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                <text>La rue et la thébaide</text>
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                <text>This article presents the slum upgrading activities of the Nairobi People Settlement Network (NPSN) beginning with an historical background of this movement. It focuses on the participation of the community in these processes through highlighting NPSN goals, achievements and challenges in contributing to sustainable slum-upgrading programmes.</text>
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                <text>Une expérimentation impulsée par des chercheurs et des professionnels des politiques publiques visant à construire des indicateurs de bien-être soutenable territorialisée à l'échelle du territoire de l'agglomération grenobloise a émergé à la croisée des considérations scientifiques sur les indicateurs alternatifs (Sen et Stiglitz (2009), Perret (2002) et Viveret (2002)) et des enjeux associés à l'enrichissement de l'observation locale face aux limites des indicateurs existants. Cette communication propose d'analyser l'expérience Indicateurs de Bien Étre Soutenable Territorialisées pour apporter une contribution à l'analyse des leviers et barrières à l'institutionnalisation des indicateurs alternatifs. Différentes questions sont soulevées : comment approcher cet objet "bien-être" par essence multidimensionnel (Sen, 2000) et transdisciplinaire ? Comment rendre compte des territoires et de la localité (Desrosières, 1994) et en même temps, disposer d'indicateurs qui ont un sens dans la perspective de comparaisons nationales voire internationales ? Comment passer de la convention à la mesure pour permettre la transformation de catégories de connaissance en catégories d'action publique et collective ?</text>
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                <text>81e du Congrès de l'Acfas "Savoirs sans frontières", Unesco, Université de Laval</text>
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                <text>Patrimoine et vulnérabilités sont liés de manière complexe. Nous commençons par montrer comment la vulnérabilité peut enclencher la patrimonialisation et inversement. Les facteurs de vulnérabilités sont ensuite analysés dans leurs différentes dimensions. Le contexte de grande pauvreté des villes africaines amène les populations à privilégier des stratégies de survie. A une époque où le patrimoine est un outil de développement économique, la question patrimoniale est devenue un enjeu majeur et parfois source de conflits. La résilience apparaît comme un élément modérateur des vulnérabilités. L'article s'appuie sur l'expérience des villes africaines du patrimoine mondial avec des exemples sélectionnés au Mali et en Ethiopie.</text>
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                <text>Vulnérabilités et patrimonialisations dans les villes africaines : de la préservation à la marginalisation</text>
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                <text>Ouallet, Anne</text>
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                <text>La question des temporalités est ici interrogée dans des espaces urbains africains sollicités par des mises en patrimoine. Des exemples localisés, pris au Mali et en Ethiopie, permettent de croiser les différentes dimensions des expressions patrimoniales avec celles du temps, temps long de l’histoire, celui plus court de la gestion urbaine ou encore celui des actions quotidiennes. L’articulation des échelles géographiques et les potentialités économiques font également émerger des temporalités propres qui se rencontrent dans le local. La globalisation du monde, souvent accompagnée d’une accélération, vient rencontrer et parfois heurter les pas de temps locaux. Nous observons d’abord les temporalités des constructions urbaines, puis la délicate articulation entre temporalités sacrées, temporalités économiques et temporalités sociales. Enfin nous confrontons les temps courts de l’action et les temps longs utilisés pour la valorisation d’un patrimoine désormais rentré dans une logique marchande.  </text>
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                <text>The issue of time scales is considered in African urban spaces concerned with heritage. Examples are taken in Mali and in Ethiopia. Our first observations deal with urban development time scales, then we tackle the tricky link between different time scales: sacred, economical and social. Finally, we compare the shorter time of action to the longer one used to give value to heritage included henceforth in the market. </text>
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                <text>Patrimoine et temporalités dans les villes africaines du patrimoine mondial : exemples maliens et éthiopiens</text>
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                <text>2011</text>
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                <text>Est-il juste de dire que l'architecte est à même de faire une ambiance? N'est-ce pas, dans une certaine mesure, un abus de langage? Quelles acceptions donner à l'expression " faire une ambiance "? Pour développer ce questionnement, objet de cet article, nous devons confronter dans une même réflexion la notion théorique d'ambiance aux pratiques de conception en architecture.</text>
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                <text>Creating an atmosphere|Faire une ambiance</text>
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                <text>1st International Congress on Ambiances, Grenoble 2008</text>
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                <text>Cet article vise à évaluer non seulement la demande de bois-énergie de la ville de Ouagadougou, l’impact de cette demande sur le patrimoine forestier de l’aire d’approvisionnement de cette ville, mais aussi l’esquisse d’une évaluation des échecs des politiques de prix du bois-énergie. Les méthodes d’évaluation de la consommation de cette source d’énergie sont passées en revue au regard des conditions d’offre de la ressource et des données existantes sur la demande de cette ressource. Les données sur les inventaires forestiers de l’aire d’approvisionnement de Ouagadougou en bois-énergie, ainsi que des enquêtes sur les ménages et les artisans ont permis d’estimer la consommation de Ouagadougou en bois-énergie et son impact sur l’épuisement des ressources forestières du pays. </text>
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                <text>À partir d’une étude qualitative, réalisée auprès de la population carcérale dans trois maisons d’arrêt de France, nous proposons une présentation centrée sur les interactions détenus/surveillants. C’est en analysant les relations basées sur la gestion de l’espace carcéral entre ces deux groupes qu’apparaît une inégale temporalité. L’ « organisation » est proposée comme un modèle de réactivité, où le personnel de surveillance s’adapte à chaque instant à la demande des reclus. Néanmoins, nous avons souvent entendu ces derniers se plaindre du lent processus qui permet de passer de la sollicitation à la concrétisation d’une requête (changement de cellule, prise de rendez-vous chez le médecin, parloir...). Quant aux surveillants, ils ont une injonction à exécuter rapidement leurs tâches. Le surveillant, homme libre dans un espace fermé et réglementé cohabite avec le détenu, homme dépourvu de liberté : les rythmes paraissent inconciliables. Comment, dans un contexte de surpopulation latente et d’inégale temporalité, les surveillants traitent-ils les demandes des détenus ? Notre article a l’ambition de décrire ce contexte temporel complexe et d’apporter des éléments de compréhension.  </text>
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                <text>This article describes the complex temporal context of interactions between correctional officers (COs) and prisoners. Based on qualitative fieldwork within three French prisons, the results show an inequality of temporality between both groups in everyday life. The prison organization is seen as a model of reactivity, with COs reacting and adapting constantly to prisoners’ demands. Inmates often complain about the amount of time it takes to get a response to their request (e.g. cell change, appointment with a doctor, visiting room, etc.). Although COs are required to fulfil theirs tasks promptly. How do these two groups with different temporality live with each other? How COs deal with prisoners’ demands in a context of overpopulated prisons? These are some of the issues raised in this article that lead to a better understanding of life in prison. </text>
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                <text>interactions COs/inmates</text>
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                <text>L’espace-temps carcéral : vers une gestion temporelle des demandes des reclus</text>
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                <text>Ozdirlik, Burcu</text>
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                <text>Ce travail examine le rôle joué par les acteurs économiques dans la régulation du développement urbain, une compétence qui est attribuée aux acteurs publics. Il analyse, pour ce faire, les relations que les acteurs de l'industrie immobilière entretiennent avec d'autres acteurs économiques, des acteurs publics et des acteurs issus de la société civile. Ces relations sont à l'origine des mécanismes et des normes qui s'articulent à des règles et des contraintes d'ordre juridique, technique et socio-économique et constituent un cadre d'action au croisement de différentes logiques de régulation, technique, politique, économique et sociale (Reynaud 1989, Crozier 1991). Ce cadre organise l'action de divers acteurs qui interviennent dans le processus de production urbaine. Le développement du nouveau centre d'affaires d'Istanbul permet d'identifier et d'étudier ces différentes logiques. Il permet en même temps de nuancer l'importance accordée aux systèmes de planification pour la régulation du développement urbain et de réfléchir sur les dispositifs alternatifs de la régulation.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00519380</text>
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                <text>[SHS:SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science</text>
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                <text>Au croisement de différentes logiques de régulation : le développement du nouveau centre d'affaires d'Istanbul</text>
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                  <text>Métropoles se veut le carrefour des travaux scientifiques issus de la plupart des disciplines en sciences sociales qui s’intéressent au fait urbain et métropolitain. Cette revue thématique souhaite présenter à la communauté académique internationale les travaux les plus significatifs et originaux issus soit des disciplines s’intéressant traditionnellement à la ville comme la géographie, la sociologie, la science politique ou l’économie, soit des disciplines qui interrogent le fait urbain depuis moins longtemps comme l’histoire  et le droit. Elle accueille les travaux produits au croisement des disciplines comme ceux de l’urbanisme, de l’aménagement ou du « planning ». Elle publie des articles en français et en anglais.</text>
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                <text>Ozel, Derya</text>
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                <text>Le « Mumbai Urban Transport Project » (MUTP) est le premier grand projet d’infrastructures urbaines à Mumbai qui s’accompagne d’une politique de relogement et de réhabilitation. En effet, ce projet de transport, largement financé par la Banque mondiale, nécessite la démolition de bidonvilles dans la banlieue de cette grande métropole et le déplacement des habitants. La Banque mondiale impose un certain nombre de conditionnalités au gouvernement du Maharashtra dans la mise en œuvre du programme de relogement : le cahier des charges doit respecter la politique de « déplacement involontaire » du bailleur international et des ONG doivent s’inscrire dans le cadre institutionnel et opérationnel du programme. Ces nouveaux partenaires dans la gouvernance urbaine doivent relever autant de défis de gestion, coordination et suivi dans les opérations de relogement que de responsabilités envers les familles affectées par le projet MUTP. L’accession à la propriété est considérée par la Banque mondiale et les autorités publiques comme une alternative inédite de réinsertion des familles et un moyen de minimiser les conséquences et les risques d’appauvrissement liés aux mobilités contraintes. Pour aborder la question du relogement, cet article met en avant une approche qualitative visant à comprendre le rôle ambigu des ONG et la diversité des logiques et des stratégies d’adaptation ou de résistance des familles par rapport à l’option de relogement. Il apparaît au final que les ONG se préoccupent davantage de répondre aux exigences de la Banque mondiale que d’accompagner les familles dans une transition vers une nouvelle forme d’habitat et d’un nouveau cadre de vie. </text>
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                <text>The "Mumbai Urban Transport Project" (MUTP) is the first large-scale urban infrastructure project in Mumbai to be accompanied by a resettlement and rehabilitation policy. Indeed, this transport project, which is largely financed by the World Bank, requires the demolition of slums located on the outskirts of this large metropolis and the displacement of its inhabitants. The World Bank has imposed a number of conditionalities on the Government of Maharashtra in the implementation of the resettlement program: the specification must comply with the "involuntary displacement" policy of the international lender and NGOs must be part of the institutional and operational framework of the program. These new partners in urban governance face many challenges in management, coordination and monitoring in the operations of resettlement as well as responsibilities towards the families affected by the MUTP project. Home ownership is considered by the World Bank and authorities in Mumbai as a new option for the rehabilitation of families and a tool to minimize the consequences and risks of impoverishment due to involuntary displacement. To address the issue of resettlement, this article highlights a qualitative approach that seeks to understand the ambiguous role of NGOs and the diversity of logics and strategies of adaptation or resistance of the families towards the option of resettlement. It appears that NGOs are more concerned with meeting the requirements of the World Bank than helping families to make the transition towards new forms of housing and a new living environment.  </text>
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                <text>collective action</text>
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                <text>World Bank policy</text>
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                <text>action collective</text>
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                <text>bidonville</text>
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                <text>Mumbai</text>
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                <text>politique de la Banque Mondiale</text>
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                <text>relogement</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Les ONG contre les habitants. La gestion du relogement et de la réinsertion des populations des bidonvilles à Mumbai</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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                <text>Haidu, Rachel. Advisor</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Özkan, Derya</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2008</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194752">
                <text>This dissertation is an interdisciplinary investigation of the indeterminate political role played by the inhabitants’ spatial practices of misuse in the social production of urban space in contemporary Istanbul. My argument is that both established and emerging hegemonic representations of the city of Istanbul presume a normative definition of the capitalist production of urban space based only on the use and exchange values of space; and they fail to consider what I propose to call “the misuse value of space.” I define the misuse value of space as a potential value that is activated by the spatial practices of misusers. Considering the ways in which the normative definition of the production of space in Istanbul is complicated by the inhabitants of the city through their spatial practices of misuse, I find that the inhabitants are not merely passive consumers of the spaces of the metropolis but they have an active and constitutive role in molding the shape of urban social space. This entails a discussion on spatial authorship, which is normatively supposed to belong to the authorities including urban designers, real estate developers and the state. To show how the spatial practices of misusers are also implicated in the production of space in Istanbul, I turn to a set of vignettes, which I call ethnographies of spatial authorship. Finally, I focus on the art collective Oda Projesi and their public artworks which take inspiration from actual misuses in Istanbul. I explore the ways in which the public art of Oda Projesi rely on an activation of the misuse value of space. My dissertation closes with a demonstration of how Oda Projesi demonstrates the political possibilities that generate from this activation.</text>
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                <text>http://hdl.handle.net/1802/6201</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/1083</text>
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                <text>University of Rochester</text>
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                <text>misuse value of space, politics of space, urban space, Istanbul, spatial practices, Oda Projesi, Cool Istanbul, crude urbanization, spatial authorship</text>
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                <text>The misuse value of space: Spatial practices and the production of space in Istanbul</text>
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