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                <text>Tokyo, twentieth century, vingtième siècle, sciences politiques, mutation sociale, périurbanisation, périphéries, banlieue, Musashino, Fuchk, politique de la ville, Allinson Gary D., croissance urbaine</text>
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Gary D. Allinson

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1979

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University of California Press

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                <text>&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
The rapid growth of suburban communities has been a prominent feature of social change in Japan since the 1920s. In western Tokyo alone the suburban population, which at that time numbered fewer than three hundred thousand, exceeded three million by the late 1970s. In the nation as a whole, a third or more of the populace resides in suburban cities, and their number rises daily.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
This growth has transformed isolated farm and market settlements into large cities characterized by social and economic diversity, and has caused sweeping changes in the political behavior of their residents. The vast majority of suburban voters before 1955 supported the conservatives who dominated Japanese political life; since then most suburbs have witnessed a sharp rise in support for parties of the opposition.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
This book has the dual purpose of describing the social and economic processes that have shaped Tokyo's western suburbs and of analyzing the political changes that have ensued. It employs an explicitly comparative methodology to focus on two communities, the cities of Musashino and Fuch&amp;#363;, in order to reveal the complex - and often paradoxical - processes that have formed suburban Tokyo. Employing more implicit comparisons, the study also contrasts the evolution of Japan's suburbs with those in the United States, in order to highlight diverging patterns of social and political change.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
The late &lt;b&gt;Gary D. Allinson &lt;/b&gt;held the Ellen Bayard Weedon Chair of East Asian Studies at the University of Virginia and wrote a number of books and articles on modern Japan.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Alternative link &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;to the book via Google Books.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Les mouvements migratoires liés à la suburbanisation prennent une place primordiale dans les flux migratoires internes. Ils sont caractérisés par des tranches d'âge, une structure des ménages et des classes socio-économiques spécifiques. Les motivations de ce mouvement sont largement liées aux caractéristiques de l'habitation désirée : une habitation individuelle dont on est propriétaire, située dans un environnement agréable. Le processus de suburbanisation s'étend de plus en plus, s'éloigne des centres-villes, engendre des coûts importants pour la construction des réseaux et des dessertes, génère une consommation d'énergie accrue et des coûts de déplacements toujours plus élevés. En Belgique, c'est à la fois une absence de mesures des pouvoirs publics dans les domaines de l'aménagement du territoire et de la politique du logement destinées à enrayer ce phénomène et un régime de fiscalité communale encourageant l'augmentation de la population, qui sont à l'origine de ce phénomène néfaste par différents aspects et contraire aux idées du développement durable.</text>
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                <text>Depuis quelques années, le suburbain acquiert une position de plus en plus importante dans le débat urbanistique et architectural. D’une part, les théories formulées à son sujet ont connu de conséquentes évolutions : majoritairement perçu comme peu stimulant il y a quelques décennies encore, le suburbain suscite désormais l’intérêt, voire même la fascination. D’autre part, ses abondantes ressources foncières et son bâti diffus offrent un terrain propice à l’application de stratégies de densification. Parmi la multiplicité de fonctions qui prend place aujourd’hui dans le suburbain, le logement est sans doute celle qui est la plus profondément réinterprétée par les mutations en cours. En partant des théories urbaines formulées par les grands théoriciens des cinquante dernières années, cet ouvrage propose une lecture de la suburbanité contemporaine à partir de projets de logement collectif, la réinterprétant par leur architecture. Plusieurs problématiques spécifiques apparaissent dès lors, révélant les enjeux, les potentiels et les opportunités exceptionnelles que le suburbain recèle aujourd’hui.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Most urban growth over the last several decades has been in suburban areas, but research in urban sociology and other urban disciplines has been focused on the city (the global city, the networked city, the post-industrial city). A majority of the world population lives in urban areas, most in suburban regions, including the shanty towns of Asia, favelas of South America, slums of Africa and banileue and inner-city suburbs of the developed nations. &amp;quot;Suburbanization in Global Society&amp;quot; presents new and innovative contributions in comparative suburban studies for urban regions, not just in Europe and the United States but also including emerging metropolitan regions in China, India and other areas of the world. This volume examines the emerging patterns of suburban development in metropolitan regions around the globe. Research is post-1945 with a particular focus upon social and cultural change in suburbanisation processes in developed as well as emerging urban countries.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Mark Clapson &lt;/b&gt;is Reader in History in the Department of Social and Historical Studies at the University of Westminster.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Ray Hutchison &lt;/b&gt;is Professor of Sociology and Urban &amp;amp; Regional Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>The suburbanisation does not exist as such in the USSR with the meaning one has of the phenomena in Western cities. Though one may notice some limited transfers of industrial activities demanding a lot of space or polluting ones, even research centres, towards the suburban areas or satellite-towns. But these déconcentrations correspond to an administrative planification logics. Moreover the Muscovites hesitate before going and living in these employment centres, because they are afraid of loosing the privileges linked with the authorisation to live in Moscow (the propiska) and because of insufficient communications with the capital. The growth rate of the Muscovite population remains higher than this of the remainder of the oblast. To the contrary developing of datchas for second residences is very high in the Moscow oblast, especially in the vicinity of a railway station. The abolishment of the «propiska» system might transform the datchas nearer to Moscow into main residences.</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Nous sommes dans la suburbia lorsque nous prenons la voiture pour aller acheter du pain. Nous sommes dans la suburbia l&amp;agrave; o&amp;ugrave; les livreurs de pizza errent le soir sans fin dans les rues mal &amp;eacute;clair&amp;eacute;es. Nous sommes dans la suburbia quand tous les b&amp;acirc;timents commencent &amp;agrave; ressembler &amp;agrave; des stations-services. Nous sommes dans la suburbia lorsque les bretelles d&amp;rsquo;autoroute constituent les rep&amp;egrave;res spatiaux habituels. Nous sommes dans la suburbia si le temps que nous passons &amp;agrave; garer notre voiture est inf&amp;eacute;rieur &amp;agrave; cinq minutes. Nous sommes dans la suburbia si, o&amp;ugrave; que nous nous trouvions, notre horizon visuel est rempli de panneaux de signalisation. Nous sommes dans la suburbia l&amp;agrave; o&amp;ugrave; les parkings d&amp;eacute;sert&amp;eacute;s constituent des lieux de sociabilit&amp;eacute; nocturne. Nous sommes dans la suburbia si un centre commercial repr&amp;eacute;sente un p&amp;ocirc;le d&amp;rsquo;attraction hebdomadaire voire quotidien. Nous sommes dans la suburbia lorsque nous comptons les distances en temps et non en espace &amp;agrave; parcourir. Nous sommes dans la suburbia lorsque l&amp;rsquo;expression &amp;quot;en ville&amp;quot; ne signifie plus rien. Nous sommes dans la suburbia l&amp;agrave; o&amp;ugrave; les paraboles tourn&amp;eacute;es vers le ciel abondent sur les toits et les balcons d&amp;rsquo;immeubles. Nous sommes dans la suburbia si le temps pass&amp;eacute; devant la t&amp;eacute;l&amp;eacute;vision exc&amp;egrave;de celui pass&amp;eacute; au travail et dans les transports.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Bruce B&amp;eacute;gout&lt;/b&gt; signe un essai in&amp;eacute;dit sur la suburbia, ces banlieues infinies o&amp;ugrave; sont mass&amp;eacute;s les habitants des soci&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute;s contemporaines. Philosophe et &amp;eacute;crivain fran&amp;ccedil;ais, il est ma&amp;icirc;tre de conf&amp;eacute;rences &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;universit&amp;eacute; de Bordeaux. Il a publi&amp;eacute; plusieurs ouvrages philosophiques, quatre essais aux &amp;eacute;ditions Allia (Z&amp;eacute;ropolis : L&amp;rsquo;exp&amp;eacute;rience de Las Vegas, 2002 ; Lieu commun : Le motel am&amp;eacute;ricain, 2003 ; La D&amp;eacute;couverte du quotidien : &amp;Eacute;l&amp;eacute;ments pour une ph&amp;eacute;nom&amp;eacute;nologie du monde de la vie, 2005 ; De la d&amp;eacute;cence ordinaire, 2008), mais aussi un &amp;quot;documentaire fiction&amp;quot; &amp;agrave; la mani&amp;egrave;re de certains cin&amp;eacute;astes tir&amp;eacute; de son roman L&amp;rsquo;&amp;Eacute;blouissement des bords de route (&amp;Eacute;ditions Verticales, 2004).&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&#13;
Parcourir les cent cinquante dernières années démontre qu’il ne s’agit pas d’un événement subi, imprévu, voire catastrophique, improprement baptisé « étalement urbain ». Cette formule, trop géographique, cache l’action d’une utopie – d’inspiration libérale – obstinément entretenue au long des aléas de l’histoire urbaine du capitalisme : l’avènement d’une « démocratie de propriétaires ». Imaginée à la fin du XVIIe siècle par John Locke et ses suiveurs, elle s’est peu à peu réalisée à travers la colonisation des campagnes par les citadins, au cours de laquelle se sont inventées les formes urbaines de la dispersion. Ce faisant, ces formes ont changé, ainsi que les relations des citadins à leur espace public.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;div&gt;"Tout le monde aime les ports. Tout le monde adore prendre un capuccino dans un petit port de p&amp;ecirc;cheurs, par exemple &amp;agrave; Monterosso (dans les Cinque Terre, &amp;agrave; 90 km au sud de G&amp;ecirc;nes). Moi aussi ; mais j&amp;rsquo;aime encore plus les ports sales, les ports d&amp;eacute;mesur&amp;eacute;s, et surtout les couleurs qui vont avec. Dans un petit port de p&amp;ecirc;che, les teintes dominantes sont : le bleu clair (la mer), le vert (les volets), le jaune (les fa&amp;ccedil;ades). Dans un port industriel, c&amp;rsquo;est : le bleu fonc&amp;eacute; (la mer qui est sale), le marron (m&amp;eacute;tal rouill&amp;eacute;), le rouge (grues peintes pour &amp;ecirc;tre bien visibles)."&lt;/div&gt;&#13;
&lt;br /&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Rapha&amp;euml;l Meltz&lt;/strong&gt;, &amp;eacute;crivain et cofondateur du Tigre, poursuit dans le port industriel de G&amp;ecirc;nes sa s&amp;eacute;rie de texte sur les Suburbs, les zones p&amp;eacute;riph&amp;eacute;riques :&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; "Ce qui me semble beau, ce que j&amp;rsquo;aimerais faire, c&amp;rsquo;est : donner de l&amp;rsquo;histoire (au double sens du terme : le pass&amp;eacute;, la fiction) &amp;agrave; des lieux qui en semblent d&amp;eacute;nu&amp;eacute;s &amp;ndash; mais dont le caract&amp;egrave;re a-touristique est en r&amp;eacute;alit&amp;eacute; d&amp;ucirc; &amp;agrave; la faiblesse conceptuelle de nos outils d&amp;rsquo;analyse."&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; O&amp;ugrave; il est question d&amp;rsquo;une usine &amp;eacute;lectrique fonctionnant &amp;agrave; la houille, de la Lanterna di Genova, de la &amp;laquo; requalification &amp;raquo; du port historique, de documents douaniers oubli&amp;eacute;s et d&amp;rsquo;acc&amp;egrave;s interdits, de rondes de Carabinieri et de caf&amp;eacute;s r&amp;eacute;serv&amp;eacute;s aux dockers, de ruines industrielles et de projets secrets.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; "Prenant des photos d&amp;rsquo;un b&amp;acirc;timent &amp;agrave; demi-abandonn&amp;eacute; (j&amp;rsquo;entends par l&amp;agrave; non que son aspect me fait h&amp;eacute;siter sur son &amp;eacute;tat d&amp;rsquo;abandon, mais qu&amp;rsquo;une partie est abandonn&amp;eacute;e et qu&amp;rsquo;une autre est encore en service), je me prends soudain pour une sorte de nouveau Jacques Benveniste, lui qui pensait avoir d&amp;eacute;montr&amp;eacute; que l&amp;rsquo;eau a de la m&amp;eacute;moire, moi je voudrais postuler que les lieux ont de la m&amp;eacute;moire : ce b&amp;acirc;timent, aux vitres cass&amp;eacute;es, si on savait l&amp;rsquo;entendre, nous raconterait le labeur des hommes qui ont travaill&amp;eacute; l&amp;agrave;, les bruits des machines, les odeurs surtout qui ne peuvent pas &amp;ecirc;tre les m&amp;ecirc;mes qu&amp;rsquo;aujourd&amp;rsquo;hui"</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://www.le-tigre.net/SUBURBS-II.html" target="_blank"&gt;Les Livres du Tigre&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This paper aims at providing a methodological framework that comprehends the different levels of intricate interactions in the prodution of suburban residential patterns. By doing so, I wish to introduce an analysis of the local contexts of production of suburban PUG. This will be eventually achieved by the means of quantitative analysis (multilevel spatial analysis of income patterns and morphological typologies of subdivisions) and qualitative data. In this aim, identifying recent enclaved subdivisions will be used as a proxy to study a representative sample of subdivisions in the suburban areas of Paris metropolitan region. A database of 909 enclaved subdivision provided by the Greater Paris Region Planning Agency (from now on IAU-IdF1) will be used to identify street patterns, local morphologies, nearby land uses. This requires focusing on three main issues that underlies the theoretical and methodological choices the paper will discuss and justify : first, an analysis of PUD morphological fragmentation ; second, a comparative study of socio-spatial fragmentation (based upon income data) and regulation practices, interactions between actors and suburban sprawl ; and at last, an effort towards a better understanding of the retraction of public space, resulting from planning and development choices. Indeed, we push the argument that analyzing public and private partnerships in the production of suburban residential spaces, requires to investigate several dimensions : theoretical issues of institutional regulations, interactions between individual strategies at a local scale, these of private operators and developers as well as these of the residents. At last, the paper aims at demonstrating how these numerous and divergent dimensions may be jointly analyzed by the means of quantitative and qualitative multi-level analysis that indetifiy production contexts and territorial outcomes.</text>
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                <text>5th International Conference of the Research Network Private Urban Governance &amp; Gated Communities (Redefinition of Public Space Within the Privatization of Cities)</text>
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                <text>Suburbs, boomburbs and exurbs : a multilevel approach of contextual effects and the production of suburban morphologies.</text>
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                  <text>Articulo – Journal of Urban Research est une publication en ligne à comité de lecture qui se consacre aux questions urbaines. Multidisciplinaire, la revue publie des contributions théoriques et empiriques portant sur les transformations sociales, environnementales et économiques des villes et des régions urbaines. Elle sert de forum international aux scientifiques et praticiens travaillant sur les problématiques urbaines dans le monde.</text>
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                <text>La banlieue et le phénomène de suburbanisation ne constituent pas seulement depuis quelques décennies une composante cruciale de l’urbanisation, mais sont également objets de construction sociale et de contestation politique. Le paysage suburbain est habituellement soumis à des évaluations très critiques par la recherche, la politique et l’aménagement. Ainsi il est représenté dans ces discours comme une dystopie, signifiant la mort de l’urbain en tant que tel. A la lumière des évolutions récentes des marchés immobiliers et de l’énergie, et tenant compte de la « renaissance », au moins perçue, des centres-villes dans les régions métropolitaines, l’image de la banlieue a de nouveau changé. Elle signifie à présent désespoir et déclin, voire un espace de taudis en devenir. Ces représentations discursives sont des constructions idéologiques davantage fondées sur une certaine vision urbaine de l’espace suburbain que sur un examen solide de sa structure. Dans ce contexte, cet article retrace le tournant discursif des perspectives urbaines et a pour objectif de reconstruire la perception et la représentation discursive des banlieues au fil du temps. En nous appuyant sur des développements en Allemagne et en Amérique du Nord, nous montrons que les pratiques discursives confirment que les professionnels ont, depuis longtemps, marqué peu d’intérêt pour les banlieues. En revanche, les discours ne reflètent pas encore un changement de paradigme lié au développement ‘matériel’ de l’urbain. Nous concluons que les banlieues ne sont ni des paradis ni des taudis. Elles représentent juste une partie ordinaire et légitime de l’urbain, un endroit hybride dont la terminologie, la signification et l’identité restent imprécises. </text>
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                <text>Suburbanization and suburbia have not only represented a substantial component of urbanization for decades, but have also been subject to social construction and political contestation. This usually unfolds in highly critical assessments of suburban landscape by research, policy and planning. Thus, suburbs are discursively framed as dystopia, and as the demise of the urban as such. In light of most recent developments on real estate and energy markets, and taking into account an at least perceived ‘renaissance’ of inner cities in metropolitan regions, the image of suburbs has changed again. It now represents despair and decline, even the next slum. Such discursive representations are based on an urban view rather than on a solid exploration of suburbs, and are ideologically constructed. In this context, this paper builds on the discursive shift in urban views and aims at reconstructing the way suburbs have been perceived and discursively framed in the past. By focusing on German developments and a comparative (North American) perspective, it argues that discursive practice confirms the long-standing professional neglect of suburbs; however, this has not resulted in a paradigm shift in ‘material’ urban development as yet. The main contention is that the suburbs are neither heaven nor hell, neither paradise nor slum. They just represent an ordinary, legitimate part of the urban, a hybrid that still lacks precise denomination regarding terminology, meaning and identity. </text>
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                <text>doi:10.4000/articulo.1552</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="551150">
                <text>en</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>discourse analysis</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="551152">
                <text>Germany</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="551153">
                <text>interpretative research paradigm</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="551154">
                <text>suburbanization</text>
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                <text>Allemagne</text>
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                <text>analyse de discours</text>
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                <text>paradigme interprétatif</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Suburbs: the next slum? Explorations into the contested terrain of social construction and political discourse</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Urbanisation et sociétés urbaines</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>IRD</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="358197">
                <text>AFRIQUE SUBSAHARIENNE</text>
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                <text>MAURITANIE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="358199">
                <text>NOUAKCHOTT</text>
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                <text>SENEGAL</text>
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                <text>DAKAR</text>
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                <text>TANZANIE</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="358203">
                <text>Le Bris, Emile</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1992</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="358206">
                <text>http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:39562</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="358207">
                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:39562</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="358208">
                <text>Le Bris Emile. Crise urbaine et effets urbains de la crise : le cas de l'Afrique noire. In :   Succès de la ville, crise de l'urbanité. Espaces et Sociétés, 1992, p. 61-82. </text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>VILLE</text>
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                <text>URBANISATION</text>
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                <text>CRISE ECONOMIQUE</text>
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                <text>ECONOMIE INTERNATIONALE</text>
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                <text>HISTOIRE URBAINE</text>
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                <text>CROISSANCE URBAINE</text>
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                <text>EQUIPEMENT</text>
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                <text>FONCTIONS URBAINES</text>
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                <text>LOGEMENT</text>
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                <text>FONCIER URBAIN</text>
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                <text>INEGALITE SOCIALE</text>
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                <text>EXPULSION</text>
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                <text>GESTION URBAINE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="358223">
                <text>ETAT</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="358224">
                <text>ADMINISTRATION PUBLIQUE</text>
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                <text>SECTEUR INFORMEL</text>
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                <text>POLITIQUE URBAINE</text>
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                <text>CRISE URBAINE</text>
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                <text>ESPACE URBAIN</text>
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                <text>EXPLOSION URBAINE</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Crise urbaine et effets urbains de la crise : le cas de l'Afrique noire</text>
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                <text>Succès de la ville, crise de l'urbanité</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Histoire urbaine</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>revue publiée par Société française d'histoire urbaine</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>CAIRN</text>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="448281">
                <text>9</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="448282">
                <text>Stobart, Jon</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2011</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RHU_030_0127</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="448285">
                <text>fre</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="448286">
                <text>Cairn</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="448287">
                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 30, 1, 2011-07-15, pp.127-146</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Sucre et épices</text>
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      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="190422">
                <text>Mas Hernández, Rafael. Director de tesis</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Galiana Martín, Luis</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="190425">
                <text>Introducción&#13;
&#13;
En Madrid, corte y capital del Estado durante más de cuatro siglos, la importancia de lo público se refleja en todos los órdenes y a todos los niveles. Una de estas manifestaciones, y no la de menor importancia, es la existencia de considerables patrimonios fundiarios puestos bajo la titularidad de distintos organismos y administraciones públicas. La constatación de este hecho provocó que se planteara el primer objetivo de este trabajo: averiguar la extensión y características de estos patrimonios, manejando, como hipótesis de trabajo, que estos conjuntos de bienes hablan tenido una importancia excepcional en el desarrollo y en la configuración urbana de la ciudad de Madrid...</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>es</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="190430">
                <text>Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (España)</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="190431">
                <text>suelo público, desarrollo urbano, patrimonio, Madrid</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Suelo público y desarrollo urbano : el caso de Madrid</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Tesis</text>
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                <name>Bit Depth</name>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
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En donnant son nom au c&amp;eacute;l&amp;egrave;bre canal, la ville de Suez est entr&amp;eacute;e avec &amp;eacute;clat dans l&amp;rsquo;histoire du xx&amp;#7497; si&amp;egrave;cle. &amp;Agrave; partir de 1859, l&amp;rsquo;embouchure de l&amp;rsquo;ancien canal des Pharaons, devenue au Moyen &amp;Acirc;ge un port d&amp;rsquo;embarquement des p&amp;egrave;lerins pour La Mecque, allait ainsi se transformer en l&amp;rsquo;un des plus vastes complexes portuaires et industriels d&amp;rsquo;&amp;Eacute;gypte. Dans la suite des publications d&amp;eacute;j&amp;agrave; consacr&amp;eacute;es &amp;agrave; Port-Sa&amp;iuml;d et Isma&amp;iuml;lia, cette monographie, qui r&amp;eacute;unit des contributions d&amp;rsquo;historiens et d&amp;rsquo;architectes, d&amp;eacute;roule le panorama de la longue histoire de la cit&amp;eacute; et invite les visiteurs &amp;agrave; poursuivre leur promenade architecturale &amp;agrave; travers les rues de la ville.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Sommaire :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Essais&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Clysma, sur les traces d&amp;rsquo;une cit&amp;eacute; enfouie&lt;br /&gt;
C&amp;eacute;dric Meurice&lt;br /&gt;
Qulzum-Suez, du commerce au p&amp;egrave;lerinage&lt;br /&gt;
Jean-Michel Mouton&lt;br /&gt;
Suez, urbanisme et architecture aux XIXe et XXe si&amp;egrave;cles&lt;br /&gt;
Claudine Piaton&lt;br /&gt;
Port-Tawfiq, l&amp;rsquo;entr&amp;eacute;e du canal par la mer Rouge&lt;br /&gt;
C&amp;eacute;line Fr&amp;eacute;maux&lt;br /&gt;
La trajectoire m&amp;eacute;connue de la communaut&amp;eacute; grecque de Suez&lt;br /&gt;
Angelos Ntalachanis&lt;br /&gt;
Suez et la route du p&amp;eacute;trole&lt;br /&gt;
Carola Hein&lt;br /&gt;
Les cabanons de Suez&lt;br /&gt;
Naguib Amin&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Promenades architecturales&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Les ports&lt;br /&gt;
Port-Tawfiq et le domaine de la Cie&lt;br /&gt;
La ville de Suez&lt;br /&gt;
Les lieux de culte&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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In recent years there has been a growing focus on urban and environmental studies, and the skills and techniques needed to address the wider challenges of how to create sustainable communities. Central to that demand is the increasing urgency of addressing the issue of urban decline, and the response has almost always been to pursue growth policies to attempt to reverse that decline. The track record of growth policies has been mixed at best.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Until the first decade of the twenty-first century decline was assumed to be an issue only for former industrial cities &amp;ndash; the so-called Rust Belt. But the sudden reversal in growth in the major cities of the American Sunbelt has shown that urban decline can be a much wider issue. Justin Hollander&amp;rsquo;s research into urban decline in both the Sun and Rust Belts draws lessons planners and policy makers that can be applied universally.&lt;br /&gt;
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Hollander addresses the reasons and statistics behind these &amp;quot;shrinking cities&amp;quot; with a positive outlook, arguing that growth for growth&amp;rsquo;s sake is not beneficial for communities, suggesting instead that urban development could be achieved through shrinkage. Case studies on Phoenix, Flint, Orlando and Fresno support the argument, and Hollander delves into the numbers, literature and individual lives affected and how they have changed in response to the declining regions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Written for urban scholars and to suit a wide range of courses focused on contemporary urban studies, this text forms a base for all study on shrinking cities for professionals, academics and students in urban design, planning, public administration and sociology.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Justin B. Hollander&lt;/b&gt; is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Urban and Environmental Policy and Planning at Tufts University and a Research Scientist at the George Perkins Marsh Institute at Clark University.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Manou-Savina A. Sur l'amélioration des services dans quatre quartiers populaires d'Abidjan. Cités Africaines, 1985, p. 42-46. </text>
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                  <text>Créée en 1986, Strates. Matériaux pour la recherche en sciences sociales est la revue du Laboratoire dynamiques sociales et recomposition des espaces (Ladyss). Regroupant géographes et sociologues, la revue est aussi ouverte à des chercheurs d’autres disciplines. Strates publie des matériaux, des réflexions sur des travaux en cours, des comparaisons avec des recherches étrangères, des débats, des éléments de méthodes, des travaux de doctorants, des jalons de recherche, des bibliographies commentées, des chronologies, cherchant ainsi à valoriser des moments importants du métier de chercheur non prisés dans l’espace habituel des publications.</text>
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                <text>Semmoud, Bouziane</text>
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                <text>L’article montre, à partir d’enquêtes par entretiens dans des quartiers d’habitat collectif et de lotissements populaires de la périphérie d’Oran, comment les habitants, urbains ou néo-ur­bains, se territorialisent au quotidien en produisant de la socia­bilité fondée sur un mélange subtil et variable d’expérience de la vie urbaine commune et de liens de nature communautaire ou professionnelle. La diversité résulte autant du mode d’accès à l’habitat (relogement, logement de fonction, habitat social, acquisition sur le marché…) que des modalités de peuplement (mobilité résidentielle, exode rural) qui marquent profondé­ment pratiques spatiales et représentations. </text>
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                <text>The article shows, through interview-based surveys conducted in col­lective housing neighbourhoods and low-income developments on the outskirts of Oran how the inhabitants, whether urban or neo-urban, become territorialized in their everyday life by producing sociability based on a variety of subtle and variable experience in common urban life and community-related or professional connections. The diversity results both from the way of accessing housing (rehousing, subsidized accommodation, social housing, purchase on the market…) and forms of settlement (residential mobility, rural exodus), which profoundly mark spatial practices and representations. </text>
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                <text>espace urbain</text>
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                <text>Sur la construction des territoires urbains quotidiens en Algérie</text>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="534359">
                <text>Bouleau, Nicolas</text>
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                <text>2005</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Nous étudions la consistence profonde du travail de recherche dans le projet architectural : la nature philosophique de la difficulté qui est à surmontée lorsqu'après de multiples tentatives on débusque des dispositions desquelles on puisse dire qu'elles sont remarquables.&lt;br /&gt;Notre raisonnement s'appuie sur une comparaison avec la science qui se fait et plus particulièrement sur le cas des mathématiques.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="534365">
                <text>Journées Européennes de la Recherche Architecturale et Urbaine EURAU'04</text>
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                <text>[SHS:HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>[SHS:PHIL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy</text>
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                <text>Sur le socle épistémologique du projet d'architecture</text>
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