings, 12th World Clean Air &amp; Environment Congress, Greening the New Millennium</text>
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                <text>12th World Clean Air &amp; Environment Congress, Greening the New Millennium</text>
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                <text>[SDE] Environmental Sciences</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Urban morphology, remote sensing and pollutants distribution: An application to the city of Strasbourg, France</text>
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                <text>Boulder, Colorado</text>
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                <text>United States</text>
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                <text>Ung, Anthony</text>
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                <text>Weber, Christiane</text>
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                <text>Perron, Gilles</text>
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                <text>Hirsch, Jacky</text>
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                <text>Kleinpeter, Joseph</text>
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                <text>Wald, Lucien</text>
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                <text>Ranchin, Thierry</text>
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                <text>2001-09-17</text>
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                <text>Air quality is a major concern in many large cities of the world, where people and sources of pollution are concentrated in the same place. Most cities have acquired a surveillance network of air pollution. But the cost of these networks is high and limits the knowledge of pollutant concentration to specific points of the town. Presently practitioners generate maps of concentration in pollutants by mean of interpolating and extrapolation methods, such as thin plate or kriging methods. Those methods are familiar and their quality depends on the number of input parameters. Other tools by modeling pollutant dispersion exist but turn to be insufficient and are not validated yet. Based on a multi-sources approach, this paper presents a methodology for the mapping of pollutant concentrations over the city of Strasbourg and its vicinity. Sources related to air pollution and urban shapes and morphology are exploited to densify the number of pollution data used for a mapping by interpolation. Several terms are introduced: “identity card of a measuring station”, “morphological indicators”, “pseudostation” and “virtual station”.</text>
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                <text>La qualité de l'air dans les villes est devenue une préoccupation majeure en France, en Europe et dans le monde. Les villes concentrent la majorité des populations et des sources de pollution. Elles sont un objet d'étude privilégié pour l'évaluation des polluants. En France toutes les villes de plus de 100 000 habitants doivent être équipées d'un réseau de surveillance de la qualité de l'air. Les coûts d'installation, d'entretien et de gestion de ces réseaux sont importants et limitent le nombre de stations de mesures installées. A partir de ces quelques points de mesures, des cartes de concentration en polluants sont générées de manière routinière par des méthodes d'interpolation et d'extrapolation, comme les plaques minces ou les méthodes basées sur le krigeage. Les résultats dépendent grandement du nombre de mesures. Basée sur une approche multi-sources, cet article présente une méthodologie pour la cartographie des concentrations de polluants. Cette méthodologie s'appuie sur la définition de pseudostations et de stations virtuelles de mesures à l'aide d'images satellitaires et d'une base de données géographiques. Les pseudostations sont des lieux de la ville présentant des caractéristiques spatiale, structurales, morphologiques et des signatures spectrales similaires aux emplacements des stations de mesures réelles. Les signatures spectrales similaires à celles des stations réelles sont recherchées dans une série d'images Landsat. Puis des indices morphologiques calculés à partir de la base de données géographiques BD TOPO(R) sont utilisés pour restreindre le nombre de pseudostations. Ces pseudostations sont alors utilisées pour déterminer les stations virtuelles qui permettent d'affecter une concentration de polluants en ce point de la ville. La densification du nombre de points de mesures (réels et virtuels) permet de calculer une nouvelle cartographie des concentrations de polluants. Une illustration partielle de cette méthodologie est proposée pour la ville de Strasbourg. Une campagne de mesures utilisant des moyens de mesures mobiles en juin 2002 fournira les moyens de valider l'approche.</text>
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                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00465564</text>
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                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/46/55/64/PDF/PI_2002.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Actes des 6ème Journées CASSINI 2002 du GDR CASSINI-SIGMA</text>
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                <text>6ème Journées CASSINI 2002 du GDR CASSINI-SIGMA</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SDE] Environmental Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507137">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507140">
                <text>Cartographie de la pollution de l'air : une nouvelle approche basée sur la télédétection et les bases de données géographiques. Application à la ville de Strasbourg</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Paris</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Chesnel, Anne-Lise</text>
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                <text>Binet, Renaud</text>
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                <text>Wald, Lucien</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507148">
                <text>Very high resolution images are particularly well adapted to damage assessment methodology in urban area because on one hand it allows an analysis focused on the buildings solely through an object-oriented analysis, and on the other hand it permits a quantitative evaluation of this damage assessment using a visually established ground truth. We propose in this paper a method of damage assessment that uses these two benefits. First an original object oriented approach to register the images is presented. Then a simple and fast damage assessment method based on correlation is proposed and tested on the test-case of the earthquake of Bam in December 2003. Each building of a test-area is classified using Support Vector Machines. The performance of the method in each case is evaluated thanks to a manually constructed reference database that uses the European Macroseismic Scale. As a result, 75% of buildings are well classified among four different EMS damage grades.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507149">
                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00464866</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507150">
                <text>DOI: 10.1109/URS.2007.371865</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507151">
                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/46/48/66/PDF/JURSE07_paper.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507152">
                <text>ENG</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507153">
                <text>Proceedings of IEEE Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event 2007,</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507154">
                <text>IEEE Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event 2007</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507155">
                <text>[SDE] Environmental Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507156">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507157">
                <text>[SPI:SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences/Signal and Image processing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507158">
                <text>[INFO:INFO_TS] Computer Science/Signal and Image Processing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507159">
                <text>earthquakes</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507160">
                <text>geophysical signal processing</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507161">
                <text>image resolution</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507162">
                <text>remote sensing</text>
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                <text>support vector machines</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507164">
                <text>An object oriented approach for quantitative assessment of building damage in urban areas using very high resolution images</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Washington, DC</text>
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                <text>United States</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Chesnel, Anne-Lise</text>
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                <text>Binet, Renaud</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Wald, Lucien</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2007-09-10</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507172">
                <text>Satellite images are more and more used to prevent natural disasters and mitigate their impact on populations. Their analysis is usually manually conducted by operators. Automatic processing of very high resolution (VHR) images is critical when the images to analyse are acquired with very different acquisition angles; however, this situation is frequent in an operational scope of a natural disaster. We propose a method to assess damage on buildings using a pair of VHR images whose dates of acquisition encompass the disaster, and a geographical information system that contains the buildings footprints. It takes into account the acquisition parameters of the images. We assess its robustness as a function of the difference between the acquisition angles of the images. For this purpose, we adopt the framework of an operational scope and use six different VHR images that have been acquired successively before and during the period of interest. We show that the rate of false-alarms increases with this difference of acquisition angles. However, even in extreme conditions, damaged buildings are well detected. Our methodology leads to a global performance of the damage detection from 69 % with a difference angle of 80o, to 90 % for a difference angle around 24o.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00464860</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507174">
                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/46/48/60/PDF/HazardWorkshop.pdf</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>ENG</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507176">
                <text>5th International Workshop on Remote Sensing for Disaster Management Applications</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507177">
                <text>[SDE] Environmental Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507178">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507179">
                <text>[SPI:SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences/Signal and Image processing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507180">
                <text>[INFO:INFO_TS] Computer Science/Signal and Image Processing</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507181">
                <text>Damage assessment on buildings using very high resolution multimodal images and GIS</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507183">
                <text>Boston, Mass.</text>
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                <text>United States</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Chesnel, Anne-Lise</text>
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                <text>Binet, Renaud</text>
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                <text>Wald, Lucien</text>
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                <text>2008</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Major disasters across the world are more and more reported because their consequences in terms of human and economical losses are increasing. This increase is explained by the growing population and by its migration in areas that are prone to disasters like seacoasts. Remote sensing has proved is usefulness for the crisis mitigation through situation report and damage assessment, as acknowledged by creation of initiatives like the International Charter Space and Major Disaster or UNOSAT. In this operational scope, the required information is manually extracted from images acquired by satellites. Usually a reference image acquired before the disaster and a crisis image acquired after the disaster are compared to retrieve damage. Concerning damage assessment on buildings, Very High Resolution (VHR) images are usually used because it allows a more reliable visual analysis at this scale. The production of information has to be as short as possible, hence the need of automation to speed it up. The images are to be made comparable, that is to say registered, and this requirement is by fare acute when considering an automatic image analysis method. On one hand, the crisis image has to be acquired as soon as possible following the disaster, regardless to the sensor type and the acquisition parameters; on the other hand, the reference image has to be as recent as possible, to avoid additional major changes that aren't related to damage. Hence there is little chance for this reference image to be acquired in the same conditions (acquisition angles for example), or even with the same sensor, than the crisis image. Moreover, the multitemporal analysis of VHR images exhibits more natural changes that aren't related to damage. This is for examples changes due to human activities, or shadow changes due to different illumination conditions. These natural changes have to be corrected or filtered out. All these differences represent a challenge for automatic images analysis methods that is seldom addressed in the literature. Object-oriented methods allow to focus the analysis on the objects of interest, thus to partly avoid false alarms due to natural changes. We focus on the buildings, more precisely on their roofs because they are most often visible by means of remote sensing. For this purpose, we use ancillary data that consist of the buildings roofs outlines in the reference image only. This data can be obtained by segmentation of the reference image, or from a Geographical Information System. Using this approach, the main remaining difficulty for automatic analysis is the registration of images acquired with different parameters, or even with different sensors and different resolutions. Using the ancillary data in agreement with the reference image, we propose a method that automatically searches for the buildings roofs outlines in the crisis image. Then it attributes change coefficients to each building by assessing the amount of change on their roof. From these features, the buildings are individually classified to quantify the damage on them. A supervised classification based on SVM is chosen. It allows to reach good classification performance with a small training set. The chosen area of study is Beirut, in Lebanon. It is particularly adapted to our study because several images are available, before, during and after the bombing in summer 2006. We use images acquired with very different conditions, and with two VHR sensors, Ikonos and QuickBird. The studied urban area, Haret Hreik, includes high buildings that generate large shifts of the roofs from one image to the other, and also some occlusion areas. The images set is composed of two reference images and three crisis images concerning the QuickBird sensor; two reference images and two crisis images concerning the Ikonos sensor. Considering monosensor and multisensor image pairs, it represents 20 different reference/crisis pairs. As ancillary data, the outlines of the buildings roofs have been manually extracted from one QuickBird reference image and registered in the other reference images. Our methodology is applied to the 20 different pairs of images. The performance of the method is evaluated for each pair as a function of the associated base to height ratio (B/H). This B/H lies between 0.42 and 1.4, which is equivalent to a difference angle between 24o and 80o. The performance of the proposed damage assessment method decreases along with the B/H. However, we show that it remains robust against extreme difference in acquisition angles. It distinguishes undamaged from damaged buildings with an accuracy of 84% using a pair of images with a difference angle of 80o. It reaches a performance of damage detection equal to 93% when the angle difference is 24o. The second conclusion of this study is that the proposed method is as efficient with QuickBird or Ikonos data, regardless to the difference of spatial resolution and sensor characteristics. Finally, we show the robustness of our method considering multisensor pairs of images. These are promising results for a future operational application.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507190">
                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00464841</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507191">
                <text>DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2008.4779585</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507192">
                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/46/48/41/PDF/2008_IGARSS_chesnel.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507193">
                <text>ENG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507194">
                <text>Proceedings, 2008 IEEE International Geoscience &amp; Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2008)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507195">
                <text>2008 IEEE International Geoscience &amp; Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2008)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507196">
                <text>[SDE] Environmental Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507197">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507198">
                <text>[SPI:SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences/Signal and Image processing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507199">
                <text>[INFO:INFO_TS] Computer Science/Signal and Image Processing</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507200">
                <text>Damage assessment on buildings using multisensor multimodal very high resolution images and ancillary data</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>conference proceeding</text>
              </elementText>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507202">
                <text>Beaulant, Anne-Lise</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507203">
                <text>Perron, Gilles</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507204">
                <text>Kleinpeter, Joseph</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507205">
                <text>Weber, Christiane</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507206">
                <text>Ranchin, Thierry</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507207">
                <text>Wald, Lucien</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507208">
                <text>2008</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507209">
                <text>Maps of pollutants concentration are usually generated by means of interpolation and extrapolation methods. The quality of the results depends mainly of the number of permanent or temporary measuring stations. This paper deals with a method for the virtual densification of the network of stations. The method creates “virtual measuring stations”. It aims at improving the quality of interpolation by increasing the number of data on pollutant concentration. The virtual stations are determined by the means of a classification method applied to each pixel of the area under concern. Discriminating elements are pollutants emission classes, land cover types, urban morphological indicators created to this purpose and distance to major roads. A first implementation was made for particulate matter (PM) for the city of Strasbourg (France) using thin-plates spline interpolation method in Arcview 9 GIS. The relative Root Mean Square Error decreases from 49% for five input stations down to 15% for the virtual stations.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507210">
                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00464795</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507211">
                <text>DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2007.12.004</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507212">
                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/46/47/95/PDF/V3_environment_international.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507213">
                <text>ENG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507214">
                <text>Environment international</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507215">
                <text>ISSN:0160-4120</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507216">
                <text>[SPI:SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences/Signal and Image processing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507217">
                <text>[SDE] Environmental Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507218">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507219">
                <text>[INFO:INFO_TS] Computer Science/Signal and Image Processing</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507220">
                <text>Adding virtual measuring stations to a network for urban air pollution mapping</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507221">
                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507222">
                <text>Pavia</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507223">
                <text>Italy</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507224">
                <text>Chesnel, Anne-Lise</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507225">
                <text>Binet, Renaud</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507226">
                <text>Wald, Lucien</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507227">
                <text>2008-09-11</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507228">
                <text>Remote sensing has proved its usefulness for the crisis mitigation through situation report and damage assessment. Visual analysis of satellite images is conducted by analysts, however automatic or decision aid method are desired. We propose a semi-automatic damage assessment method based on a pair of very high spatial resolution (VHR) images and some ancillary data. It is applied to two disaster cases, for which the QuickBird images acquisition conditions differ. For each case, the two images also have very different viewing and illumination angles. Hence their comparison requires a preliminary registration; an automatic method adapted to VHR images is described. Then several change features are extracted from the buildings, and their relevance to assess damage on buildings is evaluated. Some textural features allow a damage assessment, but correlation coefficients are more efficient. Finally, a step toward the full automation of the method is done, skipping the supervision step of the classification process. We show the robustness of the global approach for both disaster cases with average performances closed to 75 % when 4 damage classes are discriminated, up to 90 % for a intact/damaged detection.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507229">
                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00464847</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507230">
                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/46/48/47/PDF/6th_paper.pdf</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507231">
                <text>ENG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507232">
                <text>Proceedings, 6th International Workshop on Remote Sensing for Disaster Management Applications</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507233">
                <text>6th International Workshop on Remote Sensing for Disaster Management Applications</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507234">
                <text>[SDE] Environmental Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507235">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507236">
                <text>[SPI:SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences/Signal and Image processing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507237">
                <text>[INFO:INFO_TS] Computer Science/Signal and Image Processing</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507238">
                <text>Urban damage assessment using multimodal QuickBird images and ancillary data: the Bam and the Boumerdes earthquakes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507239">
                <text>conference, seminar, workshop communication</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507240">
                <text>Paris, Magali</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507241">
                <text>Wieczorek, Anna</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507242">
                <text>2010</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507243">
                <text>La recherche– que nous avons menée au sein du laboratoire CRESSON dans le cadre du programme de recherche « Habitat pluriel » – s'est attachée à étudier les usages des espaces extérieurs de l'habitat individuel dense. En prolongement du logement, de statut privatif, collectif ou public, ces espaces extérieurs articulent les différents logements entre eux et l'habitat individuel dense à l'espace public. Au premier abord, ce type d'habitat semble offrir des « promesses d'intimité » en empruntant certaines caractéristiques morphologiques de la maison individuelle. Les espaces extérieurs privatifs et collectifs recèlent ces « promesses d'intimité » : son logement ressemblerait de l'extérieur à une maison, il serait possible d'y posséder son propre jardin, de jouir d'espaces collectifs sécurisés, prolongements du jardin et terrains de jeux idéaux pour ses enfants et de rentrer chez-soi via ces espaces collectifs sécurisés et via un accès individuel. La présence d'intimité au sein des espaces extérieurs de l'habitat individuel dense n'est elle ainsi que pur fantasme ? Nous proposons de répondre par la négative en formulant l'assertion suivante : les intimités des uns et des autres n'existent que parce qu'elles se donnent à voir, à sentir, à toucher, à entendre les unes aux autres, elles n'existent que parce qu'elles interagissent les unes avec les autres. L'habitat individuel dense est bien plus qu'un habitat collectif, il est le support d'un projet de vie en collectivité qui promeut des manières de concilier besoins d'intimité, promiscuité inévitable et besoins de convivialité.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507244">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00504988</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507245">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/50/49/88/PDF/2010_BS_MPAW_Intimite.pdf</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507246">
                <text>FRE</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507247">
                <text>Habitat pluriel : densité, urbanité, intimité</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>espace public</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Christofle, Sylvie</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Des recompositions, actuelles et en gestation, sont mises en valeur par l'étude des transformations territoriales du tourisme de réunions et de congrès international. D'une part, l'évolution temporelle et spatiale de la distribution, par continent et par État, des rencontres multinationales, met à jour les mutations qui affectent essentiellement l'Europe (en décroissance lente mais continue) et la zone Asie-Pacifique (en développement). D'autre part, l'étude des variations touchant le réseau des villes mondiales de congrès permet d'observer une situation actuellement plus ouverte avec une forte extension du nombre de cités accueillant au minimum 30 rencontres internationales par an et, simultanément, la continuelle prépondérance des villes majeures, qui concentrent encore une part fondamentale du marché. Service avancé lié à l'information, la communication, l'innovation, s'articulant sur des agglomérations de dimensions et de portée différentes, le tourisme de réunions et de congrès international participe à l'ancrage territorial de la mondialisation.</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Mosella</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507266">
                <text>Congrès</text>
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                <text>réseaux de ville</text>
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                <text>tourisme</text>
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                <text>Monde</text>
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                <text>tourisme de réunions et de congrès</text>
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                <text>AFC</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>RECOMPOSITIONS TERRITORIALES : RÉSEAUX DE VILLES/TOURISME DE RÉUNIONS ET DE CONGRÈS</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507274">
                <text>Toulouse</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507275">
                <text>France</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507276">
                <text>De Lima Martins, Ismênia</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507278">
                <text>O presente estudo demonstra que a especificidade da imigração italiana no Rio de Janeiro- Cidade-Estado, constitui-se, ainda, em um vazio historiográfico. Demonstra, ainda, que tal situação não corresponde à importância dos italianos no conjunto dos imigrantes na região e, sobretudo, na formação étnica e cultural da população local.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/50/31/13/PDF/IsmeniaMartins.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>POR</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507282">
                <text>Independencias - Dependencias - Interdependencias, VI Congreso CEISAL 2010</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507283">
                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>imigração</text>
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                <text>italianos</text>
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                <text>Rio de Janeiro</text>
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                <text>Brazil</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Italianos no Rio de Janeiro. (Axe VII, Symposium 28)</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>conference, seminar, workshop communication</text>
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                <text>Toulouse</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Borius, Olivier</text>
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                <text>Rio de Janeiro va bientôt accueillir deux grands événements sportifs mondiaux, la Coupe du Monde de Football en 2014 et les Jeux Olympiques en 2016. Si l'ambition affichée est d'organiser la ville au profit du plus grand nombre, beaucoup d'éléments sont aussi réunis pour laisser place à des phénomènes urbains complexes, questionnant une ville déjà tant divisée. L'organisation de ces deux événements s'inscrit en effet dans un contexte politique et urbain bien marqué. En 2009, l'Etat de Rio a ainsi lancé un vaste programme de construction de murs, près de 15 kilomètres, autour de 13 favelas de la zone sud, la zone la plus touristique. En parallèle, l'état a entrepris la reconquête de certaines favelas, toujours dans la zone sud, laissés aux trafiquants de drogue, par la mise en place d'Unités de Police Pacificatrice. Tout cela ne manque pas d'interroger une ville, marquée tout le long de son histoire par de fortes inégalités. La question qui se pose donc est de savoir quel modèle de ville est en train d'être construit. A l'instar de Henri Lefebvre, Rio de Janeiro questionne le Droit à la Ville, et ce faisant, questionne la citoyenneté de ses habitants.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00499344</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/49/93/44/PDF/OlivierBorius.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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                <text>Independencias - Dependencias - Interdependencias, VI Congreso CEISAL 2010</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507300">
                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
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                <text>Rio de Janeiro</text>
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                <text>favelas</text>
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                <text>gentrification</text>
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                <text>Jeux Olympiques</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Rio de Janeiro olympique : murs tropicaux, favelas et gentrification. (Axe III, Symposium 13)</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507308">
                <text>Christofle, Sylvie</text>
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                <text>2001</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507310">
                <text>Le tourisme de réunions et de congrès international est une activité économique, scientifique et culturelle complexe. A partir d'une base de données sur 15 ans, cet article se propose, dans un premier temps, d'explorer le réseau des villes de congrès mondiales, en déterminer les caractéristiques et en analyser la dynamique. Est ensuite dressée une typologie des cités d'accueil de rencontres internationales qui permet enfin de tenter une approche destinée à faire apparaître quelques articulations entre mondialisation, fonction congressuelle de haut niveau et agglomérations urbaines.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507311">
                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00502306</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507312">
                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/50/23/06/PDF/Positions_de_villes_mondialisation_et_reunions_internationales.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>Géocarrefour</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="507315">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>tourisme de réunions et de congrès international</text>
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                <text>Centres de congrès internationaux</text>
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                <text>banques de données</text>
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                <text>Etats</text>
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                <text>Université François Rabelais - Tours</text>
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                <text>Espaces commerciaux, centralités et logiques d'acteurs à Beyrouth : les cas de Hamra et de Verdun</text>
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                <text>L'émigration internationale à Dakar : au coeur des nouveaux trafics mondiaux</text>
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                <text>La mondialisation côté Sud : acteurs et territoires</text>
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                <text>POPULATION URBAINE</text>
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                <text>RESEAU MIGRATOIRE</text>
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                <text>BANGLADESH</text>
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                <text>L'émigration internationale à Dakar : au coeur des nouveaux trafics mondiaux</text>
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                <text>Christofle, Sylvie</text>
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                <text>Occupation de l'espace par les congressistes et empreinte matérielle du centre de congrès marquent spatialement le territoire dans trois types de lieux privilégiés. Les centres de congrès représentent l'archétype de la station ou de la ville touristique dynamique, de niveau bon à excellent, qui déploie son champ d'action hors du tourisme d'agrément ou de cure traditionnel, qu'il soit balnéaire, thermal ou sportif.. Dans le cas des capitales et des grandes métropoles, les centres et palais des congrès se posent en indicateurs du rang de la cité dans la hiérarchie urbaine (symbole alors de pouvoir et d'internationalité) et en équipements assurant une fonction touristique toujours bienvenue. Les structures de congrès sont enfin des vecteurs de repère fondamentaux de la ville-métropole en devenir touristique et métropolitain.</text>
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                <text>L'EMPREINTE DU TOURISME</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>palais des congrès</text>
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                <text>architecture</text>
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                <text>CENTRES ET PALAIS DES CONGRES, EMPREINTES ARCHITECTURALES, URBANISTIQUES ET ECONOMIQUES DU TOURISME DE REUNIONS DANS LES LIEUX TOURISTIQUES.</text>
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                <text>Boyer, Florence</text>
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                <text>Dans les villes africaines qui connaissent une croissance démographique forte, l'accès à un logement décent pour les populations les plus pauvres est un enjeu majeur. La distinction entre habitat illégal et légal n'est pas suffisante pour comprendre les logiques de l'exclusion et de la différenciation socio-spatiales. Les situations résidentielles et le statut migratoire des individus dessinent des contrastes dans l'agglomération au fil de son expansion. Plusieurs différences apparaissent, suivant quatre variables examinées, dans la composition de la ville, l'origine géographique des titulaires des logements, le mode d'occupation et la composition sociale de ces logements. Ouagadougou ne se construit pas dans une logique binaire, mais dans l'hétérogénéité des positions résidentielles de ses habitants.</text>
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