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                <text>Caen</text>
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                <text>Noizet, Hélène</text>
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                <text>2005</text>
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                <text>Si les incursions vikings du IXe siècle ont longtemps été présentées comme des catastrophes – ce qui fut certainement le cas à l'échelle des individus qui ont subi ces raids –, il n'en est pas de même à l'échelle des institutions ecclésiastiques, comme le montre le cas de la collégiale de Saint-Martin de Tours. A long-terme, ce chapitre a tiré un large profit de ces raids car ils lui ont permis de se constituer un important patrimoine foncier en Bourgogne. Les chanoines ont en effet obtenu une dizaine de diplômes entre 862 et 886 leur concédant sept villae, situées dans le carrefour de Bourgogne, entre la Loire, la Marne et la Saône, soit dans une région où la collégiale n'était pas implantée avant le IXe siècle. Ces biens, qui faisaient encore partie des possessions de Saint-Martin à la Révolution française, leur avaient été concédés pour servir de refuge en cas d'incursion viking. Non seulement ces raids n'ont pas détruit et ruiné le chapitre de Saint-Martin, mais, bien plus, ils lui ont indirectement impulsé un nouvel élan, en consolidant son domaine.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00080510</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/08/05/10/PDF/CerisyHAL.pdf</text>
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                <text>Les fondations scandinaves en Occident et les débuts du duché de Normandie</text>
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                <text>Les fondations scandinaves en Occident et les débuts du duché de Normandie</text>
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                <text>Les fondations scandinaves en Occident et les débuts du duché de Normandie</text>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>vikings</text>
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                <text>Les chanoines de Saint-Martin de Tours et les Vikings</text>
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                <text>conference proceeding</text>
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                <text>Rennes</text>
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                <text>Noizet, Hélène</text>
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                <text>Le conflit qui a opposé en 801-802 Alcuin à Théodulfe, à propos d'un clerc réfugié dans la basilique de Saint-Martin, éclaire les pratiques juridiques et culturelles de cette époque. Grâce à la confrontation de deux types de sources – quatre lettres d'Alcuin et le capitulaire de 803 – les différents aspects de ce conflit permettent de formuler quelques remarques sur la fabrication du droit, ainsi que sur la notion de renaissance carolingienne, qui ne semble pas devoir être généralisée à tous les domaines de l'écrit. Les relations entre normes juridiques et pratiques sociales seront envisagées dans l'autre sens que celui habituellement analysé, en observant de quelle manière une norme peut être produite à partir de la pratique sociale, c'est-à-dire comment l'immunité et le droit d'asile sont réélaborés à partir de ce conflit.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00080465</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/08/04/65/PDF/AlcuinHAL.pdf</text>
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                <text>Annales de Bretagne et des Pays de l'Ouest</text>
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                <text>Annales de Bretagne et des Pays de l'Ouest</text>
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                <text>Annales de Bretagne et des Pays de l'Ouest</text>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>[SHS:DROIT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Law</text>
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                <text>droit carolingien</text>
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                <text>capitulaire</text>
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                <text>immunité</text>
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                <text>asile</text>
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                <text>Tours</text>
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                <text>Alcuin</text>
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                <text>Alcuin contre Théodulphe : un conflit producteur de normes</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>France</text>
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                <text>Noizet, Hélène</text>
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                <text>2001</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>De nombreux monastères et chapitres médiévaux sont, à l'origine, des basiliques martyriales fondées autour de la tombe d'un saint local et destinées à accueillir les pèlerins. Elles ont parfois été considérées comme étant des monastères dès le VIe siècle par les historiens. Nous reprenons la question du statut et du fonctionnement d'une quinzaine de basiliques - dont Saint-Martin de Tours et Saint-Marcel de Chalon - afin de montrer qu'elles ne fonctionnaient pas et n'étaient pas considérées comme des monastères par les auteurs mérovingiens. Si certaines avaient un monastère, elles n'étaient pas pour autant des monastères : la communauté monastique n'est alors qu'une composante de ces structures basilicales complexes.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00006197</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/04/92/01/PDF/BasiliqueRHEF.pdf</text>
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                <text>Revue d'histoire de l'Eglise de France</text>
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                <text>Revue d'histoire de l'Eglise de France</text>
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                <text>Revue d'histoire de l'Eglise de France</text>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>[SHS:RELIG] Humanities and Social Sciences/Religions</text>
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                <text>basiliques</text>
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                <text>communautés ecclésiastiques</text>
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                <text>moines</text>
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                <text>évêques</text>
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                <text>Les basiliques martyriales au VIe et au début du VIIe siècle</text>
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                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="195203">
                <text>Dittmann, Andreas. Advisor</text>
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                <text>Noori, Walid Ahmad</text>
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                <text>2010</text>
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                <text>Following two decades of war (1980-2002) that destroyed the Kabul City, it started to rebuild its transportation infrastructures from scratch. Though the upgrading of the city transportation system was on the focus of Governmental institutions (Kabul Municipality, Kabul Traffic Office and the Ministry of Transportation) and international donors, the city inhabitants have been suffering from the lack of public transportation (public transit/mass transit) and negative effects of crowded (travel/reaching time) and costly transportation. They have been spending about 20 percent of their monthly income on transportation cost. Of course, the authorities try to solve the problem, but the lack of a scientific research and data make it difficult to reach a right decision.&#13;
&#13;
Therefore, the need for a scientific research on the city transportation system was strongly felt, and this paper is based on this research that is obviously supposed to answer the following questions:&#13;
• What transportation challenges does the city face?&#13;
• Where do the challenges come from?&#13;
• How to improve the transportation system?&#13;
&#13;
This strategy follows three steps. The first step considers the city structure, function and population, examines the existing city transportation system which includes technical/physical, organizational and administrative infrastructures and transportation demand. Establishing the scope and character of a new transportation system to meet the expected demand is covered by the second step. The third step studies the economic feasibility which is not included in this paper.&#13;
&#13;
A survey was done in 2009 to identify the characteristic and function of the city and its transportation demand. About 1100 roadside interview were conducted to gather information of transportation cost and modal split in the city. Besides, seven survey points were selected to estimate the peak hours and reaching time in the city. Moreover, the Kabul municipality, the Kabul Traffic Office and the Ministry of Transportation were frequently visited to collect the transportation data.&#13;
&#13;
The result of field work and studying of literatures and historical maps implies that the Kabul City is a bipolar model of Islamic cites with ancient and modern urban nuclei, where the former still has, according to the functional characteristic, a strong effect on the transportation system, where most of the municipal bus lines emanate from.&#13;
&#13;
The current transportation system has been by no means effective as it is very poor and cannot meet the needs of a public transit system (400 buses for 4.5 million inhabitances). Besides, the physical infrastructure (road network) is also in poor condition, as only 30 percent out of 1100 km planned roads are asphalted.&#13;
&#13;
The paper shows that among the various strategies the low cost strategy emphasizing on upgrading the existing infrastructures is an appropriate option for Kabul City. It is used for cities lacking adequate budget and financial support, focusing on improvement of public transportation system as the only most useful alternative to reduce the negative impacts of overloaded traffic. </text>
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                <text>Manifestations contre les grands projets urbains en Turquie, mouvements sociaux en Grèce et en Espagne, « printemps arabes » : la Méditerranée figure aujourd’hui parmi les principaux foyers de luttes sociales dans le monde. Expression des aspirations à la démocratie des couches populaires et des classes moyennes, ces mobilisations dénoncent également la brutalité des politiques de libéralisation et de la « crise » économique et financière, ainsi que les effets des grands projets et autres transformations urbaines liées à l’« urbanisme néolibéral ». Comment analyser ce mode particulier de fabrique et de pilotage de la ville ? Quels sont les processus de marginalisation qui y sont liés ? Et surtout, comment réagissent les citadins lorsqu’ils sont confrontés aux acteurs dominants de la production de l’espace urbain ?&#13;
Pour répondre à ces questions essentielles, les contributeurs à cet ouvrage privilégient une posture originale : analyser les dynamiques en cours dans les marges urbaines. Espaces stigmatisés et dévalorisés, les marges urbaines sont certes des lieux de relégation, mais ce sont aussi des espaces-réserves pour les acteurs publics et les investisseurs privés. Enfin, ce sont des lieux de vie où, dans un contexte marqué par les processus de fragmentation, de cloisonnement et d'exclusion, les habitants continuent néanmoins d’« inventer la ville » et d’interpeller les pouvoirs en place.&#13;
&#13;
Sommaire :&#13;
&#13;
Préface Philippe Gervais-Lambony&#13;
&#13;
Introduction&#13;
Marges urbaines en débat&#13;
Bénédicte Florin &amp; Nora Semmoud&#13;
&#13;
Partie I : (re)conquête des marges Par l’urbanisme néolibéral&#13;
&#13;
« Gran Torino » : grands projets et processus de marginalisationdans une ville post-industrielle (Turin)&#13;
Francesca Governa&#13;
&#13;
Des espaces-réserve versus des espaces de résistance ?&#13;
Núria Benach &amp; Rosa Tello&#13;
&#13;
BaŞakŞehir (Istanbul), la « ville-épi » : de la marge urbaine épiphénomène au modèle urbain hégémonique&#13;
Jean-François Pérouse&#13;
&#13;
Marginalisation, démarginalisation et vice versa :quelques effets sociospatiaux des investissements à Marrakech&#13;
Elsa Coslado&#13;
&#13;
Un « contre-lieu » d’urbanité marginale .L’exemple du quartier de Sant’Elia (Cagliari)&#13;
Raffaele Cattedra &amp; Maurizio Memoli&#13;
&#13;
Scènes patrimoniales au sud du Liban : revalorisations symboliqueset recompositions territoriales contemporaines . Saïda, Tyr, Bint Jbeil&#13;
Maud Moussi&#13;
&#13;
Partie II : intégration des marges : Politiques locales/nationales et Pratiques des habitants&#13;
&#13;
Reconquérir ou reconfigurer les marges de la ville ?La concurrence des politiques de résorption des quartiers informels à Damas&#13;
Valérie Clerc&#13;
&#13;
La construction d’une « citadinité de combat » dans les opérationsde relogement algéroises, ou la stigmatisation détournée&#13;
Madani Safar Zitoun&#13;
&#13;
Quand la marge passe au centre . Le cas des périphéries de Sanaa (Yémen)&#13;
Roman Stadnicki &amp; Vincent Martignon&#13;
&#13;
La vieille ville du Caire à l’épreuve du patrimoine :quelle réception sociale à la « revitalisation » des marges urbaines ?&#13;
Hossam Adly&#13;
&#13;
Conclusion&#13;
Marges urbaines en Méditerranée :questions en suspens et chantiers de recherche&#13;
Olivier Legros&#13;
&#13;
Notices biographiques</text>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Noucher, Matthieu</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Dans le contexte actuel de diffusion rapide des technologies de l'information géographique, les outils de la géomatique ne sont plus réservés à quelques techniciens mais touchent désormais l'ensemble des acteurs du territoire (urbanistes, géologues, forestiers, gestionnaires de réseaux, etc.). Face à cette multiplication de systèmes d'information géographique experts et devant les besoins croissants de visions intégrées du territoire, de nombreuses initiatives partenariales voient le jour. Leurs finalités tendent à évoluer progressivement : de la diffusion de référentiels géographiques à l'harmonisation voire la coproduction de données métier. On observe, ainsi, un basculement progressif des logiques de porter à connaissance vers des objectifs plus ambitieux de partage de connaissances.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Cartes &amp; Géomatique - Revue du Comité Français de Cartographie</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="475626">
                <text>géomatique</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>donnée géographique</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>objet-frontière</text>
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                <text>appropriation</text>
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                <text>cognition</text>
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                <text>systémique</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="475632">
                <text>La donnée géographique aux frontières des organisations. Approche socio-cognitive de son appropriation.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Espaces et sociétés</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>revue publiée par ERES</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>CAIRN</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>71</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="432428">
                <text>Nouss, Alexis</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2003</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ESP_G2003_113_0039</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="432431">
                <text>fre</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="432432">
                <text>Cairn</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="432433">
                <text>Espaces et sociétés, n 113-114, 2, 2003-06-01, pp.39-46</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="432434">
                <text>Espaces de métissage</text>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>HAL</text>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="489842">
                <text>Novarina, Gilles</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="489843">
                <text>2001-12-01</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="489844">
                <text>Il dinamismo dello sviluppo dei "sistemi locali dell'alta tecnologia" dipende dall'interazione tra due serie di fattori che possono essere definiti come fattori di contesto e fattori di agenzia. Un altro tipo di approccio porta ad analizzare le relazioni tra il "sistema locale dell'alta tecnologia" - il termine è ancora da definire - e la società urbana in cui s'inserisce. La strutturazione della società urbana è il risultato di un processo storico di lunga (e corta) durata, un processo che crea, in ogni città (o piuttosto in ogni regione metropolitana) un contesto territoriale specifico che può essere definito come un'articolazione di risorse ambientali, umane, culturali, economiche, sociali e politiche. Questo contesto territoriale appare come un insieme di potenzialità (e di vincoli), che possono essere o non essere valorizzate (superati) dagli attori locali. Il "sistema locale di alta tecnologia" può essere percepito come un sistema di attori che, nel corso della storia, è all'origine di iniziative indirizzate ad attuare le potenzialità locali. La ricerca recente ha proposto numerosi concetti, come quelli di "milieu innovateur", di distretto tecnologico o di cluster, per caratterizzare tale sistema. Questa premessa analitica sarà utilizzata per descrivere il processo di trasformazione di una città industriale in uno dei principali poli scientifici e tecnologici di livello europeo. All'inizio del novecento, Grenoble, con meno di cento mila abitanti, è una città interclusa nelle Alpi con una specializzazione industriale. In un secolo, ha conosciuto delle riconversioni economiche, sino a diventare un centro di rilevo per l'elettronica, l'informatica, il software e le nanotecnologie.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00655822</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="489846">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/65/58/22/PDF/Verso_la_cittA_dell_innovazione_.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="489847">
                <text>ITA</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Stato e mercato</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="489849">
                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="489850">
                <text>società locale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="489851">
                <text>città</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="489852">
                <text>attori</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>area metropolitana</text>
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                <text>innovazione</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>distretti tecnologico</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>cluster</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="489857">
                <text>pianificazione strategica</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="489858">
                <text>VERSO LA CITTÀ DELL'INNOVAZIONE?</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="489859">
                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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      <elementSetContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644254">
                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="526089">
                <text>Novarina, Gilles</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="526090">
                <text>Paulhiac, Florence</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="526091">
                <text>2006</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="526092">
                <text>La Francia, alla fine degli anni 1990, ha conosciuto un importante processo di riforme istituzionale. L'obiettivo dello Stato è il miglioramento del funzionamento del governo dell'area metropoitana. Quindi, oggi, tutte le grandi agglomerazioni urbane si sono dotate di una forma integrata di governo del territorio. In compenso, il processo di pianificazione territoriale ha seguito un cammino più complesso. Le modalità di articolazione tra piano territoriale e piani di settore sono diverse secondo le agglomerazione.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="526093">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00265014</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="526094">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/26/50/14/PDF/article_territorio.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="526095">
                <text>ITA</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="526096">
                <text>Territorio</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="526097">
                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="526098">
                <text>pianificazione territoriale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="526099">
                <text>piani settoriali</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="526100">
                <text>governo</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="526101">
                <text>aera metropolitana</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="526102">
                <text>Bordeaux</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="526103">
                <text>Grenoble</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="526104">
                <text>Piani di settori o di territorio : quali i confini?</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="526105">
                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644247">
                  <text>Urbanisation et sociétés urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>IRD</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="346060">
                <text>El Kadi, Galila (ed.)</text>
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                <text>Ouallet, Anne (ed.)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="346062">
                <text>Couret, Dominique (ed.)</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="346063">
                <text>EGYPTE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="346064">
                <text>BUR SAID</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="346065">
                <text>ISRAEL</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="346066">
                <text>Noweir, Sawsan</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>2005</text>
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                <text>Cet article étudie la mobilité résidentielle de « milieu de retraite » en la comparant à celle observée plus tôt dans le cycle de vie de la retraite. L’enquête porte sur quatre territoires typifiés permettant de voir comment jouent sur la mobilité résidentielle les environnements ruraux ou urbains, connotés ou non touristiquement. Les raisons données par 286 personnes ayant été mobiles entre 55 et 84 ans sont étudiées, puis nous recentrons notre propos sur celles ayant déménagé entre 70 et 84 ans pour considérer les logiques à l’œuvre identifiables sur tous les territoires. Nous montrons ensuite que les caractéristiques des territoires sélectionnent certains types de mobilités et déterminent le nouveau cadre de vie des retraités, aussi bien à l’échelle du logement que de l’espace vécu. La singularité des territoires apparaît alors. Cependant, les logiques des mobilités ne sont pas seulement sous l’influence du cadre spatial ; elles s’effectuent aussi en tenant compte des relations sociales. </text>
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                <text>This article compares residential mobility at the middle of the retirement period with mobility observed at the beginning of retirement. The survey covers four specific sites in order to characterize the impact on the retirement mobility of rural versus urban settings, and of tourist places versus others. We examine the reasons given by 286 persons who moved between ages 55 and 84 and we then focus our discussion on retirees who moved between ages 70 and 84 to explore strategies at play in various settings. We also show that some mobility patterns are related to characteristics of the new living environment of retirees, both in terms of housing and of ‘living space’. However, mobility patterns are not only influenced by the spatial context, but are also related to local social relations (family, friends, neighbourhood, etc.) </text>
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                <text>old people</text>
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                <text>residential mobility</text>
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                <text>retirees</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="566620">
                <text>La mobilité résidentielle au milieu de la retraite : un cadre spatial structurant lié à des configurations sociales</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="191502">
                <text> Lequin, Yves. Directeur de thèse </text>
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                <text>Nugues-Bourchat, Alexandre</text>
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                <text>2004</text>
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                <text>Cette étude s’attache aux formes populaires et bourgeoises d’organisation du social à l’œuvre dans le Lyon du XIXe siècle. Le peuple n’existe pas d’un point de vue sociologique mais prend corps au travers de comportements partagés. Les bourgeoisies existent également en tant que groupe réuni par des attitudes communes. Mais entre elles et lui existe un réel fossé des sensibilités ; de plus, le pouvoir que les premières incarnent tente d’imposer ses propres normes au second. Le projet normatif du pouvoir a pour ambition de quadriller la société pour mieux la contrôler – vieille idée dont l’application n’a pus se faire qu’au XIXe siècle, notamment grâce à un système policier cohérent ; toutefois si un contrôle s’exerce, la surveillance totale reste une chimère. L’autorégulation populaire, quant à elle, induit l’existence de normes devant être suivies par tous ; leur respect est assuré par le voisinage qui arbitre les différends par sa présence et ses éventuelles réactions.  Ces deux façons de gérer le social fonctionnent selon le même principe mais sont en décalage, car le seuil de tolérance du pouvoir est plus bas que celui du peuple – d’où des incompréhensions, des oppositions, des tromperies mais aussi des accords et des modus vivendi. Au-delà de ces rapports de pouvoir, l’un des enseignements de cette thèse est que la société urbaine du XIXe siècle ne peut se résumer à un dépérissement de l'Ancien Régime ni se contenter d'être le prélude à la modernité du siècle suivant. Elle existe avec ses logiques propres, mais celles-ci semblent se déliter à partir des années 1880.</text>
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                <text>http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2004/nugues-bourchat_a</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="191507">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/259</text>
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                <text>Université Lumière - Lyon II</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="191511">
                <text>Lyon, police, peuple, sociabilité, bourgeoisie</text>
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                <text>Représentations et pratiques d’une société urbaine : Lyon, 1800-1880</text>
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                <text>Nunez, Antonio</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2008</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522776">
                <text>It has been observed that older high traffic motorways experience lower traffic growth than newer ones (ceteris paribus). This phenomenon is known as traffic maturity; however, it is not captured through traditional time-series long-term forecasts, due to constant elasticity to gross domestic product these models assume. In this paper we argue that traffic maturity results from decreasing marginal utility of transport. The elasticity of individual mobility with respect to the revenue tends to decrease when the level of mobility increases. In order to find evidences of decreasing elasticity we analyse a cross-section time-series sample including 40 French motorways' sections. This analysis shows that decreasing elasticity can be observed in the long term. We then propose a decreasing function for the traffic elasticity with respect to the economic growth, which depends on the traffic level on the road. This model provides a good explanation for the observed traffic evolution and gives a rigorous econometric approach to time-series traffic forecasts.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00323046</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1007/s11067-007-9049-0</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522779">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/32/30/46/PDF/nunez_maturity_2007.pdf</text>
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                <text>ENG</text>
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                <text>Networks and Spatial Economics</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>ISSN:1566-113X</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economy and finances</text>
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                <text>Demand forecast</text>
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                <text>Traffic maturity</text>
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                <text>Estimating the functional form of road traffic maturity</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="495676">
                <text>Nunez, Matias</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>This work presents a rationale for the prevalent limits to voters' information disclosure in electoral settings. When allowed to express an intensity of preferences, strategic voters overstate in equilibrium of large multicandidate elections. Due to these overstatements, the set of voting equilibria of elections held under different voting rules coincide: the voting rules are strategically equivalent. Voters need not anymore overstate in electorates with few voters. However, enlarging the set of available grades does not significantly alter the set of possible winners in such elections.</text>
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                <text>Overstating: A tale of two cities</text>
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                <text>La présente recherche résulte d'une double interrogation, sur la population et le peuplement de la Jordanie provoqué à plusieurs reprises par des séïsmes démographiques, (exode forcé et massif des réfugiés palestiniens) ainsi que sur les politiques de l'habitat en place. Phénomène extraordinaire que la rapidité dans laquelle la société jordanienne a évolué; de la bédouinisation à la sédentarisation puis à l'urbanisation proprement dite, avec une croissance de plus de 70% aujourd'hui, ce qui a posé de véritables problèmes urbains. Les problèmes accumulés depuis 1948, donneront lieu à une grave crise d'habitat, particulièrement visible à Amman. L e problème de logement est encore plus grand pour les 68% de la population qui est considéré comme "bas revenus" dont 30 à 4 0% des ménages vivent au dessous du seuil de pauvreté relative, (100 D j par mois) on peut évidemment se douter que ces ménages sont exclus des projets d'habitat, tant privés que publics. L'Etat jordanien, diminué d'important moyens financiers, laisse faire plusieurs politiques d'habitats qui se réalisent tant bien que mal, selon la conjoncture politique et économique dans l'isthème du Proche et Moyen-Orient. Les pourparlers Arabes et Israéliens devraient permettre à la Jordanie plus de stabilité et de possibilité à réaliser une vrai politique d'habitat, appliquée sur l'ensemble du territoire national.</text>
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                <text>Université Paris XII Val de Marne</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>Jordanie</text>
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                <text>pressions démographiques</text>
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                <text>croissance urbaine</text>
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                <text>habitat non réglementé</text>
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                <text>spéculation foncière</text>
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                <text>crise du logement</text>
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                <text>politique d'habitat</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Séismes démographiques et politiques d'habitat en Jordanie : le cas d'Amman</text>
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                <text>PhD thesis</text>
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                  <text>Géographie et cultures</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Géographie et cultures étudie la géographie culturelle, en centrant le propos sur le « tournant culturel » et plus largement les cultural studies. Depuis 1992, elle dresse un panorama actualisé en France et à l’étranger de l’état de la recherche dans ce domaine. La revue est conçue comme une plateforme d’idées, d’objets et de formats nouveaux, elle occupe une place originale dans son champ académique.</text>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Le flâneur dans l’espace urbain</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>flâneur</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="638699">
                <text>scène urbaine</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="638700">
                <text>analyse sociologique</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="638701">
                <text>urban scene</text>
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                <text>sociological analysis</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="638703">
                <text>Espace ; société et territoire</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="638704">
                <text>Géographie : politique ; culture et représentation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="638705">
                <text>isi:Environmental studies</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="638706">
                <text>isi:Geography</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>La notion de flâneur, codifiée par W. Benjamin et son œuvre sur les « passages » de Paris, est employée dès la fin du XIXe siècle pour désigner les poètes et les intellectuels qui, en se promenant, observent de façon critique les comportements des individus. Elle demeure aujourd’hui d’un grand intérêt en sciences sociales, mais aussi en philosophie, en littérature et au cinéma, puisqu’elle constitue un outil privilégié pour identifier les modes de déplacement et d’exploration des lieux par les individus et les rapports sociaux qui en découlent. Le flâneur représente également une figure essentielle dans le processus de mise en scène de l’espace urbain. Il peut l’être de deux points de vue : soit comme acteur-utilisateur de l’espace public, soit comme narrateur et interprète de l’espace lui-même. Dans cet article, nous chercherons à définir tout d’abord les caractéristiques du flâneur comme utilisateur de l’espace en termes corporels et intellectuels, en comparaison avec les autres utilisateurs des espaces publics. Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux fonctions du flâneur comme constructeur de sens pour comprendre le rôle qui peut être le sien dans l’élaboration des espaces collectifs.</text>
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                <text>The notion of flâneur - employed since the late 19th century to designate poets and intellectuals that critically observed people’s behaviour while strolling among the crowds, and codified in Benjamin’s influential work on the « Passages » of Paris - is once again of central interest (in social science, philosophy, literature, and cinema) as a tool for identifying a specific mode of travel and exploration of places, a particular type of reflective relationship with people and spaces. The flâneur – as an actor as well as a narrator and interpreter of the urban space - is a crucial figure also in the process of staging of the urban spaces itself. The paper will describe first the characteristics of the flâneur as a user of the public spaces from a physical as well as from an intellectual point of view compared with other kinds of users ; then we will focus on the functions of the flâneur as a constructor of sense in the elaboration of the collective space.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="638709">
                <text>Nuvolati, Giampaolo</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Géographie et cultures</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="638711">
                <text>2009</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="638712">
                <text>fr</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="638714">
                <text>http://gc.revues.org/2167</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644244">
                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644246">
                  <text>PERSEE</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375870">
                <text>47-53</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="375871">
                <text>C. A. Bargeman</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="375872">
                <text>O. A. L .C Atzema</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375873">
                <text>1986</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="375874">
                <text>Les différences de croissance régionale aux Pays-Bas sont de plus en plus influencées par les migrations intérieures. Depuis les années soixante-dix on observe un ralentissement de la rurbanisation au profit des flux de jeunes migrants vers les villes. Un processus de vieillissement de la population non-urbaine est ainsi en train de s'amorcer.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="375875">
                <text>Population growth and internal migration in the peri-urban and extra-urban areas of the Netherlands 

The differences in regional growth in the Netherlands are increasingly linked with internal migrations. Since the seventies, a slackening of counter-urbanization is observed while flows of young migrants are increasing towards the urban areas. A result of this change is the ageing of the non-urban population.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="375876">
                <text>Atzema O. A. L .C, Bargeman C. A. Accroissement de la population et migrations intérieures dans les régions péri-urbaines et extra-urbaines des Pays-Bas.. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1986-3. Populations rurales et populations agricoles - Rural populations and agricultural populations. pp. 47-53.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1986_num_4_3_1159</text>
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                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1986.1159</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>fre</text>
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                <text>PERSEE</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375881">
                <text>Internal migrations ; Mobility transition ; The Netherlands</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375882">
                <text>Migrations intérieures ; Transition de la mobilité ; Pays-Bas.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Accroissement de la population et migrations intérieures dans les régions péri-urbaines et extra-urbaines des Pays-Bas.</text>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="495689">
                <text>O'Keeffe-Vigneron, Grainne</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2008</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>This article will trace how expressions of Irish culture in London have evolved in the period following the Second World War, going from celebrations which took place within the confines of the Irish community in the 1950s and 1960s to more public and open articulations of an Irish identity thirty years later.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00612723</text>
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                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/61/27/23/PDF/OKeeffe_The_Irish_Celebrating.pdf</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="495694">
                <text>ENG</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>The Irish Celebrating Festive and Tragic Overtones</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
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                <text>Irish in London</text>
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                <text>celebrations</text>
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                <text>St.Patrick's day</text>
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                <text>Irish culture</text>
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                <text>ethnic minority</text>
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                <text>Celebrating Irishness in London</text>
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