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                <text>Saunier, Pierre-Yves</text>
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                <text>1998</text>
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                <text>Nolen is a major figure in US city planning history, and has received a wide attention since the days when John Hancock brought him the tribute of his alma mater through a PhD from University of Pennsylvania. Nolen, on the same footing as Geo B Ford or Frederick Law Olmsted, is one of those that Mel Scott depicted as "founding fathers" in his history of American city planning , and Donald Krueckeberger coined him as the "most productive city planner of his time". More severe judgements have also been pronounced, such as those by Marie Christine Boyer or Margaret Crawford, who stressed the business side of Nolen instead of his progressive committments. I am not here to carve another bust of Nolen as an American planner, but rather to use John Nolen as a window on the outside world. All those who wrote on Nolen mentioned his wide participation in the international milieu of town planning. Indeed, this was the cause of the interest I paid to the man of Cambridge, Masachussetts. The Italian historian Giorgio Piccinato was among the first historians of town planning to insist on the existence of a "town planning international society" in the years before World War 1. This society was embodied in overlapping international congresses, exhibitions, networks of correspondences, translations of major books and friendships. Nolen was a figure in all those dimensions.</text>
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                <text>Planning History</text>
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                <text>Planning History</text>
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                <text>Planning History</text>
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                <text>city planning</text>
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                <text>transatlantic networks</text>
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                <text>John Nolen</text>
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                <text>Raymond Unwin</text>
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                <text>Atlantic Crosser. John Nolen and the Urban Internationale</text>
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                <text>Saunier, Pierre-Yves</text>
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                <text>The international milieu of town planning is an exciting web of people, books, exhibits, congresses or ideas. Its exploration is a tool to complete our national-oriented understandings of the ways in which the urban scene was conceived in the 20th century. This article sets its exploration in the wider context of the "Urban Internationale", this sphere dedicated to the declensions of "urban issues" such as town planning, housing and urban government. It is proposed that the IU is structured around three poles: volontary associations, international institutions and the big US philantropic Foundations. The evolution of those poles, and the relations amongst them, shaped the way in which the 'urban issues' were defined and treated.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Urban and Regional Research</text>
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                <text>ISSN:0309-1317</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Urban and Regional Research</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Urban and Regional Research</text>
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                <text>city planning</text>
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                <text>International Union of Local Authorities</text>
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                <text>International Federation of Town Planning</text>
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                <text>1313</text>
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                <text>Public Administration Clearing House</text>
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                <text>Spelman Fund of New York</text>
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                <text>Rockefeller Foundation</text>
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                <text>Ford Foundation</text>
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                <text>philanthropy</text>
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                <text>international associations</text>
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                <text>international conferences</text>
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                <text>Sketches from the Urban Internationale. Voluntary Societies, International Organizations and US Foundations at the City's Bedside 1900-1960</text>
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                <text>Globalisation, the buzzword of the late twentieth century, calls for the attention of historians. As others have already suggested, one way to contribute to the historicisation of the phenomena encapsulated in this idiom is to pay attention to connections over long periods. Connections between municipal governments and exchanges about the subject have both been neglected by historical scholarship for various reasons, but they can contribute to the history of the "construction of the universal". Indeed, the information systems of municipal connections – their vectors, actors and structures – have defined, intersected with, nourished or undergone a series of would-be universalist "transboundary formations". These formations are shifting combinations of values, collective actions, practices, rules, organisations and individuals, all of which are advanced as possible futures for mankind. By examining some of these discourses of ‘social order' and "world order" and the way in which they combine with municipal connections, this article attempts to produce the "‘municipal contribution" announced in its title.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524083">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/00/34/55/PDF/CEHintro.pdf</text>
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                <text>Contemporary European History</text>
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                <text>ISSN:0960-7773</text>
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                <text>contemporary european history</text>
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                <text>contemporary european history</text>
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                <text>globalization</text>
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                <text>municipal connections</text>
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                <text>transnational history</text>
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                <text>Taking Up the Bet on Connections : a Municipal Contribution</text>
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                <text>In this introduction we will first elaborate on why municipal employees and services is a relevant and revealing theme in urban history, and then go on to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of existing scholarship. With particular reference to the contributions to this book, we will consider the consolidation of civic expansionism from the mid-nineteenth century. Next, we will examine the complex relationships that emerged between the executive and administrative spheres of local government, the changing role of central government and employees' responses to the needs and directives of the often highly politicized municipal power-base. Finally, we will look to further research approaches to open out this important, yet under-rated aspect of urban history.</text>
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                <text>Municipal services and employees in the modern city</text>
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                <text>Municipal Services and Employees in the Modern City</text>
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                <text>Municipal services and employees in the modern city</text>
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                <text>municipal government</text>
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                <text>Europe</text>
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                <text>Italy</text>
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                <text>municipal workforce</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524119">
                <text>Tales of the Periphery : An Outline Survey of Municipal Employees and Servives in the 19th and 20th Century City</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524121">
                <text>Saunier, Pierre-Yves</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524122">
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524123">
                <text>Public Administration as a discipline and a field emerged in the USA in the inter war period with a strong support from the Rockefeller organizations, the Spelman Fund of New York being the main granting agency in the field. This emergence was closely connected to the European experience. This essay attempts to reconstruct the domestic and international settings in which this interchange took place, to pay attention to all those who played a large role in foundation work without being foundation officers, to trace the shifting roles of the European reference in the field of US public administration and to assess the impact of the European work in the field of government. Accordingly, Europe appears to be first a source rather than a target, and then a channel to the wider world rather than a scene of operation.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524124">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00002838</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524125">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/00/35/43/PDF/Ulysses_of_Chicago.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524126">
                <text>FRE</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524127">
                <text>American Foundations in Europe. Grant-giving policies, cultural diplomacy and trans atlantic relations 1920-1980</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524128">
                <text>American Foundations in Europe. Grant-giving policies, cultural diplomacy and trans atlantic relations 1920-1980</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524129">
                <text>American Foundations in Europe. Grant-giving policies, cultural diplomacy and trans atlantic relations 1920-1980</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524130">
                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524131">
                <text>Public Administration Clearing House</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524132">
                <text>1313</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524133">
                <text>public administration</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524134">
                <text>Spelman Fund of New York</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524135">
                <text>Rockefeller Foundation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524136">
                <text>governing sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524137">
                <text>transatlantic networks</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524138">
                <text>transnational history</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524139">
                <text>Ulysses of Chicago: American Foundations and Public Administration 1900-1960</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524140">
                <text>scientific book chapter</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524141">
                <text>Saunier, Pierre-Yves</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524142">
                <text>1998</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524143">
                <text>Pourquoi partir de la ville pour s'interroger sur les identités régionales ou nationales? Il me semble que la référence à un autre type d'identité territoriale, ici la ville, peut être utile pour nous sortir des problèmes auxquels nous sommes confrontés lorsque nous présentons le couple nation-région comme un couple fini (complet) et antagoniste. Je m'appuierai pour cela sur un article ecrit en 1963 par l'historien américain David Potter. Dans cet article intitulé "L'usage du nationalisme par l'historien et vice-versa", Potter insiste sur quelques uns des traits qui poussent l'historien à étudier la nation et le nationalisme selon des procédures qui le mènent dans plusieurs impasses. En présentant les positions "ordinaires" que l'historien devrait avoir vis-à-vis de la nation s'il pouvait la considérer comme un objet scientifique banal de l'étude des groupes humains, Potter fait une série de remarques pour montrer que ce n'est pas le cas. En fait, l'historien partagerait une conception "extraordinaire" de la nation et du groupe national, ce qui cause des problèmes sérieux. En d'autres termes, Potter pense que l'historien, quelle que soit sa bonne volonté, est autant sinon plus utilisé par les concepts de nation et de nationalisme qu'il ne les utilise lui-même. Mon point de départ est que ce que dit Potter est juste non seulement pour l'historien mais aussi pour les protagonistes des autres sciences sociales, et que les problèmes qu'il soulève sont importants non seulement pour la nation mais aussi pour toutes les formes territoriales comme par exemple les régions ou les villes.</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524144">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00002761</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524145">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/00/34/45/PDF/a_la_recherche_troisieme_type.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524146">
                <text>FRE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524147">
                <text>Regional and national identities in Europe in the XIXth and Xxth centuries. Les identités régionales et nationales en Europe aux XIXe et Xxe siècles, The Hague, 1998</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524148">
                <text>Regional and national identities in Europe in the XIXth and XXth centuries. Les identités régionales et nationales en Europe aux XIXe et XXe siècles</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524149">
                <text>Regional and national identities in Europe in the XIXth and Xxth centuries. Les identités régionales et nationales en Europe aux XIXe et Xxe siècles, The Hague, 1998</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524150">
                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524151">
                <text>identité territoriale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524152">
                <text>Lyon</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524153">
                <text>Manchester</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524154">
                <text>Florence</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524155">
                <text>territoire</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524156">
                <text>La ville comme antidote ? ou à la rencontre du troisième type (d'identité territoriale)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524157">
                <text>scientific book chapter</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="32801" public="1" featured="0">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524158">
                <text>Saunier, Pierre-Yves</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524159">
                <text>1991</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524160">
                <text>En 1945, G. Le Bras insistait sur la nécesité de mener à bien une véritable "géographie religieuse", tant il jugeait important de comprendre comment les réalités religieuses s'enracinaient dans le sol et transformaient les paysages. Une vingtaine d'années plus tard, le R.P de Dainville pouvait constater combien était laborieuse la mise en place d'une cartographie ecclésiastique. Aujourd'hui encore, malgré les progrès réalisés en terme de pure cartographie, on mesure mal la qualité de cette géographie religieuse. Saisir cette marque spatiale de l'Eglise est pourtant important, notamment au regard de certaines questions comme par exemple celle de l'adaptation de l'Eglise au monde en urbanisation du XIXe siècle. En France, la problématique de la "déchristianisation", posée par les hommes du XIXe siècle eux-mêmes, a fait souvent considérer le XIXe siècle comme une phase de déclin durant laquelle l'église catholique assiste impuissante à la diminution de son influence et du nombre de ses fidèles. Les travaux d'historiens comme Yves-Marie Hilaire ou de sociologues comme F.A Isambert ont contribué à relativiser cette notion, tout en acceptant le mouvement général de détachement des âmes. Cette réflexion historiographique a pris en compte les mouvements proprement religieux, laissant un peu de côté tout un aspect "matériel" des efforts de l'Eglise de France. C'est un de ces aspects matériels qu'on se propose d'étudier ici, à propos précisément d'une étude de cartographie religieuse.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524161">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00002819</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524162">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/00/35/13/PDF/revue_historique_paroisses.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524163">
                <text>FRE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524164">
                <text>Revue Historique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524165">
                <text>ISSN:0035-3264</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524166">
                <text>Revue Historique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524167">
                <text>Revue Historique</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524168">
                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524169">
                <text>histoire administrative</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524170">
                <text>découpages administratifs</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524171">
                <text>paroisses</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524172">
                <text>Lyon</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524173">
                <text>L'église et l'espace de la grande ville au XIXe siècle : Lyon et ses paroisses</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524174">
                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644254">
                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524175">
                <text>Saunier, Pierre-Yves</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524176">
                <text>1992</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524177">
                <text>C'est un des lieux-communs du discours des urbanistes contemporains que de parler de "signal" ou de "haut-lieu" urbain. Les projets dans lesquels apparaissent ces termes comportent en général quelque prouesse architecturale remarquable, tour de très grande hauteur, dôme en surplomb ou saillie verticale. Ce qui est plus remarquable encore, c'est la rapidité avec laquelle les concepteurs confondent la dimension physique des objets avec la qualité affective ou plus exactement sociale qu'ils peuvent éventuellement prendre. Une telle attitude, qui confond le "lieu haut" avec le "haut-lieu", doit être un prétexte à interroger plus généralement la manière dont se construit socialement le sens des lieux. Ce statut de haut-lieu, urbain ou autre, est en effet le fruit d'une histoire longue dont il faut restituer les tournants, en faisant appel aux projets, aux actions et aux hommes qui y participent. L'exemple de la colline de Fourvière à Lyon semble propice à une telle interrogation, tant ce site est omniprésent dans toutes les représentations picturales ou schématisées de la métropole rhodanienne. En l'analysant en terme de construit et non de donné (physique ou naturel), ce haut-lieu local révèlera quelques unes de ses fonctions et, surtout, les modalités de sa construction.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524178">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00002821</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524179">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/00/35/15/PDF/RHMC_HAUTLIEU.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524180">
                <text>FRE</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524182">
                <text>Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524183">
                <text>Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine</text>
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          </element>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524184">
                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524185">
                <text>haut-lieu</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524186">
                <text>signification des lieux</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524187">
                <text>représentations de l'espace</text>
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                <text>Lyon</text>
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                <text>Notre Dame de Fourvière</text>
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                <text>édifices religieux</text>
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                <text>symbolisme</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Haut-lieu et lieu haut : la construction du sens des lieux Lyon et Fourvière</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Saunier, Pierre-Yves</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Derrière la ville des pierres, il y a celle des représentations sociales, inscrite non plus sur le sol mais dans les esprits. Les historiens de l'urbain sont habitués à la description de la première, et ont tendance à la privilègier comme seule "réelle". Il est vrai que l'accès à l'autre ville, la ville "double", est difficile malgré une apparence aisée. On se propose ici de tenter une miniature de la géographie morale d'une grande ville française, Lyon, afin de comprendre et de montrer comment cette "dimension cachée" a des influences "réelles" sur la ville des pierres tout autant qu'elle en subit des effets.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00002796</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524198">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/00/34/83/PDF/HISTSOC.pdf</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524199">
                <text>FRE</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Histoire Sociale/Social History</text>
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                <text>Histoire Sociale/Social History</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524202">
                <text>Histoire Sociale/Social History</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524204">
                <text>quartiers</text>
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                <text>histoire de l'espace</text>
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                <text>représentations de l'espace</text>
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                <text>Lyon</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524208">
                <text>Représentations sociales de l'espace et histoire urbaine : les quartiers d'une grande ville française, Lyon au XIXe siècle</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>HAL</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524210">
                <text>Saunier, Pierre-Yves</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524211">
                <text>1995</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524212">
                <text>Si aujourd'hui le temps où l'on prenait l'urbaniste pour le représentant de la compagnie d'assurances "L'Urbaine" semble révolu, cette définition professionnelle stricte semble cependant encore incertaine. Les rapports récents sur l'enseignement de l'urbanisme montrent les grandes difficultés à définir une véritable formation professionnelle, et Gabriel Dupuy ouvre son Urbanisme des réseaux sur le constat d'un "trouble des urbanistes" qui touche finalement un groupe plus large que celui des seuls urbanistes de profession. Peut-être peut-on remarquer que certains de ces diagnostics de crise sont rapides car ils oublient que les difficultés à définir la profession ou la compétence d'urbaniste n'ont cessé de se donner à voir depuis le début du XX° siècle. Mais, et plus encore, il faut souligner tout ce que la famille de mots dérivés de celui d'urbanisme porte en elle d'incertitude et de flexibilité. Le sens que lui donnait Pierre Clerget en 1910 est proche de ce que les historiens d'aujourd'hui appellent urbanisation, l'emploi qui en est fait dans les congrès internationaux des années 1920-30 regroupe tout ce qui a trait à la gestion des villes (services municipaux, organisation municipale, construction, etc.). Notre usage actuel, et notamment celui de l'historien, entend par là tout ce qui a trait à la gestion des formes physiques de l'urbain et en premier lieu aux activités de projet et de construction. Pour ma part, j'éprouve toujours un chatouillement désagréable lorsque j'entends parler de l'urbanisme au XII° siècle, ou de l'histoire de l'urbanisme de l'origine à nos jours, sans doute à cause de la lecture des travaux de Jean-Claude Gaudin, Christian Topalov et Viviane Claude. C'est ce titillement qui est à l'origine de ce programme de travail, celui que j'ai proposé au concours de recrutement du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, exemple de ces plans de travail que chacun essaye de définir et de suivre à un moment ou un autre de son travail de recherche.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524213">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00002374</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524214">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/00/29/58/PDF/Que_Faire_recherches_contempo.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524215">
                <text>FRE</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524216">
                <text>recherches contemporaines</text>
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                <text>Recherches contemporaines</text>
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                <text>Recherches contemporaines</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524219">
                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524220">
                <text>urbanisme</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524221">
                <text>ville</text>
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                <text>plan</text>
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                <text>urbanistes</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524224">
                <text>Où l'auteur propose un plan de travail pour une histoire dite sociale de l'aménagement urbain</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524225">
                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
              </elementText>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524226">
                <text>Saunier, Pierre-Yves</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524227">
                <text>1995</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524228">
                <text>Based on a study of the historical definition and use of practical and theoretical spatial categories such as 'centre' and 'centrality' in a French city, this article is proposing some paths an history of space may want to follow. If Henri Lefebvre was right in suggesting this was much needed to understand cities and urban life, then possibly investigating the way notions like centre and centrality have been deliminated and operated in 19th century Lyon is a way to do it. A special attention is paid here to lay definitions of centre and centrality, as well as to those by administrators and technicians of urban disposition.</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524229">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00002771</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524230">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/00/34/56/PDF/center_and_centrality_JUH.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524231">
                <text>FRE</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524232">
                <text>Journal of Urban History</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524233">
                <text>ISSN:0096-1442</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524234">
                <text>journal of urban history</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524235">
                <text>journal of urban history</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524236">
                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524237">
                <text>city planning</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524238">
                <text>lyon</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524239">
                <text>centre</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524240">
                <text>center</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524241">
                <text>centrality</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524242">
                <text>downtown</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524243">
                <text>19th century</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524244">
                <text>history of space</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524245">
                <text>spatial representations</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524246">
                <text>Centre and Centrality in the 19th Century: Some Concepts of Urban Disposition Under the Spot of Locality</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524247">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524248">
                <text>Saunier, Pierre-Yves</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524249">
                <text>1996</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524250">
                <text>Si les circonscriptions administratives ont tout du mauvais sujet pour l'historien, c'est que leur approche est souvent réduite à une alternative : la dénonciation de l'artifice et l'acceptation du cadre donné. Cet article veut tenter de rendre raison de l'artifice et de comprendre comment le cadre a été donné, et donc d'interroger le découpage territorial comme action d'administration et comme catégorie d'action des populations, bref comme politique spatiale, à partir d'exemples pris dans le Lyon du 19e siècle autour de circonscriptions politiques, judiciaires, policières ou religieuses.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524251">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00002820</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524252">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/00/35/14/PDF/RGL_decoupages.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524253">
                <text>FRE</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524254">
                <text>Revue de Géographie de Lyon</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524255">
                <text>Revue de Géographie de Lyon</text>
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                <text>Revue de Géographie de Lyon</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>administrative history</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524259">
                <text>histoire administrative</text>
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                <text>divisions administratives</text>
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                <text>administrative districts</text>
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                <text>Lyon</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Variations autour d'un mauvais sujet : des circonscriptions administratives à Lyon au XIXe siècle</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Saunier, Pierre-Yves</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>‘American city' and ‘European city' are familiar terms to us all. They suggest architectural landscapes and forms, glimpsed through movies, magazines or vacations. They also suggest atmospheres, ways of living that one perceives both as different and similar. In both cases, it is through the comparison we develop between sets of pictures or sensations that we are able to create two categories that we label as “American city” and “European city”. Both categories also contribute to our collective discussions about the fate of cities. In the debates about the kind of lives we want to live in cities these images assert themselves as powerful tools to arouse acquiescence or fear, to create agreements and disputes. As personal impressions or as collective categories, however, ‘American city' and ‘European city' are not instant products, and we are constantly referring to a historical pool of connotations, definitions and values when we use them. This article explores the making of this comparison and suggest ways to approach the transatlantic trade in urban matters.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524269">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/16/83/09/PDF/transatlantic_connections_IMS_HAL.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524270">
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                <text>Informationen zur modernen Stadtgeschichte</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>transnational history</text>
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                <text>urban history</text>
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                <text>european city</text>
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                <text>american city</text>
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                <text>circulations</text>
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                <text>circulatory regimes</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Transatlantic Connections and Circulations in the 20th Century: The Urban Variable</text>
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                <text>Genève</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Angueletou-Marteau, Anastasia</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Cette communication porte sur les enjeux de la gouvernance urbaine de l'eau sur les territoires périurbains de Mumbai et explore les limites d'une structure institutionnelle inadaptée pour la fourniture des infrastructures urbaines. Les réformes économiques engagées en Inde depuis les années 1990 n'ont pas accordé les pleins pouvoirs aux gouvernements locaux des petites et moyennes villes. Elles ne peuvent pas satisfaire la demande en eau d'une population croissante. Une troisième voie (les opérateurs informels) émerge pour proposer des alternatives face à l'échec de la généralisation du réseau, mais son action s'organise autour des arrangements informels.</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524290">
                <text>Global Governance for Sustainable Development. The Need for Policy Coherence and New Partnerships, 12th EADI General Conference</text>
              </elementText>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economy and finances</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524292">
                <text>TERRITOIRE PERIURBAIN</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524293">
                <text>GOUVERNANCE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524294">
                <text>ZONE URBAINE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524295">
                <text>EAU</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524296">
                <text>INSTITUTIONS</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524297">
                <text>OPERATEUR INFORMEL</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524298">
                <text>INDE</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>A la recherche d'une nouvelle gouvernance urbaine de l'eau sur les territoires périurbains de Mumbai, Inde</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>conference, seminar, workshop communication</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Faure, Alain</text>
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                <text>Lors des élections municipales de mars 2008, l'intercommunalité ne s'est que rarement invitée dans les débats de la campagne, et quand ce fut le cas, en général sur des arguments plutôt techniques. Ce simple constat mérite quelques éclaircissements quand on sait que le budget des intercommunalités en France est le double de celui des Régions et que les gouvernements d'agglomération jouent un rôle croissant dans la conduite de politiques structurantes sur le développement économique, la protection de l'environnement, la cohésion sociale (Négrier 2006)? Pour les chercheurs en science politique, ce décalage est compliqué à décoder parce qu'il nécessite de résoudre en même temps deux énigmes de nature différente : l'une pour expliquer pourquoi les candidats aux municipales ont été si peu loquaces sur des enjeux politiques aussi stratégiques, et l'autre pour mesurer les enjeux politiques qui se jouent malgré tout dans la « boite noire » des bureaucraties intercommunales. Il y a là un double travail de dévoilement à engager concernant d'une part la mise en scène du politique et d'autre part les ressources du pouvoir local. Nous tenterons d'éclairer ces questions à partir d'enquêtes menées récemment sur des communautés de communes, des « pays », des communautés d?agglomération et différents dispositifs intercommunaux (PDU, SCOT, programmes européens?).</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00292874</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524305">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/29/28/74/PDF/RPPAFaure.pdf</text>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524307">
                <text>Revue Politique et Parlementaire</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524309">
                <text>intercommunalité élections</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524310">
                <text>La double énigme intercommunale des élections municipales de mars 2008</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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        <elementContainer>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524312">
                <text>Doumerc, Bernard</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524313">
                <text>2002</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524314">
                <text>La République de Venise conquiert par le glaive un vaste empire colonial. Tout permettrait de penser que la tradition du chevalier combattant, le miles, fait du noble vénitien l'égal de ses homologues aristocrates des royaumes féodaux de l'Occident chrétien. Il n'en est rien. À Venise, la réalité est autre car il n'y a pas de confiscation de la violence par un groupe de guerriers. La virtus laisse la place à la bravoure du combattant mais la société d'ordre ne prend pas la même dimension au sein du monde lagunaire . Le fondement de la puissance militaire se concrétise après 1204, quand le doge devient gouverneur “ du quart et demi de la Romanie ” à la suite du dépeçage de l'empire romain d'Orient de concert avec les Latins. Désormais, il faut défendre ces possessions coloniales éloignées de la métropole face aux contre-attaques byzantino-génoises et mettre en valeur les territoires . De plus, les Vénitiens reçoivent les trois huitièmes de Constantinople et les meilleures escales maritimes en mer Égée et en mer Ionienne. L'achat de l'île de Crète, vendue par Boniface de Montferrat au mois d'août 1204, complète ce dispositif. La machine territoriale est en marche, aucune puissance politique de l'époque ne l'arrêtera jusqu'au début du XVIe siècle .</text>
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                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00292919</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524316">
                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/29/29/19/PDF/La_coloniale_RTF.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524317">
                <text>ENG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Source</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524318">
                <text>Mélanges d'études et de recherche en l'honneur de G. Jehel</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524320">
                <text>Venise</text>
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                <text>« La “ coloniale ” au secours de la Sérénissime : la place des soldats étrangers dans l'histoire de Venise »</text>
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                <text>Plusieurs documents inédits des Archives de France et de la Russie ont permis de donner un nouvel éclairage à l'histoire de la communauté française à Moscou sous le règne de Catherine II : constater une croissance numérique importante de 200 à presque un millier de personnes, établir les principales villes et régions de départ (Lorraine, Paris, le Dauphinois, Lyon), le rôle de la campagne de recrutement de colons organisée par les autorités russes dans les années 1760 ; nous avons aussi décrit la constitution d'une communauté à Moscou dans un quartier habité par la grande noblesse russe qui est le premier client de ces Français ; les deux principales professions, les marchands et les précepteurs font l'objet d'étude et, parmi les premiers, particulièrement les libraires qui ont joué un rôle important dans la vie culturelle de la ville ; dans les dernières années du règne de Catherine II, la colonie française est formée officiellement et se dote d'une église réservée aux ressortissants de France.</text>
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                <text>Revue des études slaves</text>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>émigration française</text>
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                <text>Russie</text>
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                <text>La communauté francophone de Moscou sous le règne de Catherine II</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524342">
                <text>Levratto, Nadine</text>
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                <text>Bayon, Denis</text>
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                <text>Angeon, Valérie</text>
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                <text>Chia, Eduardo</text>
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                <text>Paranque, Bernard</text>
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                <text>Paulet, Elisabeth</text>
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                <text>Peraldi, Xavier</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524350">
                <text>Ce rapport vise à fonder et mesurer la notion de surcoût dans les DOM qui, comme le rappelle le cahier des charges, "constitue une caractéristique reconnue au plan juridique pour les activités exercées dans les régions ultra périphériques à laquelle il apparaît désormais nécessaire de conférer une base économique au caractère incontestable.". De manière générale, il s'agit de répondre à la nécessité de disposer d'outils performants permettant de satisfaire dans les meilleurs délais aux obligations administratives régulières mais aussi d'anticiper les conditions de gestion de la prochaine période d'intervention communautaire sur 2007-2013. Cet enjeu global passe par l'atteinte de plusieurs objectifs intermédiaires :&lt;br /&gt;• L'apport d'une définition générale du surcoût et l'identification de ses composantes selon leur nature avec une analyse critique des approches théoriques existantes,&lt;br /&gt;• Le recensement des supports disponibles pour assurer la mesure des surcoûts, l'appréciation technique de leur pertinence et la sélection de ceux les plus adaptés à la conduite de l'exercice dans la durée.&lt;br /&gt;• L'indication d'une méthode ou de modalités d'analyse susceptible de rendre compte de l'évolution de l'intensité des surcoûts &lt;br /&gt;• Une mesure des surcoûts sur un échantillon;&lt;br /&gt;• La comparaison des résultats obtenus avec l'existant dans ce domaine.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524351">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00004638</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524352">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/03/62/61/PDF/resume_HAL.pdf</text>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524354">
                <text>[SHS:ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economy and finances</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524355">
                <text>régions ultrapériphériques</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524356">
                <text>DOM</text>
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                <text>surcoûts</text>
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                <text>outre-mer</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524359">
                <text>Evaluation des surcoûts économiques de l'ultrapériphéricité dans les DOM</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524360">
                <text>preprint</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524361">
                <text>Bonnafous, Alain</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524362">
                <text>1985</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524363">
                <text>Cet ouvrage constitue les actes du colloque international sur le financement des transports urbains qui s'est tenu à Lyon en 1984. Le vrai sujet du colloque a été la crise du financement des transports urbains et en particulier du transport public. Cette crise a une apparence qui est la dérive, devenue peu supportable, du financement public des transports collectifs. Elle a une réalité, constituée de l'ensemble des processus qui déterminent cette dérive. Après avoir abordé en introduction les enjeux du financement des transports publics ainsi que l'efficacité et les dépenses des transports urbains, ce document regroupe les différents sujets traités lors d'ateliers : les tendances lourdes et les aspects macro-économiques ; les aspects institutionnels du financement ; le système urbain, système de transport et financement ; la contrepartie sociale du financement ; les nouvelles modalités de financement ; la politique de tarification ; les expériences de tarification ; la dérive et la maîtrise des coûts.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524364">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00292085</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="524365">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/29/20/85/PDF/Financement_des_TU.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524366">
                <text>FRE</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economy and finances</text>
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                <text>financement des transports</text>
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                <text>transport en commun urbain</text>
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                <text>Financement des transports urbains. Actes du colloque international, 18 - 21 septembre 1984, Lyon (France) = Financing urban transportation</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>Genova</text>
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                <text>Italy</text>
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                <text>Rapper (de), Gilles</text>
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                <text>Les frontières balkaniques ont été profondément affectées par les transformations politiques des années 1990, qu'elles soient menacées (ou créées) par les conflits, remises en question par l'émergence de multiples revendications minoritaires ou traversées par des centaines de milliers de migrants et de réfugiés. Cette communication s'intéresse à l'impact de ces transformations sur les populations frontalières et sur la façon dont ces communautés locales réagissent et affectent en retour le paysage frontalier et les politiques des États. Le matériel ethnographique provient de la région frontalière gréco-albanaise : cette frontière a longtemps fait partie du « rideau de fer » avant de devenir un rempart de la « forteresse Europe » et la massive émigration albanaise comme la présence de revendications territoriales concurrentes et de minorités ethniques et nationales en font un bon observatoire des dynamiques frontalières dans les Balkans contemporains.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00291666</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/29/16/66/PDF/de_Rapper_2005a.pdf</text>
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                <text>Il Mediterraneo e le sfide della globalizzazione</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ANTHRO_SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology</text>
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                <text>Albanie</text>
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                <text>Grèce</text>
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                <text>frontière</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="524391">
                <text>Dynamiques et expériences frontalières dans les Balkans : la frontière entre la Grèce et l'Albanie depuis 1990</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="524392">
                <text>conference, seminar, workshop communication</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
