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                  <text>Les Cahiers d'EMAM sont une revue interdisciplinaire qui se propose de contribuer à la restitution des savoirs sur le monde arabe et la Méditerranée, dans leurs interférences avec le reste du monde, autour des questions urbaines et des processus de constructions/reconfigurations territoriales dans leurs dimensions sociales, économiques et politiques en encourageant les idées nouvelles et les démarches comparatives.</text>
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                <text>Nouvelles significations du quartier, nouvelles formes d’urbanité</text>
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                <text>La présente réflexion se propose d’aborder la question de l’urbanité (de la citadinité) à travers les stratégies qu’élaborent les habitants dans leur ancrage aux lieux, dans leur intégration sociale et dans leur appropriation de l’espace. L’entrée par l’appropriation (les usages, les représentations et le rapport affectif au lieu) permet d’accéder aux nouveaux modes de vie et aux formes d’adaptation et de rectification de l’organisation des espaces résidentiels auxquels ils donnent lieu. L’an...</text>
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                <text>Équipe Monde arabe Méditerranée|CITERES</text>
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                <text>http://emam.revues.org/189</text>
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                  <text>revue publiée par ERES</text>
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ESP_1994_73_0165</text>
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                <text>Espaces et sociétés, n73, 1, 1994-03-01, pp.137-164</text>
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                <text>Espaces privés, espaces publics. Privé et public comme catégories pratiques</text>
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                <text>George, Janet. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>Senanuch, Puchong</text>
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                <text>It is estimated that there are currently 3.9 million people living in urban poverty in Thailand, without the existence of an effective social assistance safety-net. This thesis presents an analysis of Thai governments’ urban poverty alleviation policy. The central aim of the thesis is to question whether Thai government policy on urban poverty alleviation can be effective for the poor and the poorest in urban slum communities. Qualitative methods are used, supported by documentary research, and the author’s own experience of being a community development worker and researcher in the urban slums of Thailand over a period of 18 years. I have endeavoured to elicit information from the range of stakeholders engaged with contemporary urban poverty alleviation policy in Bangkok. Thus the research includes the perspectives of policy makers, the poor, and the poorest. I distinguish between these latter two groups by describing those who have access to some government provision for the urban poor and those who are excluded from such provision. I interviewed 18 policy makers, 15 community savings groups committee members, and 65 of the excluded poorest. I investigated the development of policy relating to the urban poor through an analysis of key government reports and documents. I examined all of the government policy documents relating to policies for urban poverty alleviation and the Thai Governments’ five year National Economic and (later) Social Development Plans from 1961 to 2006. I also analysed each of the fifty four Government statements on their policies to the National Assembly covering this period. This research produced two major new vehicles for understanding and interpreting Thai government urban poverty alleviation policy. First, the policy document research enabled me to construct a critical account of the historical development of policy relating to the urban poor, particularly those in slum communities. Second, the interviews produced a unique view of the often desperate lives lived by some Thai citizens who are part of communities residing in what is estimated as 2,000 slums in Thailand. This view is seen through the eyes of both the urban poor and the policy makers. I found attitudes of the policy makers towards the urban poor contain a number of diverse stances, both negative and positive. The Government’s preferred way of helping, previously by housing improvements, and recently by promoting credit and loan schemes with a low interest rate to strengthen community-based organisations and emphasise self-reliance, does help some of the poor; it also excludes others. An important discussion in the thesis is about self-reliance. This is widely referred to by all stakeholders-from HM The King, through leading thinkers including Buddhist scholars, to the poorest in the slum communities. I analyse what such a concept means to each of these groups. I have found there may be little agreement, either on what is being spoken about, or what the implications of self-reliance are for helping Thailand’s poorest citizens. The thesis is also concerned with how to improve the situations of the poor. There is therefore a review of some curricula relating to the training of social/community workers to assess how well students are prepared for their work. The conclusions make some practical recommendations for change at a policy level, via civil society, and in professional education. The direct education and training of the poor is seen as crucial to any substantial improvements. My own experience, producing the thesis in a western country, is included throughout. This is in order to reflect on my learning and the challenges of researching within and outside the Thai social structure.</text>
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                <text>http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1982</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/984</text>
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                <text>University of Sydney</text>
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                <text>poverty, social policy, slum</text>
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                <text>An investigation into the policy for urban poverty alleviation in Thailand through the study of urban slum communities</text>
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                  <text>Espace populations sociétés</text>
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                <text>Sencébé, Yannick</text>
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                <text>En France, les espaces ruraux et périurbains ont connu un regain démographique important depuis les années 1980 alors même que les lois de décentralisation contribuaient à les libérer de la tutelle d’un État longtemps tout puissant dans l’aménagement de « son » territoire. Loin d’alimenter la thèse d’une renaissance rurale et d’un développement local plus autonome, cet article, qui s’appuie sur de nombreuses recherches et terrains, vise à montrer le renforcement des inégalités sociales dans les choix de mobilité et d’ancrage, d’une part, et des inégalités territoriales sur le marché de l’attractivité, d’autre part. Quatre figures de territoires synthétisent, de manière idéale-typique, la manière dont s’articulent localement des dynamiques sociodémographiques et migratoires, des relations sociales et des fonctionnements politico-institutionnels en orientant le développement dans le sens du repli protecteur qui confine à la dévitalisation, de la sélection sociale parée des atours de la durabilité, de la recherche de mixité, ou bien encore de l’ouverture compétitive. </text>
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                <text>This sociological analysis proposes a reading of the territorial dynamics by underlining the differentiation of the orientations and the levels of development concerning diverse rural and suburban areas. The contest of this research is decentralization and greater territorial competition in France. By leaning on some general reports and on the results of own inquiries, four typifies of territory are proposed : the fortress of the emptiness, the selective club, the alternative territory and the territory of the marketing. </text>
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                <text>development</text>
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                <text>mobility</text>
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                <text>Une lecture des inégalités et des différenciations de développement local à travers quatre figures de territoires</text>
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                  <text>Métropoles se veut le carrefour des travaux scientifiques issus de la plupart des disciplines en sciences sociales qui s’intéressent au fait urbain et métropolitain. Cette revue thématique souhaite présenter à la communauté académique internationale les travaux les plus significatifs et originaux issus soit des disciplines s’intéressant traditionnellement à la ville comme la géographie, la sociologie, la science politique ou l’économie, soit des disciplines qui interrogent le fait urbain depuis moins longtemps comme l’histoire  et le droit. Elle accueille les travaux produits au croisement des disciplines comme ceux de l’urbanisme, de l’aménagement ou du « planning ». Elle publie des articles en français et en anglais.</text>
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                <text>Sénécal, Gilles</text>
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                <text>Cet article passe en revue les différents modèles, depuis celui de l’école de Chicago jusqu’à celui de l’école de Los Angeles, qui représentent la forme des métropoles nord-américaines. L’analyse des métaphores, tant écologique ou gravitaire, que celles de la géographie des espaces-temps, des scènes urbaines ou du jeu keno, permet de revoir les termes du débat opposant le modèle gravitaire à celui de la métropole fragmentée. Deux questions sont ici soulevées. La première concerne l’unité des études urbaines contenue dans le modèle écologique, c’est-à-dire sa capacité de traiter de l’organisation de l’espace métropolitain et des interactions sociales réalisées à l’échelle du lieu. La seconde traite de la mobilité des personnes, c’est-à-dire de la relation entre l’organisation de l’espace métropolitain et l’espace vécu des individus. Deux constats se dégagent de l’analyse. Le premier est pour reconnaître le caractère inachevé de l’urbanisme postmoderne. La seconde souligne l’absence d’une métaphore de substitution pouvant  rendre compte de manière générale de la forme métropoles nord-américaines contemporaines. Face à quoi, il est proposé de s’inspirer de la théorie des cordes en sciences physiques. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="554962">
                <text>This paper reviews the various models representing the form of the North American metropolis, starting from the School of Chicago up to the School of Los Angeles. It examines a series of metaphors ranging from the ecological to the gravitational, as well as space-time geography, urban scene or the game Keno with the aim of reconsidering the terms of debate regarding the contrasts between the gravitational and the fragmented metropolis models. Two questions are raised. The first involves urban studies’ unity in the ecological model i.e. its capacity to consider the organization of metropolitan space and place-level social interactions. The second deals with the issue of personal mobility i.e. the relation between the organization of metropolitan space and individual lived space. Two main findings emerge from this analysis: the unfinished nature of post-modern urbanism and the lack of a replacement metaphor that provides a general perspective on the contemporary form of the North-American metropolis. In light of this, we propose to build on fundamental physics string theory. </text>
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                <text>http://metropoles.revues.org/2082</text>
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                <text>fr</text>
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                <text>metaphor</text>
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                <text>residential mobility</text>
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                <text>times geography</text>
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                <text>urban ecology</text>
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                <text>urban strings</text>
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                <text>cordes urbaines</text>
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                <text>écologie urbaine</text>
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                <text>géographie des espaces-temps</text>
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                <text>métaphore</text>
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                <text>mobilité résidentielle</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>L’analyse des métaphores et les modèles de la métropole nord-américaine : débat et proposition</text>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Istanbul</text>
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                <text>Turkey</text>
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                <text>Seni, Nora</text>
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                <text>Both in Istanbul and Venise religious minorities (Jews in Venise, Christians and Jews in Istanbul) have been submitted to clothing regulations. Their presence in the city had to obey drastic regulations. People used to live inside regiously homogenous quarters. This article tries to elucidate whether a religiously homogenous district in Istanbul, the "mahalle" is a ghetto?</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00114108</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531347">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/11/41/08/PDF/The_Mediterranean_world.pdf</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531348">
                <text>ENG</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531349">
                <text>The mediterraneanas a constitutive element of Europe</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531350">
                <text>The mediterranean World;The idea, The Past and the Present</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531351">
                <text>The mediterraneanas a constitutive element of Europe</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531352">
                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="531353">
                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="531354">
                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="531355">
                <text>[SHS:ANTHRO_SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531356">
                <text>quartier communataire</text>
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                <text>ghetto</text>
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                <text>juifs</text>
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                <text>Venise</text>
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                <text>Istanbul</text>
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                <text>segregation</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531362">
                <text>Istanbul Mahalle and Venitian Ghetto.Is the comparison relevant?</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531363">
                <text>scientific book chapter</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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                  <text>HAL</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="531395">
                <text>Seni, Nora</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="531396">
                <text>1984</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531397">
                <text>Cet article se fonde sur des édits impériaux (ferman) de l'Etat Ottoman émis du 16è au 19è sicèle(inclus) et qui légifèrent sur la présence en ville (Istanbul)des femmes et des minorités. Ces édits définissent la forme, l'épaisseur, la matière des vêtements des femmes, décrivent les lieux où leur présence est licite, les moments où elle est interdite. Ces édits imposent aux membres des communautés non musulmanes des couleurs spécifiques de chaussure et de coiffe de manière à reconnaître immédiatement qui est qui dans la ville et obtenir la transparence de l'espace urbain</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="531398">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00144148</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="531399">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/14/41/48/PDF/ville_ottomane_corps_feminin.pdf</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531401">
                <text>Les Temps Moderne</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GENRE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Gender studies</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ANTHRO_SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="531405">
                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="531406">
                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="531407">
                <text>femme</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531408">
                <text>ville</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="531409">
                <text>istanbul</text>
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                <text>ottoman</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="531411">
                <text>legislation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531412">
                <text>ferman</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531413">
                <text>vetement</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531414">
                <text>couleur</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531415">
                <text>minorités ethniques-religieuses</text>
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                <text>tranparence</text>
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                <text>modernisation</text>
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                <text>regard</text>
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                <text>voir</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531420">
                <text>Ville ottomane et Représentation du Corps Féminin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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                  <text>HAL</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="531750">
                <text>Seni, Nora</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531751">
                <text>Georgeon, François</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="531752">
                <text>1992</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531753">
                <text>La presse satirique en pleine expansion à partir des années 1870 développe une sensibilité municipale, ironise sur les disfonctionnement du service public, cela en lieu et place d'une critique -impossible- du régime politique (censure et liberté d'expression limitée)</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00147581</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531755">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/14/75/81/PDF/istan_carricatures.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531756">
                <text>FRE</text>
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                <text>Presse Turque et Presse de Turquie</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="531759">
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                <text>Called also the Rothschild of the West the Camondos an Ottoman-Jewish family of bankers and phylanthorpists family initiated important urban reforms in 19th century Istanbul. They moved later to Paris and became well known art protectors and art "collectionneurs"</text>
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                <text>Les beaux paysages au Brésil font partie de l'imaginaire d'un grand nombre de touristes qui rêvent de l'Amazonie et de Copacabana (Rio de Janeiro). La plus grande ville du pays fait cependant appel à un autre type de touristes : São Paulo est la première destination nationale pour le tourisme d'affaires et essaie de valoriser sa diversité culturelle pour composer une offre destinée à tous ceux qui débarquent sur la " terra da garoa " (pays de bruine). Comment la ville est-elle mobilisée pour recevoir ce touriste ? C'est avec le regard et la participation des habitants qui vivent cette métropole tous les jours que l'on essaiera de la dévoiler et l'ouvrir au monde.</text>
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                <text>L’urbanisation des sociétés amérindiennes constitue, depuis plusieurs décennies déjà, l’une des plus remarquables dynamiques observées en Amérique Latine. Au Chili, notamment, les mouvements migratoires en faveur des grands centres urbains ont eu pour principal effet de vider les terroirs mapuches du sud du pays. Le présent article se propose d’explorer les facteurs permettant d’expliquer ce processus. Mais, au-delà, l’analyse est plus particulièrement portée sur le fait que, d’une part, la ville constitue le lieu de formidables réélaborations identitaires et que, d’autre part, elle n’est pas déconnectée des communautés rurales d’origine, avec lesquelles les migrants continuent d’entretenir des relations. Les mobilités enregistrées ne semblent donc pas uniquement répondre à une contrainte ; elles seraient aussi un choix, voire une stratégie qui, en termes géographiques, se traduit alors par une multiplicité des ancrages territoriaux. </text>
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                <text>Since a few decades, indigenous urbanization process is one of the most striking dynamics in Latin America. In Chile, more particularly, migrations towards urban areas have emptied out the southern Mapuche lands. Beyond exploring the illustrative factors of this process, this paper pays particular attention, on the one hand, to the identity rebuilding process in town and, on the other hand, to the connections between urban areas and rural communities with whom migrants maintain relationships. Contemporary mobilities could not be seen only as a constraint, but it must be also a choice, even a strategy to locate itself in a multiplicity of embedded places </text>
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                <text>Entre villes et campagnes.Mobilités contemporaines et stratégies territoriales mapuches au Chili</text>
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                <text>Autochtonie, territoire et urbanité</text>
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                <text>La montée en puissance des mouvements autochtones sur la scène internationale s’est traduite par l’émergence de revendications territoriales questionnant fortement la légitimité de l’État et de son territoire. Envisagé comme cadre dans lequel la reconnaissance d’un hypothétique statut d’autonomie pourrait prendre corps, le territoire résonne, dans les discours des représentants autochtones, comme un véritable leitmotiv. Cet article propose d’analyser le contenu et les fondements de ces revendications à travers le cas des Mapuches du Chili qui se sont engagés, depuis plusieurs décennies, dans un vaste processus de reconstruction de leur territoire.</text>
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                <text>The current rise of international indigenous movements has produced emerging territorial claims questioning the legitimacy of the State and its territory. The possibility of framing territorial autonomy tends to percolate through discourses of indigenous leaders. This paper analyzes such claims focusing on the specific case of the Mapuche people of Chile, engaged over the last decades in the claim of their territory.</text>
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                <text>Sepulveda, Bastien</text>
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                <text>2012</text>
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                <text>http://gc.revues.org/104</text>
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                <text>Chili</text>
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                <text>Amérique latine</text>
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&#13;
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                <text>Specificity of unemployment in old industrial areas (the case of the Ruhr). Structural or structured unemployment? 
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                <text>La controverse sur la nature du chômage actuel, keynésien ou classique, laisse au moins une question en suspens : celle de savoir comment s'opère le rationnement de l'emploi entre des actifs occupés et d'autres totalement privés de travail. Partant de la typologie traditionnelle chômage frictionnel, conjoncturel, structurel, complétée par la notion de chômage structuré, Serge L. Gouazé tente de montrer sur l'exemple concret du bassin industriel de la Ruhr comment la conjonction de facteurs conjoncturels et structurels d'une part et l'existence d'autre part de certains mécanismes de sélection répartissant de façon inégale le risque de chômage entre les diverses catégories de main-d'œuvre ont entraîné - après une première phase d'assainissement « passif » du marché de l'emploi - une « structuration » du chômage de plus en plus marquée. Si, dans les années 60, le chômage dans la Ruhr était principalement structurel, depuis une dizaine d'années la particulière et inégale réactivité des entreprises de la Ruhr aux fluctuations conjoncturelles a produit un chômage « structuré » dont le chômage de longue durée et le chômage récurrent sont deux manifestations extrêmes.</text>
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                <text>Gouaze Serge L. Spécificité du chômage dans les vieux bassins industriels (sur l'exemple de la Ruhr). Chômage structurel ou chômage structuré ?. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1985-2. Chômage, non-emploi, sous-emploi. pp. 299-307.</text>
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                <text>L’image de l’analphabétisme ou de l’inculture est souvent associée à la pauvreté. Il peut sembler aller de soi que les pauvres sont peu disposés à fréquenter les bibliothèques. Il leur manquerait les ressources élémentaires pour se fondre dans un espace destiné au savoir et à la culture. Pourtant, ils sont présents dans les bibliothèques publiques et souvent beaucoup plus qu’on ne l’imagine. Ce constat prend la forme d’une énigme. Comment expliquer qu’ils les fréquentent alors que tout paraît les condamner d’avance à y tenir une place marginale, à y être dévalorisés socialement ?&#13;
&#13;
En se fondant sur une enquête qualitative (observations, entretiens approfondis) réalisée à la Bibliothèque publique d’information du Centre Pompidou à Paris, ce livre permet d’établir une correspondance entre les trois phases de la disqualification sociale (fragilité, dépendance et rupture) et des usages spécifiques de la bibliothèque correspondant à des attentes particulières, des relations contrastées avec les autres usagers et un rapport aux normes de la bibliothèque lui aussi différencié.   Fréquenter une bibliothèque est pour les pauvres un moyen de constituer et de renforcer leurs liens sociaux et, par là-même, de conjurer le processus de disqualification sociale.&#13;
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Serge Paugam est sociologue, directeur de recherche au CNRS, directeur d’études à l’EHESS et responsable de l’Équipe de recherche sur les inégalités sociales du centre Maurice Halbwachs. Spécialiste de la pauvreté et du lien social, il est notamment l’auteur de La Disqualification sociale (1991), Le Salarié de la précarité (2000), Les Formes élémentaires de la pauvreté (2005) et Le Lien social (2008).&#13;
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Camila Giorgetti est sociologue. Rattachée à l’Équipe de recherche sur les inégalités sociales, elle dirige l’entreprise d’études sociologiques C&amp;S-Cités et Sociétés. Spécialiste des SDF, elle est l’auteur, au Brésil, de Moradores de rua: uma questão social ? (2006) et Poder e Contrapoder: Imprensa e morador de rua em São Paulo e Paris (2007).</text>
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