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                <text>Helms, Gesa. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>Virdee, Satnam. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>Paton, Kirsteen</text>
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                <text>This thesis explores the relationship between urban restructuring and working-class communities in the context of post-industrial neoliberalism. While working-class communities were the bedrock of classical sociological analysis in the industrial period, it is thought that class no longer provides a meaningful social identity and increasing individualisation is often said to signify that agency is set free from the confines of structure. In this thesis, I attempt to, first, confront these assertions by reasserting the relationship between urban restructuring working-class communities and, second, represent contemporary working-class lives, through an ethnographic case study of gentrification in working-class neighbourhood, Partick in Glasgow. Substantively, in this thesis I take gentrification as a key process of class restructuring which is spatially articulated and is the leading edge of urban policy both in the UK and globally. While gentrification intimates that urban restructuring and working-class communities are inextricably connected, this relationship is not always fully explicated within research; orthodox definitions separate economic and cultural fields and working-class experiences are underrepresented. Thus theoretically, in this thesis, I attempt to attend to these shortcomings by using hegemony as framework. Hegemony refers to a form of rule relevant to how transformations in social relations are managed whilst the capitalist system is maintained overall. This involves a mix of consent and coercion which combine structural and agential processes, highlighting the reciprocal relationship between material and the phenomenological levels. Within this, gentrification is conceived as a political strategy, which not only seeks to create space for the more affluent user; it seeks to, consensually, create the more affluent user which, in the context of neoliberalism, relates to a moral and financial economy. This new sociological perspective on gentrification combines cultural and material understandings, whilst making working-class communities and their everyday lives the centre point of analysis. This focus is imperative since working-class people and places are the principal targets of policy-led gentrification, yet current representations of and conceptual language used to describe working-class lives have waned within mainstream sociology. I examine how working-class residents receive, negotiate and resist gentrification processes to reveal the ‘hidden injuries’ as well as the ‘hidden rewards’ of urban restructuring. This study aims to do this by collecting ‘locational narratives’ of 49 residents of Partick. These accounts revealed that respondents’ rejection of traditional class identity did not signify the end of class, rather, it demonstrated that there was a material rationale underpinning individualisation and their disassociation with class, which relate to neoliberal ideologies that decontextualise class and promote self-determination. Residents’ place-based attachment is revealed to be a crucial class signifier – on both phenomenological and material levels. Elective fixity describes the choice and control residents’ have over their ability to stay fixed within their neighbourhood. Respondents are shown to have a paradoxical relationship with gentrification whereby they are invited to participate in processes as consumer citizens, through homeownership or consuming privatised neighbourhoods services, yet are not provided with the means to consume. Residents’ experiences of gentrification are characterised by tensions around control and choice and lack thereof. While gentrification brought new rewards whereby working-class respondents could, provided they had the means, act as gentrifiers, they were also confronted with novel forms of displacement, identified as new typologies which relate to the increased privatisation of social housing. Thus, an emergent negotiated culture of contemporary working-class communities is revealed which is set within the confines of structure within a post-industrial neoliberal context. Using a framework of hegemony to understand the political project of gentrification reveals the reciprocal relationship between urban restructuring and the remaking of the working-class subject. </text>
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                <text>working-class lives, community, urban change, gentrification, hegemony, neoliberalism</text>
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                <text>The hidden injuries and hidden rewards of urban restructuring on working-class communities: A case study of gentrification in Partick, Glasgow</text>
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                <text>TIERS MONDE</text>
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                <text>Marguerat Yves, Patriat L. (interviewer) Urbanisation du Tiers-Monde : entretien avec Yves Marguerat par Lucas Patriat. Ingénieurs sans Frontières, 1994, p. 17-19. </text>
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                <text>Urbanisation du Tiers-Monde : entretien avec Yves Marguerat par Lucas Patriat</text>
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                <text>A New Development in Taiwan : Full Employment and Immigration. 

Because of the effects of dramatic changes in the economy combined with a demographic transition about to achieve, in Taiwan, the job market has began relevant changes, the effects of which, still widely unknown, start however to arouse problems in every fields. 
Full employment together with one of the World's lowest unemployment rates have confronted the Taiwanese economy with one of the worst lacks in available manpower, causing rocketing costs which threaten to slow down further expansion. Despite an apparent overpopulation of the island, the government is compelled to commit himself reluctantly in a strictly and controversial programme of selective resort to migrant workers. 

The economic pressure, however, is such important that illegal immigration - principally from the Chinese mainland - is booming, much to the government's annoyance.</text>
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                <text>Sous l'effet conjugué d'une transformation spectaculaire de l'économie et d'une transition démographique en voie d'achèvement, le marché de l'emploi a amorcé à Taiwan une mutation dont les effets encore largement méconnus commencent pourtant à soulever des problèmes dans tous les domaines. Le plein emploi allant de pair avec l'un des taux de chômage parmi les plus faibles du monde, l'économie taiwanaise doit aujourd'hui faire face à une grave pénurie de main-d'oeuvre, ce qui entraîne une hausse importante des rémunérations et gêne la poursuite de la croissance. En dépit d'un apparent surpeuplement de l'île, le gouvernement se voit contraint à s'engager à contrecoeur dans un programme strictement contrôlé et controversé de recours sélectif à des travailleurs étrangers. La pression économique est cependant telle que se développe également une immigration illégale, en particulier de Chinois du continent, au grand dam des autorités.</text>
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                <text>Cosaert Patrice. Une nouvelle donne à Taiwan: plein emploi et immigration.. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1995-2. Les populations d'Asie orientale. pp. 191-202.</text>
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                <text>Taiwan ; Job Market ; Foreign Manpower ; International Migrations</text>
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                <text>Une nouvelle donne à Taiwan: plein emploi et immigration.</text>
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                <text>Mes déchets ? Mettez-les chez le voisin !</text>
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                <text>déchets, nimby, environnement, développement durable</text>
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                <text>Un Café Géographique organisée par l'association Confluence et l'Université Populaire de Tours le 16 décembre 2008.&#13;
&#13;
Les déchets sont aujourd’hui un véritable problème, alors qu’ils sont de plus en plus nombreux, trouver de nouveaux lieux d’accueil pour le traitement est devenue une tâche difficile.&#13;
&#13;
Quelle solution peut-on apporter face au phénomène "Nimby", qui consiste à reconnaitre l’intérêt général d’un projet sans en assumer les implications concrètes ?</text>
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                <text>Patrice Melé</text>
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&#13;
Sommaire :&#13;
- Interpréter les conflits de proximité&#13;
- Étudier des situations d’action&#13;
- Conclusions&#13;
&#13;
Patrice Melé, géographe et professeur des universités, est directeur de l’UMR CITERES, CNRS, université François-Rabelais, Tours. Ses travaux récents au sein de l’équipe Construction politique et sociale des territoires portent sur les mutations des rapports à l’espace sous l’effet de la diffusion du patrimoine et de l’environnement comme valeurs et cadres pour l’action publique.&#13;
&#13;
Les auteurs : Antonio Azuela, Hélène Bertheleu, Geneviève Cloutier, Claudia Cirelli, Emilio Duhau, Annick Germain, Patrice Melé, Angela Giglia, Laurence Rocher et José Serrano.</text>
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&#13;
Sommaire :&#13;
&#13;
Céline Bellot et Patricia Loncle, Présentation : l’accompagnement des jeunes en difficulté&#13;
 	&#13;
Partie 1 – Accompagnement socioscolaire et socioprofessionnel vers l’emploi des jeunes  &#13;
 		&#13;
&#13;
Jean-Michel Bonvin, Maël Dif-Pradalier et Emilie Rosenstein, Politiques d’activation des jeunes et modalités d’accompagnement. Le cas du programme FORJAD en Suisse&#13;
&#13;
Léa Lima et Christophe Trombert, L’assistance-chômage des jeunes sous condition d’accompagnement. De quelques mécanismes du non-recours par éviction&#13;
&#13;
Johanne Cauvier et Danielle Desmarais, L’accompagnement éducatif des jeunes en processus de raccrochage scolaire à l’éducation des adultes : entre contrôle, service et relation&#13;
&#13;
Annalisa Lendaro et Martin Goyette, Vous avez dit « continuité des services » ? Les professionnels de l’employabilité face aux catégories de l’immigration et de la jeunesse&#13;
&#13;
France Picard, Pierre Canisius Kamanzi et Julie Labrosse, Difficultés de transition au collégial : des politiques éducatives aux parcours des jeunes &#13;
 	&#13;
Partie 2 – Accompagnement socioculturel et sociopolitique dans les quartiers  &#13;
 		&#13;
Éric Marlière, Les recompositions culturelles des « jeunes de cité » à l’épreuve des déterminismes sociaux et des effets du chômage, de la discrimination et de la ségrégation urbaine&#13;
&#13;
Valérie Becquet, « Jeunes des quartiers difficiles » en service civique : du ciblage politique d’un public aux usages juvéniles&#13;
&#13;
Stéphane Bonnéry et Fanny Renard, Des pratiques culturelles contre l’échec et le décrochage scolaires. Sociologie d’un détour&#13;
&#13;
Partie 3 – Accompagnement socioclinique des jeunes de la rue ou en institution  &#13;
 		&#13;
Virginie Muniglia et Céline Rothé, Parcours de jeunes en grande difficulté : à l’interaction des logiques d’intervention professionnelles et des usages juvéniles de l’aide sociale&#13;
&#13;
Annamaria Colombo, Défis et conditions de l’accompagnement de la sortie de la rue&#13;
&#13;
Annie Fontaine, Le travail de rue : accompagner les jeunes au fil de leurs aléas existentiels et quotidiens&#13;
&#13;
Sue-Ann MacDonald, Les expériences méconnues des jeunes itinérants « à risque » : vivre et survivre&#13;
&#13;
Hugo Dupont, Des difficultés scolaires et familiales à la prise en charge totale : le cas des jeunes orientés en Institut thérapeutique, éducatif et pédagogique</text>
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&#13;
Ces volumes, adoptant une perspective pluridisciplinaire et comparative dans une visée de long terme, combinent études de cas, analyses conceptuelles et réflexions plus théoriques. Et les réponses à ce questionnaire, issu d'une réflexion sur une histoire culturelle poursuivie sur plus de cinq siècles, remettent en cause une histoire de l'Occident latin où l'on opposerait Église et État : la mutation culturelle engendrée par la réforme grégorienne qui, tout en assurant d'abord le triomphe de la papauté, a donné à l'État moderne les moyens d'assurer sa propre légitimité en créant les conditions d'une révolution du système de communication. Elle engendre un partage du pouvoir symbolique et des processus de légitimation avec l'État : la capacité de ce dernier à se légitimer par le consentement de la société politique en dehors de la contingence religieuse est une spécificité de l'Occident latin, clé de l'essor des États modernes européens.</text>
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&#13;
Le colloque "Petites ville en montagne, de l’Antiquité au XXe siècle. Europe occidentale et centrale" s’inscrit à la confluence de deux évolutions historiographiques : celle qui, en matière d’histoire urbaine, a conduit les historiens à s’intéresser, sous un angle résolument problématique et conceptuel, aux villes moyennes et petites et même aux plus modestes unités urbaines, formant la strate inférieure du maillage, et à poser d’une autre manière les problématiques des rapports ville-campagne et des rapports entre petites villes et organismes urbains de premier rang. L’autre évolution majeure est la prise en compte – contrecoup sur nos disciplines de la prise de conscience environnementale – du caractère interactif des rapports homme-milieu, ici le milieu des moyennes montagnes (à partir de 600 m) ouest- et centre-européennes, milieu particulier, à bien des égards, au regard du développement des "lieux centraux" et de la strate des villes moyennes et petites.</text>
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                <text>Extract from the preface: &amp;nbsp; From opening chapter to concluding summary it will be plain that this book is neither a technical treatise for the town-planner or city councillor, nor a manual of civics for the sociologist or teacher, but is of frankly introductory character. Yet it is not solely an attempt at the popularisation of the reviving art of town planning, of the renewing science of civics, to the general reader. What it seeks is to express in various ways the essential harmony of all these interests and aims; and to emphasise the possibilities of readier touch and fuller co-operation among them.  All this is no mere general ethical or economic appeal, but an attempt to show, with concrete arguments and local instances, that these too long separated aspects of our conduct of life and of affairs may be reunited in constructive citizenship.  Despite our contemporary difficulties industrial, social, and political, there are available around us the elements of a civic uplift, and with this, of general advance to a higher plane of industrial civilisation. &amp;nbsp; Patrick Geddes was a Scottish biologist and urban thinker. His two chief works in the field of urban studies are 'City development' (1904) and 'Cities in evolution' (1915) &amp;nbsp; NB : This work is available from the Internet Archive in multiple formats : online, PDF, EPUB, Kindle, Daisy, Full Text, and DjVu. We recommend the PDF format (45 MB), both for ease of reading and because it has been scanned using OCR, which allows searches of the full text.   &amp;nbsp; </text>
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                <text>Cette conférence a été donnée dans le cadre du séminaire pluridisciplinaire "Villes" de la MRSH intitulé pour l'année 2013-2014 Villes et catastrophes.&#13;
&#13;
Patrick Pigeon est professeur de géographie à l'Université de Savoie et membre du laboratoire de recherche Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM - UMR 5204).&#13;
&#13;
Résumé de la communication :&#13;
&#13;
La tendance mondiale et séculaire concernant les désastre est à la fois ambiguë et paradoxale : le nombre des désastres a augmenté (définition du désastre = au moins 10 morts et/ou 100 sinistrés plus recours à une aide extérieure pour la collectivité concernée localement) ainsi que les dommages matériels causés par ces épisodes. En revanche, le nombre des victimes a fortement diminué depuis un siècle. L'auteur part de cette constatation pour démontrer que l'urbanisation joue un effet paradoxal sur les catastrophes. En renforçant les protections, les autorités urbaines accélèrent elles-mêmes le rythme de l'urbanisation... qui prépare le désastre suivant en même temps qu'il rend son occurrence de moins en moins probable. Plus que la notion de risque, Patrick Pigeon se réfère à la pensée complexe et à la théorie des jeux pour assurer la solidité de ses recherches empiriques effectuées ur des terrains français (vallée de l'Arve) ou étrangers (La Paz, Djogdjakarta). </text>
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                <text>Immigration areas: areas of arrival or areas of settlement? the case of Belleville. 

Immigrant community structures have been mainly associated with the early phase of immigrant settlement. According to this model, such structures disappear in the course of the «acculturation» process. In this article, we argue that these structures exist during a different phase in immigrant settlement and that they are a response to needs that extend beyond the phase of pure «adaptation» to the host society. We attempt to support this argument through the analysis of residential stability of foreign immigrants, used as an indicator of a settling process.</text>
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                <text>On rattache généralement le développement de structures communautaires issues de l'immigration à la phase d'installation des courants migratoires. Dans cette optique, elles sont appelées à disparaître au cours du processus d'acculturation. La thèse de l'article est que ces structures se situent à une autre phase de l'installation des immigrés et qu'elles répondent à des besoins à plus long terme que la seule adaptation à la société d'accueil. Cette dimension est mise en évidence à partir de la sédentarisation des étrangers, conçue comme l'indication d'un enracinement.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="380233">
                <text>Simon Patrick. Les quartiers d'immigration : « ports de première entrée» ou espaces de sédentarisation ? L'exemple de Belleville. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1993-2. La population française dans son espace - The French population within its own space. pp. 379-387.</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Space appropriation ; Local study (Belleville). ; Immigration</text>
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                <text>Immigration ; Quartier de Belleville. ; Appropriation de l'Espace</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Les quartiers d'immigration : « ports de première entrée» ou espaces de sédentarisation ? L'exemple de Belleville</text>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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        <elementContainer>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>305-314</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="383734">
                <text>Patrick Simon</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1996</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>quie, en Asie du Sud-Est et en Afrique noire subsaharienne). </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="383737">
                <text>Through the development of factorial ecology, the application of multidimensional analysis to studies of the socio-demographic composition of urban areas has improved our understanding of the residential context of life. Further this progress permits a renewed analysis of immigrant settlements. This paper presents a typology describing the residential context of life in which various immigrant groups find themselves. The research is based on the MGIS survey of immigrants born in Algeria, Morocco, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, southeast Asia and subsaharian Africa.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="383738">
                <text>Simon Patrick. Espace de vie des immigrés en France : une typologie. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1996-2-3. Immigrés et enfants d'immigrés. pp. 305-314.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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              <elementText elementTextId="383739">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1996_num_14_2_1755</text>
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                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1996.1755</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="383741">
                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="383742">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="383743">
                <text>Immigration ; Urban Space ; Factorial Ecology</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="383744">
                <text>Immigration ; Espace urbain ; Ecologie factorielle</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Espace de vie des immigrés en France : une typologie</text>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644254">
                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>HAL</text>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="530510">
                <text>Paty, Michel</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2003</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="530512">
                <text>Je dédie les pages qui suivent à Roberto A. Salmeron, en hommage de profonde estime, d'amitié et d'affection. C'est grâce à son invitation à le rejoindre à Brasília pour travailler, en 1965, à la construction de l'Université, juste après la soutenance à Paris de ma thèse de doctorat ès-sciences physiques préparée au CERN, à Genève, que s'est réalisé mon vif désir de connaître le Brésil, et de me plonger dans sa réalité, dans sa nature comme dans sa civilisation.</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="530513">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00170520</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="530514">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/17/05/20/PDF/Paty_M_2003d-CampEtSieg_F78F.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="530515">
                <text>FRE</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="530516">
                <text>Roberto Salmeron Festschrift ; A Master and a Friend,</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="530517">
                <text>[SHS:HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="530518">
                <text>Brasilia</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="530519">
                <text>Brésil</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="530520">
                <text>Blaise Cendrars</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="530521">
                <text>Cinema nôvo</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="530522">
                <text>Roberto Salmeron</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="530523">
                <text>Campus sitiado. Le campus en état de siège</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="530524">
                <text>scientific book chapter</text>
              </elementText>
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  <item itemId="22940" public="1" featured="0">
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644244">
                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644246">
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="384716">
                <text>211-225</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="384717">
                <text>Paul Archambault</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1998</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="384719">
                <text>L'enquête «jeune» complémentaire à l'enquête «emploi» de l'INSEE (1992) permet une évaluation de l'impact des structures familiales sur le niveau scolaire atteint par les enfants. A origine sociale et héritage scolaire donnés, la désunion du couple parental est associée à une moindre réussite scolaire des enfants. Les incidences sur la scolarité sont les plus apparentes dans les différences d'obtention de diplôme conforme au «niveau type» du milieu social et au capital scolaire transmis. Toutes les catégories sociales sont concernées et la durée moyenne des études est très souvent raccourcie en cas de dissociation des couples parentaux. Lorsqu'il y a recomposition familiale, le parcours scolaire jusqu'au baccalauréat semble cependant moins affecté par la séparation des parents biologiques.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="384720">
                <text>Difficulties of children from separated families to achieve school 

Data from a French study conducted by the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies «INSEE» (1992) show how children's school achievement can be linked to family structure. Whatever the socio-economic status and related school heritage, parental separation is negatively correlated with school results, leading to a level of diploma lower than the standard within each socio-economic category. All categories are experiencing these parental separation effects, with shortening of the average length of scholarship. Whenever a step-family has been reconstructed, the child's secondary course of study, up to the final exam (French baccalauréat), seems to be less affected.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="384721">
                <text>Archambault Paul. Les difficultés d'accès au diplôme des enfants de familles dissociées. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1998-2. Les jeunes - The young People. pp. 211-225.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="384722">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1998_num_16_2_1836</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="384723">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1998.1836</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Language</name>
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                <text>Youth ; Stepfamilies ; Single-Parent Families ; Family Structure ; School Achievement</text>
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                <text>Réussite scolaire ; Familles recomposées ; Familles monoparentales ; Structures familiales ; Jeunesse</text>
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                <text>Les difficultés d'accès au diplôme des enfants de familles dissociées</text>
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        <elementContainer>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>573-576</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375181">
                <text>Paul Boyer</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1987</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375183">
                <text>Boyer Paul. Informations scientifiques. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1987-3. Populations et élections - Populations and elections. pp. 573-576.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375184">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1987_num_5_3_1237</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375185">
                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375186">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Informations scientifiques</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375188">
                <text>autre</text>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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                  <text>PERSEE</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>201-214</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Paul Gans</text>
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                <text>Jürgen Bähr</text>
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                <text>1985</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Les différences entre les migrations des allemands et des étrangers dans des villes choisies en République Fédérale Allemande. 
L'article montre les différences entre les migrations des Allemands et des étrangers dans les villes choisies (Ludwigshafen, Kiel) et essaye de les expliquer par la situation du marché du logement et par les structures urbaines. Les résultats peuvent être résumés ainsi :
— Les étrangers déménagent plus souvent que les Allemands. 
— Les bilans migratoires et aussi les différences entre arrivée et départ montrent que les Allemands changent de résidence pour améliorer leurs conditions d'habitat et les étrangers pour s'adapter au marché du travail. 
— La distribution régionale des bilans migratoires est déterminée pour la population Allemande par la construction des résidences nouvelles, par la qualité de l'habitat et par la situation sociale. Ceci n'est pas constatable pour les étrangers avec une telle ampleur. 
— Les changements de domicile dans les villes montrent une direction du centre vers la banlieue pour les Allemands tandis qu'aucune direction nette n'apparaît pour les étrangers. 
— L'éloignement moyen entre l'ancien domicile et le nouveau est plus important chez les Allemands. 
— Les étrangers déménagent principalement tout en restant dans le même quartier, dont les frontières sont moins perméables aux étrangers qu'aux Allemands ; ceci s'explique par l'importance du rôle que jouent les relations dans la recherche d'un nouveau logement et par les limitations de l'accès au marché, surtout s'il s'agit de constructions nouvelles.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="376936">
                <text>Bähr Jürgen, Gans Paul. Differences in migration behaviour of Germans and Foreigners in selected cities of the federal republic of Germany. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1985-1. Migrations et urbanisation - Migrations and cities. pp. 201-214.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="376937">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1985_num_3_1_1029</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="376938">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1985.1029</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="376939">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="376940">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="376941">
                <text>International Migration ; Housing ; Intra-Urban Residential Migration ; Longitudinal Analysis ; Path Analysis ; Germany. ; Social Structures</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="376942">
                <text>Logement ; Corrélations Partielles ; Analyse longitudinale ; Migrations résidentielles intra-urbaines ; Migrations Internationales ; Structures Sociales ; Allemagne.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="376943">
                <text>Differences in migration behaviour of Germans and Foreigners in selected cities of the federal republic of Germany</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>article</text>
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644244">
                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644246">
                  <text>PERSEE</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="379767">
                <text>293-307</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="379768">
                <text>Paul Gans</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="379769">
                <text>1991</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="379770">
                <text>Les changements de la population dans les zones suburbaines de la République Fédérale Allemande, en particulier autour de Hambourg (1970-1987). 

L'analyse de l'évolution de la population à l'échelle des kreis entre 1970 et 1987 démontre de façon péremptoire que la suburbanisation a influencé les changements spatiaux de la population. Les centres-villes des aires métropolitaines ont enregistré les plus fortes pertes de population, alors que, dans certains cas, les districts voisins enregistraient des gains de plus de 50 %. Ces mutations liées à la migration intrarégionale ont perdu de leur dynamisme au cours des années 80, spécialement dans les zones métropolitaines possédant des structures économiques défavorables. Cet article montre, à l'échelle des kreis, que, dans la République Fédérale d'Allemagne, et en particulier à travers l'exemple de la zone métropolitaine de Hambourg, le processus de suburbanisation a continué de s'étendre et a donc influencé des communes plus éloignées du centre-ville. Ce fait a entraîné une ségrégation spatiale progressive des caractéristiques démographiques et sociales à l'intérieur des agglomérations.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="379771">
                <text>The population development at the county level between 1970 and 1987 demonstrates convincingly the influence of suburbanization on spatial population shifts. The central cities in the metropolitan areas had the greatest population losses, whereas the counties in their environs registered gains of almost 50 % in some cases. These population changes originating in intraregional migration lose their dynamism in the 1980s, particularly in metropolitan areas with unfavorable economic structures. 
This paper shows at the county level for the Federal republic of Germany as a whole and especially for the example of the metropolitan area of Hamburg that the suburbanization process continued to spread and thus affected communes lying farther from the central cities and that it caused progressive spatial segregation within the agglomerations according to demographic and social characteristics.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="379772">
                <text>Gans Paul. Population change in the suburbanized areas of the Federal Republic of Germany with special reference to Hamburg (1970-1987) . In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1991-2. Les franges périurbaines Peri-urban fringes. pp. 293-307.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="379773">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1991_num_9_2_1470</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="379774">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1991.1470</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="379775">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="379776">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="379777">
                <text>suburbanization ; metropolitan area of Hamburg. ; interregional and intraregional migration ; population development ; Federal Republic of Germany</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="379778">
                <text>République Fédérale d'Allemagne ; évolution de la population ; suburbanisation ; migration interrégionale et intrarégionale ; zone métropolitaine de Hambourg.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="379779">
                <text>Population change in the suburbanized areas of the Federal Republic of Germany with special reference to Hamburg (1970-1987) </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="379780">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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        <authentication>c916d05b1ffccc41d5ed075638b23adb</authentication>
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            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
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                    <text>8</text>
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              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
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                    <text>3</text>
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                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
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                    <text>231</text>
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                <name>IPTC Array</name>
                <description/>
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                    <text>a:1:{s:7:"caption";s:47:"�����������������������������������������������";}</text>
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                <name>IPTC String</name>
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                    <text>160</text>
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              </element>
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        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
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        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341856">
                <text>Living downtown: The history of residential hotels in the United States</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341857">
                <text>logement, hotel, hôtel, United States, États-Unis, crise du logement, centre-ville, habitants, urbanité, culture urbaine, histoire urbaine, Groth Paul</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341858">
                <text>Paul Groth </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="341859">
                <text>1994</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Extract from the Preface:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; In Downtown San Francisco, just one block from the Transamerica pyramid, is the large relict basement of the International Hotel. The lot has stood empty since 1977. In the Western Addition, one and a half miles to the west, there stretched until recently a vast tract of bulldozed basements; many of the former buildings had been rooming houses. While I have worked on this book, these two empty sites have haunted me. Before demolition, both had been commercially developed as single-room housing. Yet both sites&amp;mdash;undeveloped land in the middle of a densely built and prosperous city&amp;mdash;seem to have been sown with salt.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; These lots represent important aspects of the American single-room housing crisis: first, the seemingly irrational destruction of millions of private low-rent housing units that are still desperately needed, and second, the near total misunderstanding of life in such places. This book charts the social and cultural history of this residential life and how Americans have arrived at today's hotel housing crisis. For two hundred years, hotels have served a series of domestic roles in urban vernacular environments and subcultures; for at least one hundred years, the keepers of official culture have aimed at eliminating these roles. The hotel housing crisis has resulted from the clash between these two histories.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; My overarching purpose in this work is to expand the notion of &amp;quot;home&amp;quot; in the United States. I have arrived at this goal slowly. When I began, I was a critic of living in hotels. In 1977, when thousands of demonstrators were protesting the evictions and demolition at the International Hotel, I asked, &amp;quot;Why such a fuss? Why would anyone want to live in a hotel?&amp;quot; Then a 1980 study presented this startling fact: half the hotel rooms in San Francisco were residential, and most were in small thirty-room buildings. &amp;quot;Where were all these hotels?&amp;quot; I asked. &amp;quot;Who were they built for?&amp;quot; In answering these questions, the positive potentials of hotel life became apparent. There are major problems in some hotels, but I am now convinced that where hotels are properly managed and maintained, they deserve a place in the range of American housing.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Although this study is chronological, the sections of the book do not follow a single chronological line. In each chapter, the chronology is typically broken and begun again. The outer edges of the years studied are 1800 and 1980, but the greatest historical detail dates from between 1880 and 1930, the period when downtown hotel life was most vigorous. The majority of the remaining residential hotel buildings in the United States date from this period. These fifty years also marked the widest viable range of housing diversity in American urban history.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The methods used in this work depend on the conviction that studying the interweaving of buildings and social groups can provide important historical insights. Explaining the tensions between the vernacular and the official, as well as the social and the architectural, has required close study of the physical fabric of ordinary buildings and streets that are rarely photographed or described by experts. In the absence of systematic social surveys or verbal accounts for all types of hotel life, the buildings themselves (or records of those buildings) have been essential documents, and I have studied them with methods borrowed from quantitative social history. To discover what constituted the architectural average of everyday hotel living required a sample of several hundred buildings randomly selected from city directory listings for San Francisco hotels (more precisely, a 12 percent sample of all businesses listed under the categories of hotels, boardinghouses, rooming houses, lodgings, lodging houses, and rooms for the years 1880, 1910, and 1930). Each sampled hotel was then carefully described using data interpolated from Sanborn insurance maps, city tax records, building permit and inspection records, and water company records (which often recorded plans and plumbing fixture lists). This process provided a fairly reliable answer to what types of buildings and locations were in fact most common (table 1, Appendix). Thus, when I refer to a &amp;quot;typical&amp;quot; building&amp;mdash;particularly between 1880 and 1930&amp;mdash;I can do so with confidence. As with manuscript sources, what is erased often proves to be as culturally telling as what remains. In demolition records (where they survived), the nature of the struggle between the official and the ordinary became most clear.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; This focus on the ordinary locates Living Downtown as an urban example of cultural landscape studies&amp;mdash;where landscape means not scenery or open space but the spatial and cultural relationships between groups of people and their everyday surroundings. As such, this study is also within the overlapping realms of cultural and urban history, architectural history, and human geography. However, the work does not develop a traditional aesthetic history of hotel architecture. Nor does it provide a detailed history of San Francisco or suggest specific policies for the future of hotel living. These aspects have been studied by others cited in the notes. Also, most attention goes not to the elegant palace hotels but to rooming houses and cheap lodging houses, because of their larger populations. Where it is used, the slippery term &amp;quot;center city&amp;quot; refers to the retail and office downtown together with the industrial districts and older residential neighborhoods within reasonable walking radius (one or two miles) from the downtown. I have touched only lightly on hotel labor issues, which are well documented elsewhere, but I place a strong emphasis on employment and property capital as integral aspects of American culture. This study critiques downtown landowners, Progressive Era reformers, architects, and city planning officials, but many of the book's heroes are also from these groups. My targets are not any particular people or profession but narrow thinking and the insidious power of both inadvertent and deliberate ignorance. I hope that Living Downtown will be a point of departure for further study and a step toward preventing more empty sites like those of the International Hotel and the Western Addition.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Paul Groth &lt;/b&gt;is Professor of Geography and Architecture at the University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>The ageing of the French rural population: a demographic geographic and social phenomenon.
The considerable increase in the number on elderly rural people, and especially of the very old, is an alarming indicator for the future of many small rural districts. Paul Paillat takes note of the geographical extension of the phenomenon of depopulation and ageing of the French country-side. He expresses concern for the very aged districts where, socially, the ageing process has become a phenomenon in itself and a problem which requires solutions adapted to regional characteristics.</text>
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                <text>L'augmentation considérable du nombre de ruraux âgés et surtout très âgés est un indicateur inquiétant pour l'avenir de nombreuses petites communes et même de cantons. Paul Paillat constate l'extension géographique des phénomènes de dépeuplement et de vieillissement de la campagne française et s'inquiète des cantons très vieillis où, socialement, le vieillissement est devenu un phénomène en soi et un problème auquel il faut trouver des solutions adaptées aux particularités régionales.</text>
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                <text>Paillat Paul. Le vieillissement de la campagne française : phénomène démographique géographique et social. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1983-1. Objectifs et champs d'étude. pp. 39-44.</text>
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                <text>L'étude du vieillissement local doit faire appel à des mesures spécifiques lorsqu'il s'agit d'unités trop petites pour relever de la macro-démographie. Une autre montre qu'un seul indicateur ne suffit pas à décrire le processus, non plus qu'à pronostiquer sa future évolution. Un essai typologique, faisant appel à plusieurs éléments structurels, pris lors de recensements successifs donne des résultats encourageants, en dépit de la variété des cas. L'étude gagne en précision si elle tient compte, en outre, de la taille de la population examinée, de la distance par rapport aux grands centres équipés, de la nature des unités similaires limitrophes. A ce propos, l'auteur souligne le rôle irremplaçable des cartes.</text>
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In any study of the local population ageing it is necessary to apply specific measurement tools when concerned units are too small for a correct use of macro- demographical analysis. The author explains with examples why a single indicator cannot properly describe the process, not to speak of a prognosis of its future trend. In spite of the variety of cases, encouraging results were provided by a typological attempt involving several population pattern features, corresponding to successive censuses. To these features should be added the size of the population concerned the distance between this unit and the nearest well-equiped town, the character of similar neighbouring units. In his paper, the author underlines frequently the irreplaceable role of maps. </text>
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                <text>Paillat Paul. Le vieillissement des populations locales : étude géo-démographique des cantons et des centres de métropoles. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1986-2. Visages de la population de la France - Faces of french population. pp. 149-156.</text>
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