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                <text>L'immobilier se financiarise. L'époque où ce secteur n'était pas considéré comme une&lt;br /&gt;classe d'actifs à part entière est révolue. Mais une fois que l'on a pris acte de cet état de&lt;br /&gt;fait, la question est de savoir comment travailler avec cet actif récalcitrant, hétérogène et&lt;br /&gt;illiquide. Les indices immobiliers fournissent des éléments de réponse ; notamment pour&lt;br /&gt;la gestion de portefeuille, la gestion des risques avec les produits dérivés et la gestion des&lt;br /&gt;prêts immobiliers. Dans cette thèse nous développons et nous approfondissons la&lt;br /&gt;structure de l'indice de ventes répétées de Case et Shiller en la rendant plus interprétable&lt;br /&gt;financièrement, plus maniable et plus intuitive. Nous étudions ainsi le lien fonctionnel&lt;br /&gt;entre les indices de prix et l'indice de ventes répétées. Nous présentons une méthodologie&lt;br /&gt;d'analyse de données qui, grâce à divers indicateurs, assure une exploitation de&lt;br /&gt;l'information enchâssée dans les échantillons bien supérieure à celle que l'on obtient en&lt;br /&gt;se contentant d'utiliser la procédure traditionnelle. Nous étudions la fiabilité de l'indice,&lt;br /&gt;sa volatilité et le problème des deux populations. Un procédé de quantification du&lt;br /&gt;phénomène de réversibilité est aussi développé et des éléments pour l'évaluation des&lt;br /&gt;produits dérivés sur indices immobiliers sont présentés. Enfin, cette problématique&lt;br /&gt;aboutira à l'introduction du concept d'indice informationnel et l'on posera la question&lt;br /&gt;centrale pour toute construction d'indice : Comment quantifier l'information ?</text>
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                <text>Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX</text>
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                <text>[MATH] Mathematics</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and finances</text>
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                <text>Une reformulation informationnelle de l'indice de ventes répétées - Applications et conséquences pour la mesure du prix de marché de l'immobilier</text>
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                <text>Cette étude consacrée aux Tunisiens dans l'agglomération lyonnaise s'intègre dans le cadre des recherches entreprises sur les Maghrébins en France et placées sous la responsabilité de l'Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques. L'objet de ce travail est d'effectuer une recherche précise sur l'implantation des Tunisiens à Lyon à partir des sources statistiques disponibles.</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>répartition géographique</text>
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                <text>Les Tunisiens dans l'agglomération lyonnaise</text>
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                <text>Alger</text>
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                <text>Le caractère généralement temporaire de l'émigration tunisienne, les transferts financiers qui en résultent, les liens très étroits conservés avec les communautés d'origine font que celles-ci s'intègrent progressivement à la zone d'influence des grandes cités extérieures. Sans cette perspective le rôle de ces villes dans les problèmes de développement régional ne doit pas être négligé : tel est l'objet de cette communication sur le Sud-Tunisien.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00643315</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/64/33/15/PDF/SIMON_1970_campagnes_du_sud_tunisien.pdf</text>
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                <text>2e Colloque de géographie maghrébine</text>
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                <text>émigration</text>
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                <text>Campagnes du sud-tunisien et grandes villes françaises</text>
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                <text>S'il existe de nombreux travaux sur la migration ouvrière, aucune étude n'a encore été publiée - à notre connaissance - sur les étrangers dans le secteur commercial. Certes, la population concernée (employeurs et salariés) est relativement faible par rapport à l'ensemble des étrangers travaillant dans les autres grands secteurs d'activité (bâtiment et travaux publics, industrie). Mais - sans même tenir compte du capital susceptible d'être réalisé le cas échéant - l'importance des ressources annuelles de cette catégorie professionnelle représente une part de revenu des travailleurs étrangers qui est certainement très supérieure à celle des effectifs correspondants. D'autre part, à côté de ce rôle économique, le petit commerçant possède, dans les quartiers de travail et de résidence fréquentés par les immigrés, une fonction sociale manifeste dont il serait intéressant de définir les contours et de mettre à jour les mécanismes. Le but de cette étude n'est pas d'envisager l'ensemble de ce domaine, qui reste encore presque totalement ignoré des chercheurs, mais qui est probablement l'un des plus typés en la matière - de poser les premiers jalons d'une recherche en ce domaine.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00610639</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/61/06/39/PDF/SIMON_1976_une_approche_du_petit_commerce_etranger.pdf</text>
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                <text>Recherches sur les migrations</text>
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                <text>Une approche du petit commerce étranger en France : exemple des commerçants tunisiens</text>
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                <text>Les « guide-interprètes » constituent des médiateurs entre les touristes et les espaces. Incarnant une présence physique en mesure d’aider les touristes en les informant sur la ville, ils opèrent comme prescripteurs de choses à voir et à faire. S’ils officient très diversement selon les touristes qu’ils accompagnent, ils exercent toujours leur pratique dans une logique de production de discours sur la ville. À Paris, la dimension muséale et patrimoniale constitue depuis longtemps le socle de l’attractivité touristique, qui continue de capitaliser sur des imaginaires et des pratiques liés à la grande ville d’Art et d’Histoire. Face à la constitution de ce référentiel dominant qui opère comme une force d’ « imposition », les guide-interprètes tentent néanmoins de décentrer le regard par des prescriptions délestées des symboles. C’est cette « tension » entre cet ensemble de références touristiques « à voir » et le souci de montrer la ville dans sa pluralité que nous analysons. Ces éléments nourrissent la réflexion actuelle sur les formes polarisées du tourisme à Paris et l’importance de la production de référents urbains plus contemporains que promeut la municipalité. </text>
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&#13;
Au Moyen Âge, d'abord éloge obligé de la ville comme des rois qui la gouvernent, l'histoire de Paris adopte peu à peu un regard plus critique et plus personnel. Avec l'avènement de l'imprimerie au XVe siècle, les grands chantiers de François Ier comme le palais du Louvre et le marché des Halles, l'apparition de cosmographies détaillant ce vaste monde que l'on sillonne en tous sens, les livres sur Paris s'enrichissent de panoramas et de plans. L'offre se diversifie - du bref guide pratique à l'imposant ouvrage savant - et éditeurs et libraires se livrent à une concurrence féroce, à l'affût des demandes pressantes d'une clientèle toujours plus nombreuse. Parmi les auteurs, ce sont sans nul doute les étrangers, à la liberté d'appréciation plus grande, qui n'hésitent pas à dénoncer les travers de la capitale. Au XVIIIe siècle, Nicolas Restif de La Bretonne dans ses Nuits de Paris et Louis Sébastien Mercier dans son Tableau de Paris leur emboîteront le pas, révélant des sentiments ambivalents et parfois violents, envers une ville qu'ils rêvent de débarrasser de son passé médiéval et de purifier de ses maux (prostitution, inégalités sociales, exiguïté et saleté des rues...). Le chemin qui mènera de la Révolution à la modernisation à marche forcée de la capitale par le baron Haussmann paraît déjà tout tracé...&#13;
&#13;
Professeur émérite d’histoire médiévale à l’université de Paris VIII-Saint-Denis, Simone Roux s’est surtout consacrée à l’histoire de Paris et de la société urbaine aux XIVe-XVe siècles (Paris au Moyen-Age, Hachette, coll. « La vie quotidienne », 2004 ; Le monde des villes au Moyen-Age, XIe-XVe siècle, Hachette, coll. « Carré Histoire », 2004).</text>
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                <text>Connue sous l'ancien nom de Mogador, la ville d'Essaouira (Atlas atlantique), construite à la fin du XVIIIème siècle, est un site portuaire et fortifié, qui a vu son essor urbain se prolonger jusqu'au milieu du XXème siècle. Elle est entourée à l'origine, d'une forêt dense de genévriers de Phénicie (Juniperus Phoenicea) couvrant 14 000 ha de manière homogène, du trait de côte jusqu'aux plateaux intérieurs (à une quinzaine de kilomètres du littoral). Cette formation vient alors se mêler et céder le pas progressivement à des peuplements de thuyas (Tetraclinis articulata) et d'arganiers (Argania spinosa). L'édification de la ville et son développement ont nécessité d'importants besoins en bois de construction et de chauffage principalement. Les boisements de genévriers situés aux portes de la ville ont fait l'objet d'une exploitation massive et incontrôlée ne considérant pas l'arbre comme un élément vivant et donc ne respectant aucune règle sylvicole. La pression exercée sur le milieu végétal s'est accompagnée d'un pâturage traditionnel, extensif et soutenu. Cet élevage pratiqué par les populations riveraines est majoritairement caprin, mais aussi ovin, bovin et camelin. Conjointement au déboisement, il n'a fait que renforcer le déséquilibre créé en empêchant les jeunes repousses et les rejets de se développer (broutement et piétinement). Tant et si bien qu'au début du siècle, la forêt de genévriers a complètement disparu dans un rayon de 8 à 15 km, excepté quelques isolats résiduels. A sa place se sont installés des sables mobiles d'origine marine et terrestre apportés par l'alizé. La vitesse de déplacement de ces formations dunaires pouvant atteindre 40 à 150 m/an, l'accès à la ville est fréquemment coupé depuis le début du XIXème siècle. Seules les caravanes de chameaux permettaient de franchir ces obstacles qui renforçaient nettement l'isolement naturel d'Essaouira. Un plan de reboisement a été mis en place à partir de 1914. Les travaux effectués jusqu'en 1987ont portés leur fruits puisque les résultats obtenus se sont avérés nettement plus positifs que les espoirs qu'ils portaient. Aujourd'hui, 11 444 ha sont reboisés. Les dunes vives sont donc fixées et végétalisées. Aussi le genévrier de Phénicie recolonise progressivement les lisières intérieures des dunes par une remontée biologique spectaculaire. Cela dit, le nouvel équilibre installé reste plus précaire que ne l'était l'équilibre naturel. En effet, des réactivations locales sont perçues depuis peu et l'érosion éolienne est en passe de reprendre son action dévastatrice. En 1994 encore, il était surprenant de constater qu'à l'intérieur de la médina les ruelles étaient envahies de sables malgré la protection de hauts remparts. Sous l'effet du vent violent et continu, qui souffle presque toute l'année, la menace de reprise reste constante. Les aménagements réalisés ont un but de protection et non d'exploitation. Le milieu dunaire est très fragile et toute nouvelle atteinte à son couvert végétal impliquerait un déséquilibre supplémentaire. Elle renforcerait l'érosion de sols peu évolués mais en cours de pédogénèse, l'ensablement qui anéantit l'agriculture dans l'arrière-pays, isole la ville et favorise des conditions atmosphériques insoutenables pour la population. Les délits de coupe et le non-respect des mises en défens sont encore trop fréquents.</text>
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                <text>Aménagement</text>
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                <text>ESSAOUIRA : NAISSANCE D'UNE VILLE ET IMPACT DE SES ACTIVITÉS SUR LE MILIEU</text>
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                <text>L'analyse de quelques étapes significatives de l'évolution des qualités d'ambiance dans les musées français au XXe siècle permet de cerner le lien entre lieu de conservation et création d'un univers sensible. Les phénomènes d'ambiance sont partagés entre des contraintes climatiques fortes et l'originalité des propositions muséographiques censées faciliter la relation à l'œuvre. Des premières théories qui ont inauguré une tendance institutionnelle et muséographique radicalement moderne à partir des années trente aux musées-évènements symboles des pouvoirs politiques, on constatera une attention sans cesse accrue portée aux ambiances des espaces d'exposition et qui a progressivement contribué à l'ouverture des musées au grand public.</text>
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                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Ambiance et relation à l'œuvre - Perspective historique sur les musées français au XXe siècle</text>
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                  <text>HAL</text>
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                <text>Montreal</text>
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                <text>Canada</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Simonnot, Nathalie</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2012</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>The international community takes up arms more and more frequently against loss or failure of a district or a building where the atmosphere is typical of a historical identity. As a memorial relic, the atmosphere and its urban or architectural matrix, are sometimes recovered by heritage policies to transform them into static or frozen objects. Is it possible, or desirable, to make these environments a part of our cultural inheritance and, by the way, convert them into economical objects? Which values do they seek to defend? And, finally, what does this request of cultural inheritance means for our societies and their view toward the future?</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="485304">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00745523</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="485305">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/74/55/23/PDF/ambiances2012_simonnot.pdf</text>
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                <text>Ambiances in action. Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Ambiances / Ambiances en acte(s). Actes du 2nd Congrès International sur les Ambiances</text>
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                <text>Ambiances in action / Ambiances en acte(s) - International Congress on Ambiances, Montreal 2012</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
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                <text>Second International Congress on Ambiances</text>
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                <text>History</text>
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                <text>Memory</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="485314">
                <text>Cultural Heritage</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="485315">
                <text>Ambiances in action</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="485316">
                <text>Le paradoxe de la patrimonialisation des ambiances</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>conference proceeding</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="195418">
                <text>Simpson, Ewan</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="195420">
                <text>This thesis investigates the impact of attempts to stimulate private sector involvement and investment in the urban regeneration process, looking at the case of urban regeneration institutions operating, and policies implemented, in disadvantaged areas of the city of Glasgow. Successive governments; analyses of the urban problem and the perceived role of the private sector in these are critically analysed and an alternative advanced. The history of attempts to stimulate private sector participation in the regeneration process in the USA and UK is discussed to introduce the delivery structures and policies pursued in Glasgow in the post war period. A review of the economic history of the city and the characteristics of its disadvantaged areas highlight the weakness of the city economy and the scale of the regeneration problem. The key original fieldwork elements of the thesis investigate the findings of a survey of attitudes in the private sector towards the regeneration process, the impacts of private sector participation in organisational structures and attempts to stimulate investment through the labour and property market. Further, a survey of key players in the business community assesses private sector attitudes to the regeneration process. The research argues that the rationales for stimulating participation advanced by proponents are flawed. Those concerned with organisational aspects confuse concerns over ownership with those of effective management. In investment terms there are major weaknesses in the attempt to adapt market failure policies to fundamentally redistributive issues. Analysis of policy history shows that there has been convergence towards a holistic approach attempting to address both growth and redistributive issues and that the City of Glasgow is a good example of this. Empirical evidence shows that business opinion is relatively well informed about the issues to be addressed but not about the agencies charged with delivering policy. Although the importance of the issues is recognised, attitudes in the private sector are largely negative on the potential for additional intervention from this source to assist in their resolution. The impacts of participation on delivery structures are limited because a public sector culture and funding structure dominates, allowing private sector representatives to input only at the margins. </text>
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                <text>http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2740/</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="195422">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/1169</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="195424">
                <text>en</text>
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                <text>University of Glasgow</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195426">
                <text>private sector, private investment, urban regeneration, Glasgow</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>The impacts of attempts to stimulate private sector involvement and investment in the urban regeneration process: The case of the city of Glasgow</text>
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                <text>Thesis</text>
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                <text>AFRIQUE SUBSAHARIENNE</text>
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                <text>L'identification du patrimoine architectural et urbain comme sa conservation posent, en Afrique de l'Ouest, de nombreuses questions. Le domaine, relativement nouveau, ne s'appréhende pas toujours sous les mêmes formes que dans le monde occidental. Nous avons choisi d'évoquer ici quelques-unes de ces questions à partir de l'analyse du patrimoine bâti de Ouidah, au Bénin. Après avoir présenté les caractéristiques du patrimoine dans cette ville, nous aborderons à partir de cet exemple quelques problèmes méthodologiques que l'on retrouve dans bien d'autres cités (d'Afrique de l'ouest en particulier) : la relativité du concept de patrimoine, la spécificité de l'espace bâti et sa valeur de patrimoine, les contraintes foncières et enfin la question des types d'actions à envisager et leurs acteurs. (Résumé d'auteur)</text>
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                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:37908</text>
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                <text>Sinou Alain. La valorisation du patrimoine architectural et urbain : l'exemple de la ville de Ouidah au Bénin. Cahiers des Sciences Humaines, 1993, 29 (1), p. 33-51. </text>
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                <text>ORSTOM</text>
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                <text>PATRIMOINE CULTUREL</text>
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                <text>La valorisation du patrimoine architectural et urbain : l'exemple de la ville de Ouidah au Bénin</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644247">
                  <text>Urbanisation et sociétés urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>SENEGAL</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="362245">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="362247">
                <text>On peut comparer le traçé de plusieurs villes africaines au Sud du Sahara aux modèles occidentaux. Cependant longtemps avant la colonisation, l'urbanisation avait pris forme autour des comptoirs le long de la côte. Pendant plus d'un siècle des types originaux d'organisation et de pratique spatiale s'y sont développés. Bien que ni bien connus, ni formalisés, ceux-ci n'ont pas disparu avec la colonisation mais ont fortement affecté les formes des villes comme l'histoire du développement de Saint Louis au début du 19° siècle le montre. (D'après le résumé de l'auteur)</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="362248">
                <text>text/pdf</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="362249">
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              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="362250">
                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:34510</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="362251">
                <text>Sinou Alain. Saint-Louis du Sénégal au début du 19° siècle : du comptoir à la ville. In :   Rivages II. Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines, 1989, p. 377-395. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="362252">
                <text>FR</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="362253">
                <text>VILLE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="362254">
                <text>HISTOIRE URBAINE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="362255">
                <text>ECONOMIE DE TRAITE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="362256">
                <text>URBANISME</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="362257">
                <text>SEGREGATION</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="362258">
                <text>COLONISATION</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="362259">
                <text>POLITIQUE URBAINE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="362260">
                <text>ADMINISTRATION COLONIALE</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>SIECLE 19</text>
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                <text>VILLE COLONIALE</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="362263">
                <text>Saint-Louis du Sénégal au début du 19° siècle : du comptoir à la ville</text>
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                <text>Rivages II</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644249">
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            <name>Contributor</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="362922">
                <text>Coquery-Vidrovitch, C. (ed.)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>SENEGAL</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="362924">
                <text>DAKAR</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="362925">
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            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>1988</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Format</name>
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                <text>text/pdf</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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              <elementText elementTextId="362929">
                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:27357</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="362930">
                <text>Sinou Alain. Urbanisme et colonialisme : la production de la ville indigène au Sénégal au début du XXe siècle. In : Coquery-Vidrovitch C. (ed.)  Processus d'urbanisation en Afrique. Paris : L'Harmattan, 1988, p. 25-37. (Villes et Entreprises). Processus d'Urbanisation et Composantes Sociales de la Ville en Afrique : Table Ronde, Paris (FRA), 1985/12/11-12</text>
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              </elementText>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>L'Harmattan</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="362934">
                <text>COLONIALISME</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="362935">
                <text>VILLE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="362939">
                <text>POLITIQUE URBAINE</text>
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                <text>HISTOIRE URBAINE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="362941">
                <text>ETUDE DE CAS</text>
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                <text>Urbanisme et colonialisme : la production de la ville indigène au Sénégal au début du XXe siècle</text>
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                <text>Processus d'urbanisation en Afrique</text>
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