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                <text>The Architecture and memory of the minority quarter in the Muslim Mediterranean city</text>
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                <text>, histoire urbaine, histoire de l'architecture, mémoire, ségrégation urbaine, voisinage, société urbaine, mixité sociale, fragmentation sociale, Mediterranean, méditerranéen, Miller Susan Gilson, Bertagnin </text>
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2010

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Harvard University Graduate School of Design 
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Harvard University Press

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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
A collaborative work among historians, literary specialists, and architects, this collection is directed at filling the gap in our knowledge about minority neighborhoods in the southern Mediterranean.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A series of portraits examines the minority quarters of six Mediterranean cities: Fez, Marrakesh, Trani, Tangier, Palermo, and Istanbul. Each chapter documents the architectural reminders of minority presence: the houses, churches, synagogues, shrines, legations, and other public spaces that have been abandoned or converted to other uses. Authors also examine the everyday experiences that shaped physical space, such as family life, the economy, interactions with the rest of the city, relations with state authorities, and ties with the hinterland, the region and the wider Mediterranean world. Finally, the book considers how minority space has been exploited and refashioned as a &amp;ldquo;place of memory&amp;rdquo; in which uncomfortable visions of the past have been revised and made suitable for current use.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Contents : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Foreword - Hashim Sarkis &lt;br /&gt;
An introduction to the Mediterranean minority quarter - Susan Gilson Miller &lt;br /&gt;
Fragments of the past : reconstructing the history of Palermo's Meschita Quarter - William Granara&lt;br /&gt;
The Giudecca of Trani : a Southern Italian synthesis - Susan Gilson Miller, Ilham Khurimakdisi, and Mauro Bertagnin &lt;br /&gt;
The Mall&amp;acirc;h, the third city of Fez - Susan Gilson Miller, Attilio Petruccioli, and Mauro Bertagnin&lt;br /&gt;
The Mall&amp;acirc;h of Marrakesh : epicenter of a desert economy - Emily R. Gottreich &lt;br /&gt;
The Beni Ider Quarter of Tangier in 1900 : hybridity as a social practice - Susan Gilson Miller &lt;br /&gt;
The Balat District of Istanbul : multiethnicity on the Golden Horn - Karen A. Leal&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Susan Gilson Miller&lt;/b&gt; is Associate Professor of History at the University of California at Davis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&amp;#65279;Mauro Bertagnin&lt;/b&gt; is Professor of Technical Architecture, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Udine.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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F&amp;eacute;vrier 2010

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Presses universitaires du Mirail

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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur du n&amp;deg; 25 de la revue Anglophonia :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Les textes rassembl&amp;eacute;s dans ce num&amp;eacute;ro ont &amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; pr&amp;eacute;sent&amp;eacute;s lors du colloque international &amp;quot;L&amp;rsquo;art de la ville&amp;quot; qui s&amp;rsquo;est tenu &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;Universit&amp;eacute; Toulouse-le Mirail (6-8 novembre 2008). Les auteurs s&amp;rsquo;int&amp;eacute;ressent &amp;agrave; la mani&amp;egrave;re dont l&amp;rsquo;art (la litt&amp;eacute;rature, l&amp;rsquo;architecture, la peinture, la photographie, le cin&amp;eacute;ma...), &amp;agrave; travers toutes les &amp;eacute;poques, aborde la ville. Sans vouloir cadastrer, archiver ou comprendre un lieu qui demeure dans le mouvement, ils envisagent le renouvellement de la d&amp;eacute;marche artistique au contact du paysage urbain &amp;ndash; &amp;quot;circumambulate the city&amp;quot;, disait Melville. Conscient de ses limites, l&amp;rsquo;art se r&amp;eacute;invente pour approcher un lieu o&amp;ugrave; l&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;vidence du concret se m&amp;ecirc;le aux d&amp;eacute;rives imaginaires. Il n&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;voque pas seulement la ville en termes de cadre, de construction sociale ou symbolique, ou de surface s&amp;eacute;miotique, satur&amp;eacute;e de textes et d&amp;rsquo;images, mais il accorde ses doutes et ses modulations avec les traces et les transmutations urbaines. Il semble ainsi esquisser une &amp;quot;po&amp;eacute;thique&amp;quot; (M. Deguy) de la ville.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This collection of papers was presented at the International Conference &amp;ldquo;The Art of the City&amp;rdquo; organized at the University of Toulouse-le Mirail (6-8 November 2008). The authors explore the treatment of the city in the arts (literature, architecture, painting, photography, cinema&amp;hellip;). Without wishing to plot the constant movement of the city into predetermined patterns, they consider the renewal of art in contact with the elusive urban landscape &amp;ndash; &amp;ldquo;circumambulate the city&amp;rdquo;, Melville said. Confronted with its own limitations, art reinvents language and form in order to evoke a space where brutal materiality meets dreamlike abstractions. It not only represents the city as a frame, a social or symbolic construct, or as a semiotic surface saturated with signs and images, but attunes its doubts and modulations to the urban traces and transmutations. It then seems to delineate a &amp;ldquo;poethics&amp;rdquo; (M. Deguy) of the city.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; This insightful book draws upon a wide range of disciplines &amp;ndash; political economy, geography and international relations &amp;ndash; to examine how Asia has returned to its central position in the world economy.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; As in the case of the hosting of the Olympic games, it is cities rather than states which compete, whether as financial centres, logistical hubs or platforms for coordinating international subcontracting. Analysing the historical precedents of the Mediterranean maritime republics, the Baltic Sea Hanseatic League and the South China Sea mercantile kingdoms, the book delineates the way stable economic and legal institutions were developed largely beyond the purview of, and at times in conflict with, the State.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Discussing the strong link between history and contemporary economic situation, The Asian Mediterranean will appeal to academics, including post-graduate students of economics, geography, history, regional studies and Asian studies.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Fran&amp;ccedil;ois Gipouloux &lt;/b&gt;is Research Director at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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Russell Sage Foundation

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                <text>&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Despite the rapid creation of jobs in the greater Atlanta region, poverty in the city itself remains surprisingly high, and Atlanta's economic boom has yet to play a significant role in narrowing the gap between the suburban rich and the city poor. This book investigates the key factors underlying this paradox.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The authors show that the legacy of past residential segregation as well as the more recent phenomenon of urban sprawl both work against inner city blacks. Many remain concentrated near traditional black neighborhoods south of the city center and face prohibitive commuting distances now that jobs have migrated to outlying northern suburbs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The book also presents some promising signs. Few whites still hold overt negative stereotypes of blacks, and both whites and blacks would prefer to live in more integrated neighborhoods. The emergence of a dynamic, black middle class and the success of many black-owned businesses in the area also give the authors reason to hope that racial inequality will not remain entrenched in a city where so much else has changed.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Contents:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
David L. Sjoquist - The Atlanta paradox: Introduction&lt;/div&gt;
Truman A. Hartshorn and Keith R. Ihlanfeldt - Growth and change in metropolitan Atlanta&lt;/div&gt;
Ronald H. Bayor - Atlanta: The historical paradox&lt;/div&gt;
Obie Clayton Jr., Christopher R. Geller, Sahadeo Patram, Travis Patton and David L. Sjoquist - Racial attitudes and perceptions in Atlanta&lt;/div&gt;
Mark A. Thompson - Black-white residential segregation in Atlanta&lt;/div&gt;
Keith R. Ihlanfeldt and David L. Sjoquist - The geographic mismatch between jobs and housing&lt;/div&gt;
Keith R. Ihlanfeldt and David L. Sjoquist - Earnings inequality&lt;/div&gt;
Irene Browne and Leann M. Tigges - The intersection of gender and race in Atlanta's labor market&lt;/div&gt;
Cynthia Lucas Hewitt - Job segregation, ethnic hegemony, and earnings inequality&lt;/div&gt;
Nikki McIntyre Finlay - Finding work in Atlanta: Is there an optimal strategy for disadvantaged job seekers?&lt;/div&gt;
Gray Paul Green, Roger B. Hammer and Leann M. Tigges - &amp;quot;Someone to count on&amp;quot;: Informal support&lt;/div&gt;
David L. Sjoquist - Urban inequality in Atlanta: Policy options&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;David L. Sjoquist &lt;/b&gt;is Professor of Economics in the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies at Georgia State University.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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Lindsey Freeman</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;Une intervention de Lindsey Freeman mise en ligne au format audio sur &lt;i&gt;La forge num&amp;eacute;rique&lt;/i&gt; de la MRSH de Caen&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par le diffuseur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the Second World War, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, was a secret government city created from scratch for the Manhattan Project. Despite the fact that the city was built at a furious pace for an urgent war project and was meant to be invisible, great care was taken with the design of the town. Oak Ridge was socially engineered to be the &amp;lsquo;uranium center of excellence,' an atomic Levittown before Levittown. On its way to becoming the uranium center of excellence, there are two interlocking tropes that are primarily used to describe the town's early construction and design: the frontier and utopia. In Oak Ridge, the frontier and utopian imaginations do not compete so much as nestle alongside and within each other. Of course the frontier and utopian imaginations are not unique to the former secret atomic city of Oak Ridge, but characteristic of other regional and national myths as well. What is unique is how these common tropes are used to tell the story of a particular town at the emergence of atomic modernity. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Lindsey A. Freeman&lt;/b&gt; is a PhD, Sociology and Historical Studies at the New School for Social Research. Her research concerns the secret atomic cities of the Manhattan Project and examines the legacies of the Atomic Age in a post-nuclear landscape. She has published articles on atomic history, atomic tourism, and the relationship between artists and social scientists as they intersect in a museal context. She is also a founding member of the New School Interdisciplinary Memory Studies Group. In the Spring of 2013, Lindsey will be a Visiting Assistant Professor at the University of Caen-Normandy in the Geography Department in conjunction with Espaces et Soci&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute;s (Space and Society) and Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS).&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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Jacob A. Riis

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&amp;nbsp;1902

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&amp;nbsp;The Macmillan Company

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&amp;nbsp;465</text>
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                <text>Extract from the Introduction, 'What the fight is about' :
&amp;nbsp;
The slum is as old as civilization... The battle with the slum began the day civilization recognized in it her enemy. It was a losing fight until conscience joined forces with fear and self-interest against it. When common sense and the golden rule obtain among men as a rule of practice, it will be over. The two have not always been classed together, but here they are plainly seen to belong together. Justice to the individual is accepted in theory as the only safe groundwork of the commonwealth. When it is practised in dealing with the slum, there will shortly be no slum. We need not wait for the millennium, to get rid of it. We can do it now. All that is required is that it shall not be left to itself.
&amp;nbsp;
Jacob A. Riis (1849 - 1914) was a photographer and journalist who documented conditions in New York City's tenement housing in the nineteenth century. This book is a sequel to his work 'How the other half lives' (1890). 
&amp;nbsp;
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                <text>    This dissertation examines how public history and historic preservation have changed during the twentieth century by examining the Germantown neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1683, Germantown is one of America’s most historic neighborhoods, with resonant landmarks related to the nation’s political, military, industrial, and cultural history. Efforts to preserve the historic sites of the neighborhood have resulted in the presence of fourteen historic sites and house museums, including sites owned by the National Park Service, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and the City of Philadelphia.&#13;
&#13;
    Germantown is also a neighborhood where many of the ills that came to beset many American cities in the twentieth century are easy to spot. The 2000 census showed that one quarter of its citizens live at or below the poverty line. Germantown High School recently made national headlines when students there attacked a popular teacher, causing severe injuries. Many businesses and landmark buildings now stand shuttered in community that no longer can draw on the manufacturing or retail economy it once did.&#13;
&#13;
    Germantown’s twentieth century has seen remarkably creative approaches to contemporary problems using historic preservation at their core. What was tried, together with what succeeded and failed, help to explain how urban planning, heritage tourism, architectural preservation and museum studies have evolved in the country overall. Each decade offered examples of attempted solutions and success stories, frequently setting standards for historic preservation nationally. In Germantown’s case, history was identified early and throughout the century as a useful tool to build into an economic engine for the neighborhood. And yet, history has not proved to be as beneficial to the neighborhood as had been hoped. Why did history not provide the development spark that people thought it would?&#13;
&#13;
    The answer to this question is beset with many ironies to be explored in this study. Germantown’s greatest feature, its history, often got in the way. More specifically, the practice of history, locally and more generally, did not always help Germantown’s expressed goal to make its history more effective in the economic development of the neighborhood. Beset with many competing groups and unable to overcome entrenched traditions, Germantown’s primary selling point, its historic assets, often paradoxically served as a barrier to achieving those goals. Institutional, systemic, and cultural factors have all played in to how Germantown has not been able to take full advantage of its history for the benefit of the entire community.&#13;
&#13;
    Germantown offers a way to study life in a twentieth century city through the ways that people think about history. Germantown history shows how thinking about preservation went from a notion of attempting to seal off the past in reverent isolation to one of the responsible management of change. The former required authority, the latter requires respect for multiple narratives. The process required the evolution, over many years and many contested issues, of the historical profession as whole.</text>
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                <text>American history, historic preservation, public history, public memory, Philadelphia</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Examines New York City as a paradigmatic example of the tensions between privatization and public uses of space in the contemporary United States.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Focusing on the liberating promise of public space, The Beach Beneath the Streets examines the activist struggles of communities in New York City&amp;mdash;queer youth of color, gardeners, cyclists, and anti-gentrification activists&amp;mdash;as they transform streets, piers, and vacant lots into everyday sites for autonomy, imagination, identity formation, creativity, problem solving, and even democratic renewal. Through ethnographic accounts of contests over New York City&amp;rsquo;s public spaces that highlight the tension between resistance and repression, Benjamin Shepard and Gregory Smithsimon identify how changes in the control of public spaces&amp;mdash;parks, street corners, and plazas&amp;mdash;have reliably foreshadowed elites&amp;rsquo; shifting designs on the city at large. With an innovative taxonomy of public space, the authors frame the ways spaces as diverse as gated enclaves, luxury shopping malls, collapsing piers, and street protests can be understood in relation to one another. Synthesizing the fifty-year history of New York&amp;rsquo;s neoliberal transformation and the social movements which have opposed the process, The Beach Beneath the Streets captures the dynamics at work in the ongoing shaping of urban spaces into places of repression, expression, control, and creativity.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Benjamin Shepard &lt;/b&gt;is Assistant Professor of Human Services at New York City College of Technology, CUNY?&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Gregory Smithsimon &lt;/b&gt;is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Brooklyn College, CUNY.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>This dissertation is about a project conducted in two neighbouring municipalities, Kerkrade and Herzogenrath, both situated on the Dutch-German border. The project’s goal was to become a
single border-crossing municipality which was to be called Eurode. The main point of research
interest was, to determine to what extent the inhabitants of both towns accepted and supported these plans. The reason why we are so interested in researching this is that the integration in border regions and towns is often considered to be a test-case in European integration. Since the social and democratic legitimacy of the European Union is a much discussed topic, the legitimation of the cooperation and even integration in border regions and towns could give an insight into the public support for the European integration. Although much scientific interest has been shown concerning the identity construction of those living on the border, and the extent of cross-border economic interactions, the aspect of how legitimate such cross-border constructs are, has received far less attention. Furthermore, in the border regions it is often asserted that the spirit of cooperation and integration across borders cannot be found in those living in these border regions. However, this has not been translated into quantitative investigations regarding public support for cross-border cooperation.

This dissertation aims to give a first onset for this. It serves to mainly document this major project in cross-border-place making and (social) legitimation. The materials have been collected, organised and categorised in order to give a ‘thick description’ of the case Eurode. The story of Eurode will resemble to a great extent a historical reconstruction, for Eurode cannot be understood without considering its historical background. We will first look at an analysis of the measures taken by the local authorities of both towns to construct Eurode and to strengthen public support. After that, we will view a survey which shows the actual support lent by the inhabitants of both towns. This detailed focus, on both the construction and the reconstruction of a border-crossing municipality, adds a new dimension to the current research into borders, and in particular to the research on border regions and towns. Furthermore, the results of this survey do not only give evidence of how socially legitimate Eurode is today, but it also provides a perspective for future prospects. </text>
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Barry Bluestone
Mary Huff Stevenson

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Russell Sage Foundation

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                <text>&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
This volume documents metropolitan Boston's metamorphosis from a casualty of manufacturing decline in the 1970s to a paragon of the high-tech and service industries in the 1990s. The city's rebound has been part of a wider regional renaissance, as new commercial centers have sprung up outside the city limits. A stream of immigrants have flowed into the area, redrawing the map of ethnic relations in the city. While Boston's vaunted mind-based economy rewards the highly educated, many unskilled workers have also found opportunities servicing the city's growing health and education industries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Boston's renaissance remains uneven, and the authors identify a variety of handicaps (low education, unstable employment, single parenthood) that still hold minorities back. Nonetheless this book presents Boston as a hopeful example of how America's older cities can reinvent themselves in the wake of suburbanization and deindustrialization.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Contents:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Preface&lt;/div&gt;
1. Greater Boston in transition&lt;/div&gt;
2. The demographic revolution: From white ethnocentric to multicultural Boston&lt;/div&gt;
3. The industrial revolution: From mill-based to mind-based industries&lt;/div&gt;
4. The spatial revolution: From hub to metropolis&lt;/div&gt;
5. Who we are: How families fare in Greater Boston today&lt;/div&gt;
6. Michael Massagli - What do Boston-area residents think of one another?&lt;/div&gt;
7. Michael Massagli - Residential preferences and segregation&lt;/div&gt;
8. The labor market: How workers with limited schooling are faring in Greater Boston&lt;/div&gt;
9. The impact of human, social, and cultural capital on job slots and wages&lt;/div&gt;
10. Philip Moss and Chris Tilly - What do Boston area employers seek in their workers?&lt;/div&gt;
11. Sharing the fruits of Greater Boston's renaissance&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Barry Bluestone &lt;/b&gt;is the Russell B. and Andr&amp;eacute;e B. Stearns Trustee Professor of Political Economy and Director of the Center for Urban and Regional Policy at Northeastern University.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Mary Huff Stevenson &lt;/b&gt;is Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Massachusetts, Boston, and Senior Fellow at its McCormack Institute of Public Affairs.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;From the Introduction by Michelle Bumatay and Katelyn Knox : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; The theme of the 2009 conference, the &amp;quot;Branded City,' carries a double meaning : first, it references both the city as it has been recorded by artists (writers, painters, illustrators, musicians, architects, etc.) as well as literal and figurative inscriptions on the city, and second, it leads us to investigate the way in which cities function as a &amp;quot;brand.&amp;quot; How is the city depicted? How have French and Francophone cities influenced and branded the works of artists from around the world? How has the city been marked and thus shaped, physically or historically by the influx and outflow of people? Whereas the roundtable discussion, inspired by several conference presentations, sought to think beyond the limits of Paris, this issue of 'Paroles gel&amp;eacute;es' focuses solely on the m&amp;eacute;tropole.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Contents : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Michelle Bumatay and Katelyn Knox - Introduction&lt;/div&gt; Karen Turman - Modern transitions in 19th century Paris : Baudelaire and Renoir&lt;/div&gt; Oph&amp;eacute;lie Chavaroche - Petite hantologie du surr&amp;eacute;alisme : la part de l'ombre de la Ville-Lumi&amp;egrave;re&lt;/div&gt; Njelle Hamilton - &amp;quot;Under a foreign sky&amp;quot; : Place and displacement in James Baldwin's Giovanni's Room&lt;/div&gt; Elisabeth Tiso - Re-branding post 1945 Paris : Exhibiting powers and contemporary art&lt;/div&gt; Kate Lawrie Van de Ven - Spectacular Paris : Representations of nostalgia and desire&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Michelle Bumatay &lt;/b&gt;and &lt;b&gt;Katelyn Knox &lt;/b&gt; are graduate students in the Department of French and Francophone Studies at UCLA.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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14 April 2010

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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Cities are becoming larger, more diverse, more fluid, and less manageable than in the past. Beyond the obvious issues of infrastructure management, transportation, telecommunications, poverty, health care, migration, and education, custodians of the urban future face unprecedented challenges both from the sheer number of human beings in global urban centers and their complex needs. Furthermore, this new reality is set against a backdrop of expanding international terrorism, a neo-liberal consensus that has counseled against governments accepting responsibility for alleviating social problems, and technological changes that are restructuring everyday life.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This talk will address a variety of pertinent policy-making considerations that confront the fluidity and complexity of urban life, from ideas of the &amp;ldquo;right to the city&amp;rdquo; and humane civitas to the interrelated pragmatism found in arguments regarding sprawl and urban social sustainability.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Blair Ruble &lt;/b&gt;is Director of the Kennan Institute and Chair of the Comparative Urban Studies Project at the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington, D.C.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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