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  En Suisse, la mobilisation de l'eau en ville semble s'être faite concomitamment comme force motrice pour les ateliers (avant l'invention de l'électricité) et comme alimentation en eau ; la double clientèle a facilité la levée des fonds nécessaires à l'installation puis à la généralisation des réseaux, tout en stimulant, sous l'influence du modèle germanique, une culture de services industriels bien gérés par des municipalités puissantes en régime fédéral. Tout au long du xxe siècle, ces services industriels municipaux multiservices étendront progressivement leurs réseaux (notamment d'approvisionnement en eau potable et de traitement des eaux usées) dans les communes suburbaines et périurbaines, menant souvent à des concentrations sectorielles ou multisectorielles à l'échelle supra-communale. Cette montée en puissance et cette extension des grands services urbains municipaux de l'eau connaîtront une nouvelle étape sous la forme de leur participation au développement, à partir des années 1950, des grands barrages alpins, prolongeant ainsi dans les espaces montagnards les compétences en matière de mobilisation de l'eau comme force motrice acquises au début du xxe siècle dans les villes.
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ESP_139_0039</text>
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                <text>Espaces et sociétés, n 139, 4, 2010-01-11, pp.39-53</text>
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                <text>eau</text>
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                <text>De la naissance des réseaux d'eau à l'hydroélectricité : l'essor du municipalisme en Suisse</text>
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                <text>Pham, Hai-Vu </text>
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                <text> Kirat, Thierry</text>
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RERU_085_0671</text>
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                <text>fre</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Revue d'Économie Régionale &amp; Urbaine, décembre, 5, 2008-12-01, pp.671-700</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>conflit d'usage</text>
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                <text> périurbanisation</text>
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                <text> contentieux</text>
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                <text> Île-de-France</text>
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                <text>land-use conflict</text>
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                <text> periurbanisation</text>
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                <text> Paris region</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Les conflits d'usage des espaces périurbains et le contentieux administratif. Le cas de la région Ile-de-France  </text>
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                <text>54</text>
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                <text>2013</text>
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RERU_131_0203</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Cairn</text>
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                <text>Revue d'Économie Régionale &amp; Urbaine, Février, 1, 2013-02-01, pp.203-229</text>
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                <text>calcul économique</text>
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                <text> conflits</text>
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                <text> Ile-de-France</text>
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                <text> infrastructures</text>
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                <text> utilité
publique</text>
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                <text>conflicts</text>
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                <text> economic valuation</text>
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                <text> Ile-de-France</text>
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                <text>Les conflits d'infrastructures en Ile de France. Des révélateurs des imperfections de la décision publique dans les espaces ruraux et périurbains      </text>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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                <text>Pham, Thai Son</text>
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                <text>Dans le contexte transitionnel de Đổi Mới (Rénovation - réforme économique nationale du Vietnam appliquée depuis 1986), l'urbanisation de Hanoi a fait apparaître des quartiers de ruelles, les zones résidentielles constituées de ruelles petites et sinueuses qu'on peut rencontrer quasi partout dans la ville. L'existence de ces quartiers représente certains enjeux du développement urbain de la capitale du Vietnam. À partir d'un premier constat sur la forme particulière de ces quartiers, cette étude examine comment les habitants s'adaptent aux conditions de vie générées par la production de logements, la fourniture des services urbains essentiels et les configurations spécifiques de l'espace public. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous avons mené des observations directes et des enquêtes sociales auprès des ménages habitant dans les ruelles de trois quartiers représentatifs de la ville. Les résultats nous montrent qu'en s'adaptant aux contextes et aux dispositifs techniques en présence, les habitants jouent un rôle actif en adaptant les espaces et les dispositifs techniques, sous forme d'alternatives - à la fois choix techniques et pratiques sociales. À travers ces alternatives, les habitants participent directement à la production de l'espace urbain, à la formation et à l'évolution de la morphologie urbaine, à l'évolution des dispositifs techniques des services d'électricité, d'eau, d'assainissement et de collecte de déchets ménagers, et à la production de l'espace public du quotidien. À partir de l'analyse de ces pratiques sociales et de leurs influences sur la ville, la thèse détaille les dimensions alternatives de l'urbanisation de Hanoi, dont témoignent les quartiers de ruelles.</text>
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                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797324</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>Smyrna, Alexandria, Beirut, Beyrouth, Alexandrie, Smyrne, Levant, Middle East, Moyen Orient, histoire urbaine, culture urbaine, cosmopolitisme, Mansel Philip</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Levant is a book of cities. It describes three former centers of great wealth, pleasure, and freedom&amp;mdash;Smyrna, Alexandria, and Beirut&amp;mdash;cities of the Levant region along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean. In these key ports at the crossroads of East and West, against all expectations, cosmopolitanism and nationalism flourished simultaneously. People freely switched identities and languages, released from the prisons of religion and nationality. Muslims, Christians, and Jews lived and worshipped as neighbors.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Distinguished historian Philip Mansel is the first to recount the colorful, contradictory histories of Smyrna, Alexandria, and Beirut in the modern age. He begins in the early days of the French alliance with the Ottoman Empire in the sixteenth century and continues through the cities' mid-twentieth-century fates: Smyrna burned; Alexandria Egyptianized; Beirut lacerated by civil war.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Mansel looks back to discern what these remarkable Levantine cities were like, how they differed from other cities, why they shone forth as cultural beacons. He also embarks on a quest: to discover whether, as often claimed, these cities were truly cosmopolitan, possessing the elixir of coexistence between Muslims, Christians, and Jews for which the world yearns. Or, below the glittering surface, were they volcanoes waiting to erupt, as the catastrophes of the twentieth century suggest? In the pages of the past, Mansel finds important messages for the fractured world of today.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Philip Mansel&lt;/b&gt; is a historian of France and the Ottoman Empire. His publications include histories of Constantinople and nineteenth-century Paris, as well as biographies of Louis XVIII and the Prince de Ligne.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>Les tendances des migrations internes au Royaume-Uni issues des données du N.H.S. sur les réinscriptions des patients chez un médecin généraliste. 

Bien qu'il n'existe pas au Royaume-Uni de système global d'enregistrement de la population, l'information sur la redistribution spatiale des patients du N.H.S. est disponible grâce à une banque de données centrale. Les données sur les 'mouvements' de population fournies par cette source d'information sont de plus en plus importantes à la compréhension et à l'interprétation des changements intervenus dans ces migrations internes entre deux recensements de la population. Cet article examine les caractéristiques des données et illustre les changements en volume, structure et disposition de migrations qui se situent à différents niveaux de l'espace géographique.</text>
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                <text>Although Britain lacks a comprehensive population registration system, information on the spatial redistribution of patients registered with the National Health Service is available from a central register. 'Movement' data from this source is increasingly important for understanding how internal migration in Britain changes between periodic censuses of population. This paper reviews the characteristics of the data and illustrates changes in the volume, structure and pattern of migration occurring at various geographical scales.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="382585">
                <text>Stillwell John, Boden Peter, Rees Philip. Internal Migration Trends in the United Kingdom from National Health Service Reregistration data . In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1994-1. Les migrations internes - Internal migrations. pp. 95-108.</text>
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                <text>Internal Migration Trends in the United Kingdom from National Health Service Reregistration data </text>
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                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="575508">
                <text>Philip, Françoise</text>
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                <text>Le Bot, Jean-Michel</text>
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                <text>En 1993, Lafaye et Thévenot se demandaient s’il n’était pas possible de définir un septième mode de justification, celui de la cité verte, aux côtés des six autres définis par Boltanski et Thévenot (1991). En s’appuyant sur des entretiens réalisés auprès d’acteurs institutionnels intervenant dans les débats autour des trames vertes urbaines de trois métropoles de l’ouest de la France (Angers, Nantes et Rennes), l’article montre que, près de vingt ans plus tard, la justification de ces trames fait largement appel au six cadres argumentatifs préexistants. Bien que la loi Grenelle 2 définissant les trames vertes et bleues insiste sur l’objectif de préserver la biodiversité pour elle-même, les promoteurs locaux de ces trames procèdent à des traductions qui aboutissent à des compromis entre mondes. </text>
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                <text>Urban green frames, a new basis for a green city ? In 1993, Lafaye and Thevenot put forward the hypothesis of a seventh “order of worth” – which has been called the “green city” – besides the six other “orders of worth” identified by Boltanski and Thévenot. Based on semi-directive interviews with public officers and members of non-governmental organizations engaged in the debates about urban green frames of three metropolitan areas in the West of France (Angers, Nantes and Rennes), the current paper shows that, after nearly 20 years, urban green frames take their justification principles from the six pre-existing “orders of worth”. Although “Grenelle 2” French regulation, which defines the green and blue frames, emphasizes the necessity to protect biodiversity for itself, green frames local developers are willing to translate this necessity and achieving compromises between worlds. </text>
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                <text>Les trames vertes urbaines, un nouveau support pour une cité verte ?</text>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375228">
                <text>227-243</text>
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                <text>Philippe Antoine</text>
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                <text>1988</text>
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                <text>Cet article analyse les comportements démographiques vis-à-vis de la fécondité, de la famille et de la nuptialité en milieu urbain. L'étude concerne essentiellement la ville d'Abidjan où quatre strates d'habitat sont distinguées. Au sein de ces habitats, les comportements différentiels des populations sont analysés. Si certains comportements transcendent la hiérarchie de l'habitat (comme ceux concernant la famille élargie), d'autres indicateurs (comme la fécondité) suivent une évolution parallèle à cette hiérarchie allant de l'habitat résidentiel à l'habitat sommaire.</text>
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                <text>Demographic indicators and urbanization in Abidjan. 

This paper deals with demographic behaviours with regard to fertility, family and marriage in an urban environment. The analysis mainly bears on the city of Abidjan where four types of dwelling, ranging from residential areas to shanty towns, are reviewed. The relations between the types of dwelling and the demographic behaviours of the inhabitants are studied. While some behaviours appear to be independent of the dwelling type as is the case with the large family network, others like fertility, for instance, show a good correlation between the demographic parameter and the type of dwelling.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375233">
                <text>Antoine Philippe. Comportements démographiques et urbanisation à Abidjan. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1988-2. L'urbanisation en Afrique - Urbanization in Africa. pp. 227-243.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1988_num_6_2_1267</text>
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                <text>fre</text>
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Philippe Artières est historien, directeur de recherches au CNRS, et membre du LAHIC de l’Institut interdisciplinaire d’anthropologie du contemporain au sein de l’EHESS à Paris.</text>
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Avant-propos de Catherine Grandin-Maurin,&#13;
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                <text>L'urbanisation pourra-t-elle accélérer la transition démographique en Afrique ? Cet article passe en revue les effets de la croissance urbaine sur les mouvements naturels de population. La ville abaisse la mortalité, à la fois de manière directe - par exemple grâce aux services sanitaires qu'elle concentre, aux disponibilités vivrières qu'elle régularise - et de manière indirecte, les citadins étant mieux lotis que les ruraux en déterminants individuels de la santé - revenu et éducation notamment. Au nord du Sahara, la baisse de fécondité observée en ville grâce au recul de l'âge au mariage et à l'extension des pratiques contraceptives, commence à gagner les campagnes. Au sud du Sahara, la ville exerce une action plus ambivalente : le retard du mariage et le recours à la contraception qui peuvent accompagner la scolarité prolongée, y sont par endroits contrebalancés par l'abandon de pratiques traditionnelles d'espacement des naissances. Répartissant entre ses membres la charge des enfants, la famille élargie y fait écran à la prise de conscience de certains des coûts de la croissance.</text>
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The relations between urban growth and demographic transition in Africa are examined. The city contributes to lower mortality both directly, i.e. through health facilities or regulation of the food distribution network, and indirectly, through better individual health determinants, i.e. income and education. The decrease of fertility observed in North African cities due to a rise in age at first marriage and to contraceptive practices now popular, is beginning to spread in rural areas. In Sub-Saharian Africa reducing effects of delayed marriage and contraception could be cancelled out by the discarding of traditionnal child-spacing practices. Furthermore, the economic solidarity of the extended family resists in cities, weakening the awareness of the major costs of population growth.</text>
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&#13;
S’appuyant sur des approches compréhensives, étayées par un matériau empirique riche, les recherches présentées ici mettent en avant les liens forts qui unissent mobilités quotidiennes et stratégies résidentielles au sein de trajectoires sociales et de contextes géographiques variés.&#13;
&#13;
Sommaire :&#13;
Avant-propos de Dominique Desjeux&#13;
- Modes de vie et construction de l’habiter&#13;
- Pratiques de mobilités et vulnérabilité sociale&#13;
- L’éloignement résidentiel : entre désirs et contraintes&#13;
&#13;
Philippe Gerber est chargé de recherche en géographie au CEPS/INSTEAD, centre de recherche public en sciences sociales au Luxembourg. Il anime une équipe travaillant sur la modélisation croisée des mobilités résidentielles et quotidiennes dans un contexte régional et transfrontalier. Également chercheur associé à l’UMR LIVE (CNRS Université de Strasbourg), il enseigne dans les universités du Luxembourg et de Lorraine.&#13;
&#13;
Samuel Carpentier est maître de conférences en géographie. Il est rattaché à l’UMR ESPACE (Aix-Marseille Université/CNRS) et chercheur associé au CEPS/INSTEAD. Ses travaux portent sur les mobilités quotidiennes et résidentielles et leurs interactions.</text>
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&#13;
Cet ouvrage est le fruit d'un travail original de recherche et d'écriture collective, et non une collection de chapitres individuels, mené dans le cadre du programme Jugurta en référence au roi de Numidie, considéré comme un dangereux barbare par les Romains qui le laissèrent mourir dans leurs prisons en 104 avant J.-C. Barbare en Occident, héros en Afrique, il représente un schéma classique de l'histoire coloniale des territoires dits aujourd'hui des « Suds », et à ce titre correspond à nos objectifs dans cette recherche : adopter un regard sur les questions urbaines depuis les Suds.&#13;
&#13;
Il s'agit bien ici d'affirmer le droit plein et entier des villes des territoires postcoloniaux, où vivent aujourd'hui la majorité des citadins de la planète, à servir d'exemples dans des débats théoriques sur l'urbain en général. Si contribuer à « distribuer » la recherche urbaine équitablement entre les Suds et les Nords, tout en « reconnaissant » les différences des Suds, était en soi un objectif de justice spatiale, la portée générale du propos de cet ouvrage reste l'essentiel : les auteurs réunis ici, géographes et urbanistes, s'appuyant sur leurs bagages disciplinaires, leurs terrains et des travaux de philosophie politique, veulent montrer que la compréhension des interactions entre espace et société est indispensable à celle des injustices sociales en ville et donc à la réflexion appliquée sur les politiques territoriales visant à réduire les injustices.&#13;
&#13;
Philippe Gervais-Lambony est géographe, professeur à l'Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense et rédacteur en chef de la revue Justice spatiale/Spatial justice. Il a déjà publié plusieurs ouvrages à Karthala ; Claire Bénit-Gbaffou est géographe, professeure associée à l'Université du Witwatersrand (Johannesburg) ; Alain Musset est géographe directeur d'études à l'EHESS, spécialiste de l'Amérique latine et des études urbaines ; Jean-Luc Piermay est professeur à l'Université de Strasbourg ; Sabine Planel est géographe, chercheur à l'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD).&#13;
&#13;
Ont également contribué à cet ouvrage : Cyprien Coffi Aholou, Wafae Belarbi, Honoré Kodjo Biakouye, François Bost, Chloé Buire, Bernard Calas, Monica Coralli, Alain Dubresson, Karine Ginisty, Pauline Guinard, Aziz Irak'ı, Sylvy Jaglin, Quentin Mercurol, Marianne Morange, Gabriel Kwami Nyassogbo, Sophie Oldfield, Sam Owuor, Pascale Philifert, Aurélie Quentin, Amandine Spire, Jean-Fabien Steck, Jeanne Vivet.</text>
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                <text>Architecture thérapeutique. Histoire des sanatoriums en France (1900-1945)</text>
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                <text>«Tout commença par une baraque en bois au fond d’un parc qui fut par la suite pétrifiée sous la forme de balcons de cure attachés aux chambres des patients, transformant l’hôtel de cure des premiers temps en un paquebot sanitaire. Ces sanatoriums [...] ont été revêtus des plus beaux atours de l’éclectisme, de l’Art nouveau ou du Mouvement moderne. Destinés “aux riches malchanceux”, ils ont été luxueux et confortables, quand d’autres, accueillant les plus démunis, ont été aussi austères que spartiates.» (Anne-Marie Châtelet)&#13;
&#13;
Issu d’une fouille systématique des archives départementales et complété par les dessins comparatifs de 40 projets, l’ouvrage de Philippe Grandvoinnet dresse un panorama complet des sanatoriums en France et de leur histoire, en donnant la mesure de leur présence dans le territoire et dans le paysage. &#13;
&#13;
Reconvertis et transformés à différentes reprises, parfois banalisés à l’extrême au détriment de leur caractère originel, la plupart des anciens sanatoriums de cure existent toujours. En plus de constituer une étude exhaustive des édifices à vocation thérapeutique, de leurs espaces de vie et de soins, de leurs audaces architecturales et de leurs destinées singulières au sein d’un horizon historique élargi, ce livre invite à une réflexion renouvelée sur la mémoire et la sauvegarde patrimoniales qui engage autant les historiens, les conservateurs, les architectes que la collectivité dans son ensemble.</text>
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                <text>2014-02-20</text>
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                <text>Relations between Booming of the Non Industrial Supply and Economic Recession: the Case of Abidjan (1980-1985). 

From 1980 to 1985, non industrial supply of goods and services has developped as an organized sector in the suburbs of Abidjan. One observes a reinforcement of local production activities which had been rare until now and the creation of new services like the medical aid round the corner, the phone-box and the legal and tax advisers. The booming of the sector is linked to an economic recession. The study shows the connexion between the economic accidents and the cultural evolution process.</text>
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                <text>En l'espace de quelques années, les banlieues d'Abidjan ont vu se multiplier et se formaliser une offre artisanale de production, de services et de distribution à la faveur d'une crise économique. Entre un secteur de subsistance stricto sensu et un secteur de transition réelle, il est proposé de reconnaître l'existence d'un secteur artisanal disposé à innover et à améliorer un patrimoine sans pour autant entrer dans la spirale de l'accumulation. D'où la notion de reproduction améliorée. Les liens entre l'épanouissement du fait artisanal et une conjoncture de récession économique, permettent de souligner les rapports de l'économique au culturel. En l'occurence, il est possible de raisonner en termes de citadinité. Au bénéfice de celle-ci on peut notamment inscrire le développement d'un artisanat de proximité, ainsi que l'apparition de services comme l'infirmerie du coin de la rue, la cabine téléphonique ou le conseiller juridique et fiscal.</text>
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                <text>Haeringer Philippe. L'explosion de l'offre artisanale à Abidjan et ses relations avec la récession économique (1980-1985). In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1988-2. L'urbanisation en Afrique - Urbanization in Africa. pp. 275-294.</text>
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                <text>Services. ; Ivory Coast ; Abidjan ; Recession ; Shops</text>
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                <text>Côte d'Ivoire ; Abidjan ; Récession ; Artisanat ; boutiques.</text>
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                <text>L'explosion de l'offre artisanale à Abidjan et ses relations avec la récession économique (1980-1985)</text>
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