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                <text>The shape of the new American city conference</text>
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                <text>tats-Unis, United States, économie, démographie, environnement urbain, infrastructure, croissance urbaine, logement, politique urbaine, société urbaine, planification, mutation urbaine</text>
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                <text>24-25 October 2008 </text>
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                <text>http://itunes.apple.com/itunes-u/the-shape-new-american-city/id433166834</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the distributor:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Cities are the engines of metropolitan growth in the U.S. economy today. But key economic, demographics and environmental challenges threaten this role. Home to enormous economic disparities, struggling schools, rapidly changing populations, and an infrastructure under increasing environmental pressure, our cities are also places of great social and economic opportunity, deep and diverse cultural resources, and impressive innovation. What are the issues facing cities, the effect of policy decisions in the past, and the potential for significant shift in metropolitan spatial structure in the next half century?&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; special volume of The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science&lt;/a&gt; on how these forces are transforming the American city.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Podcasts:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Camille Cate Barnett - Welcome&lt;/div&gt; Kenneth T. Jackson - Federal policy and urban decline: How does the past influence the future?; Questions and Answers&lt;/div&gt; Andrew Haghwout - Cities and economic growth&lt;/div&gt; Ingrid Gould Ellen - Crime and U.S. cities: Recent patterns and implications&lt;/div&gt; Saskia Sassen - Re-assembling the urban economy: Today's challenges and potentials&lt;/div&gt; Douglas S. Massey - The changing bases of ecological segregation in the United States&lt;/div&gt; Dowell Myers - Urban demographics 1950 to 2050: Waves of change marking turning points for the American city&lt;/div&gt; Susan M. Wachter - Urban growth and housing affordability: The conflict&lt;/div&gt; Domenic Vitiello - Q &amp;amp; A on urban demographics&lt;/div&gt; John Landis - Metropolitan spatial development trends: A comprehensive view and prospect&lt;/div&gt; Eug&amp;eacute;nie L. Birch - The new downtown revisited&lt;/div&gt; Arthur C. Nelson - The new urbanity: Demographic and preference drivers that will reshape America's metropolitan areas to mid-century&lt;/div&gt; Georgette Phillips - Q&amp;amp;A on the metropolitan footprint&lt;/div&gt; Marilyn Taylor - Public investment in cities introduction&lt;/div&gt; Robert Cervero - Infrastructure and global competitiveness: Balancing services and place-making&lt;/div&gt; Rae Zimmerman - Making infrastructure competitive in a changing world through investment&lt;/div&gt; Steve Mullin - Public investment in cities discussion&lt;/div&gt; Marilyn Taylor - Q&amp;amp;A on public investment in American cities&lt;/div&gt; Howard Fineman, Chris Mathews, Eugenie Birch, Susan Wachter, David Lei, Ashwin Shandilya; moderated by Phyllis Kaniss - Public policy roundtable (video or audio formats available)&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>L'Hostis, Alain</text>
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                <text>On the one hand the present globalisation process has only been made possible through a reduction of time-distances allowed by high speeds, and particularly through the development of the air mode. On the other hand the metropolisation process seen as the urban counterpart of globalisation is deeply associated with the development of air platforms. Understanding distances between places is a fundamental task for the geographer, while the representation of distances constitutes one of the major functions of cartography. Among the types of maps invented to represent time-space anamorphosis have been supplemented in the 1990's with time-space relief cartography. This paper proposes a representation of the time-space relief of the USA considering terrestrial and air modes. This last point constitutes a key innovation among this type of cartography, giving the possibility to build a representation of global time-space. The metaphors associated with the images proposed are then discussed evocating the shrinking, the crumpling and finally the shrivelling of time-space. The shrivelling metaphor renders account of the complicate contraction/dilatation movement that thigh speeds provokes on space and allows for a rich interpretation of the time-space relief map of the USA in the perspective of the processes of globalisation and metropolisation.</text>
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                <text>Journal of Transport Geography</text>
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                <text>ISSN:0966-6923</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>The shrivelled USA: Representing time-space in the context of metropolisation and the development high speeds</text>
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                <text>Akoth, Steve</text>
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                <text>Our era is often described as a moment of globalization and urbanization. The two words, often used interchangeably, describe movements and concentration of populations in 'new' places often Diasporas described as centers of 'development'. At both global and local levels, the new places of development promise opportunities for progress and self realization for both national and global citizens. This paper explores the ambiguous status of urban areas as centers for progress and realization of cosmopolitan citizenship in 21st Century Africa. The discussion is based on cases from Nairobi, Kenya and Harare, Zimbabwe where post-colonial governments are under pressure to adhere to 'master plans' and elevate Nairobi and Harare to Western Capitalist models of metropolitan. The debate on slums/shacks is revisited, not just as multiple modernities, but as instrumental spaces of disrupting the nationalist project and globalization narratives. Any future work in urban centres cannot ignore the forms of modernities being developed and practiced by a category that is now commonly known as the 'urban poor'.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00751848</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/75/18/48/PDF/Steven_Akoth_-_SLUM_SHACKS_IN_NAIROBI_HARARE.pdf</text>
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                <text>Les cahiers d'Afrique de l'est</text>
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                <text>[SHS:SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>Slums</text>
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                <text>Shaks</text>
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                <text>Citizenship</text>
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                <text>urbanization</text>
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                <text>The Slum/Shacks Question and the Making of 21st Century Political Citizenship in Postcolonial Nairobi, Kenya and Harare, Zimbabwe</text>
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                <text>Franzén, Mats. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>Jonsson, Ulf. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>Deland, Mats</text>
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                <text>This dissertation deals with the period bridging the era of extreme housing shortages in Stockholm on the eve of industrialisation and the much admired programmes of housing provision that followed after the second world war, when Stockholm district Vällingby became an example for underground railway-serviced ”new towns”. It is argued that important changes were made in the housing and town planning policy in Stockholm in this period that paved the way for the successful ensuing period. Foremost among these changes was the uniquely developed practice of municipal leaseholding with the help of site leasehold rights (Erbbaurecht).

The study is informed by recent developments in Foucauldian social research, which go under the heading ’governmentality’. Developments within urban planning are understood as different solutions to the problem of urban order. To a large extent, urban and housing policies changed during the period from direct interventions into the lives of inhabitants connected to a liberal understanding of housing provision, to the building of a disciplinary city, and the conduct of ’governmental’ power, building on increased activity on behalf of the local state to provide housing and the integration and co-operation of large collectives. Municipal leaseholding was a fundamental means for the implementation of this policy.

When the new policies were introduced, they were limited to the outer parts of the city and administered by special administrative bodies. This administrative and spatial separation was largely upheld throughout the period, and represented as the parallel building of a ’social’ outer city, while things in the inner ’mercantile’ city proceeded more or less as before. This separation was founded in a radical difference in land holding policy: while sites in the inner city were privatised and sold at market values, land in the outer city was mostly leasehold land, distributed according to administrative – and thus politically decided – priorities.

These differences were also understood and acknowledged by the inhabitants. Thorough studies of the local press and the organisational life of the southern parts of the outer city reveals that the local identity was tightly connected with the representations connected to the different land holding systems. Inhabitants in the south-western parts of the city, which in this period was still largely built on private sites, displayed a spatial understanding built on the contradictions between centre and periphery. The inhabitants living on leaseholding sites, however, showed a clear understanding of their position as members of model communities, tightly connected to the policy of the municipal administration. The organisations on leaseholding sites also displayed a deep co-operation with the administration. As the analyses of election results show, the inhabitants also seemed to have felt a greater degree of integration with the society at large, than people living in other parts of the city. The leaseholding system in Stockholm has persisted until today and has been one of the strongest in the world, although the local neo-liberal politicians are currently disposing it off.</text>
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                <text>http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1240</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/903</text>
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                <text>Stockholm University </text>
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                <text>social housing, housing policy, new town, governance, local authorities, inhabitants, identity, suburb</text>
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                  <text>Articulo – Journal of Urban Research est une publication en ligne à comité de lecture qui se consacre aux questions urbaines. Multidisciplinaire, la revue publie des contributions théoriques et empiriques portant sur les transformations sociales, environnementales et économiques des villes et des régions urbaines. Elle sert de forum international aux scientifiques et praticiens travaillant sur les problématiques urbaines dans le monde.</text>
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                <text>This article contributes to the study of the geographical concentration of financial investments in real estate markets. It demonstrates the social construction process at work in the evolution of real estate market risks. The objective is to highlight the conditions that allow or impede the implementation of ‘opportunistic’ and ‘conservative’ risk strategies. By analyzing the market entry of financial investors in the Cuautitlan industrial real estate market - an ‘emerging’ real estate market in Mexico City - this paper demonstrates that, due to the joint action of land developers, non-financial as well as financial real estate investors, this market moved from being ‘too risky’ to becoming an opportunistic market, and then a conservative one. There were two important phases in the transformation process. First, the contribution of land developers was fundamental to the transformation of the market from being too risky to being opportunistic from the perspective of financial investors. Two different types of land developers are evident: some are not willing to help financial investors’ entry in the market while others developed a business plan designed to facilitate financial investments. In the second phase of the market’s risks transformation, opportunistic financial investors enabled the conditions for the arrival of conservative financial investors, thanks to their presence in emerging markets and the diffusion of information. </text>
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                <text>The social construction of real estate market risk. The case of a financial investments cluster in Mexico City</text>
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                <text>The aim of this article was to assess specific problems concerning traffic congestion access to the city of Paris. First, we attempted to evaluate the evolution of the congestion cost for the Paris Ring-Road (PRR), the major urban highway surrounding the French capital, during the period from 2000-2007. A speed-density methodology was implemented which enabled us to differentiate the external costs of road congestion between speed-classes of 5 km/h. These results were useful to subsequently propose the order of magnitude of time losses at national and regional scales, as well as marginal pricing schemes which could potentially be used in order to correct road congestion externality on the PRR. Our empirical investigation concluded that, in 2007, the PRR was more costly for central Paris area (130 M€) compared to that of seven years earlier (117 M€). The deterioration of traffic conditions, symbolized by the mean speed fall (- 5.2 %), dominates the infrastructure least used (- 2.2 %). Based on these figures, the social cost of road congestion is thought to reach about 0.2 % of the French GDP. This ratio becomes three times higher once reported on a regional scale and underlines that road congestion is an important issue for Ile-de-France. Finally, despite their analytical limitations, the proposed taxes clearly illustrate the challenges related to road-pricing strategies.</text>
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                <text>The Social Cost of Road Congestion in Ile-de-France Region (and France): Empirical Evidences from the Paris Ring-Road</text>
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                <text>Linnet, Jeppe Trolle</text>
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                <text>Based on ethnographic observations and interviews in cafés in Copenhagen, and online descriptions in which users review their experience of cafés, this paper focuses on how materiality and sociality inter-relate to constitute a relaxed, pleasant sense of atmosphere: that which in Denmark as known as "hygge". Specific attention is given to material structures and social practices that create a sense of interiority.</text>
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                <text>Ambiances in action. Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Ambiances / Ambiances en acte(s). Actes du 2nd Congrès International sur les Ambiances</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
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                <text>The social-material performance of cozy interiority</text>
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                <text>Contents :
I. The beginnings of city life :
1. The origin of city life
2. The emergence of urbanism
II. The location of the city :
1. The urban site
2. General geographic location
III. The physical setting of city life :
1. The developmental history of Rome as an epitome of the principles of urban structure and growth
2. The structure of the city
3. The city and its region
IV. City growth and its control (city and regional planning):
1. Types and direction of urban growth
2. The extent of urban growth
3. The consequences of urban growth
4. The control of city growth - city and regional planning
V. The dweller in the city -
1. The size of urban populations
2. The composition of urban populations
3. Births and deaths
VI. The urban way of life - the impact of the city upon personality
1. The conditioned responses characteristic of city life
2. The significance of conditioning influences characteristic of city life
VII. The urban way of life - work, home, worship, recreation:
1. Work
2. Home
3. Recreation
4. Religion
VII. The debit side of city life - poverty :
1. Poverty
IX. The debit side of city life - crime and vice :
1. Crime
2. Organized vice
X. The debit side of city life - mental deficiency - mental disease - suicide
1. Mental deficiency and mental disease
XI. The economy of city life :
1. The supply services of the city
2. Waste disposal in the city
XII. The econonmy of city life - public utilities - public services - government and administration :
1. Public utilities and public services
2. Government and administration
XIII. The urban prospect
1. Short-run trends in city life
2. The urban outcome
XIV. The urban outcome - an historical postscript :
1. Existing tendencies in city life
2. Possible alternative outcomes of existing tendencies
3. Possible fundamental changes in the nature of city life
4. An historical postscript
Niles Carpenter was Head of the Sociology Department and Dean of the School of Social Work at the University of Buffalo.</text>
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                <text>, territoire, société urbaine, sociologie urbaine, aménagement urbain, community, communauté, écologie urbaine, culture urbaine, démographie, Boskoff Alvin</text>
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                <text>Extract from the Preface :
An understanding of modern man's increasingly typical habitat - the city and the urban region - is a practical necessity for almost everyone... In this work, I have tried to present an organized review and interpretation of the sociologist's work on the nature of contemporary urban regions as clusters of areas that seem to form a new kind of community. Specifically, considerable attention has been given to : (1) the unique features of urban communities; (2) the historical background of modern urbanism; (3) the continuous changes and adjustments in values and organization that accompany urban development; and (4) the rise of urban planning as an attempt to preserve the essence of urban life under conditions of rapid social and cultural change. Where possible, examples have been drawn from urban regions in various parts of the world; however, the primary focus is on the United States and modern European settings.
Contents :
Part I - Orientation to human communities :
1. The sociological approach to the community and region
2. The city as an emergent type of community
3. The problem of classifying urban regions
Part II - The interplay of demographic, ecological, and cultural themes :
4. The people of urban regions : Basic population characteristics and trends
5. Ecological organization : Understanding the socio-geographic differentiation of urban communities
6. The dynamics of urban ecological patterns
7. Emergence and structure of the urban region : Suburb, satellite, and fringe
Part III - Social organization and cultural foci of the urban region
8. Primary groups
9. Voluntary groups and formal associations
10. Social class divisions in urban regions
11. Major urban institutions : Economic, political, and religious
12. New institutional forms : Urban education and social welfare
13. Mass communications and urban leisure : A new urban ethic
14. The urban regional system : A changing equilibrium
Part IV - Urban planning and social problems :
15. Social problems and the urban region
16. Planning as an urban institution
17. Corrective planning
18. Creative planning : An application of urban sociology
Alvin Boskoff is Emeritus Professor of Sociology, Emory University.</text>
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                <text>Canada</text>
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                <text>The sonic niche is a design tool I first conceived for the project Soundscapes Oltrarno, in its "digital" version, where we can see it realized through the application of "Spot Sounds" and the use of new digital technologies. I subsequently theorized it in my doctoral dissertation as "a relational sonic space of intimacy and sharing whose changing boundaries are defined each time by its own structural and sound qualities" (Radicchi, 2010). The expressive possibilities offered by the sonic niche, in addition to its digital approach, are many. It is possible to change shapes, materials and soundscapes according to the purpose to be achieved and the place of its setting. The paper presents several design projects where the sonic niche was applied to enhance and create urban atmospheres in the city of Florence (IT): Soundscapes Oltrarno, SMLXL, Le Piagge: Listen!</text>
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                <text>Ambiances in action. Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Ambiances / Ambiances en acte(s). Actes du 2nd Congrès International sur les Ambiances</text>
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                <text>The sonic niche - A new design tool to enhance and create atmospheres with sounds in the contemporary city</text>
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                <text>Sutcliffe, Michael</text>
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                <text>The first democratic municipal elections, held on 5 December 2000 brought to an end the interim system of local government and put in its place a democratic system based on the South african Constitution.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00766930</text>
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                <text>Territorial restructurings, comparisons and innovations Proceedings of the French‐South African meeting on territorial innovation. Recompositions territoriales : confronter et innover. Actes des rencontres scientifiques franco‐sud-africaines de l'innovation territoriale</text>
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                <text>Rencontres scientifiques franco-Sud-Africaines de l'innovation territoriale</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>municipal governance</text>
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                <text>The South African municipal demarcation process</text>
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                <text>Rosemann, H. J. Promotor</text>
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                <text>Tunas, Devisari</text>
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                <text>In the rapidly urbanizing world, the informal settlement has been forming a significant part of the common urban scene in many cities in the developing countries. It holds a particular role in the city as it houses millions of urban poor who has no access to the public housing. However it does not only offer accommodation but also economic opportunities that enables the inhabitants to survive. The informal settlement displays a very specific and particular mechanism of survival that is significantly characterized by the notion of flexibility in term of production and spatial occupation.

This research aims to investigate the local spatial economy or the spatial dynamic of survivability in the informal settlement. It focuses on the notion of space and locations of the process of survival in such settlement by analyzing the way the spaces are organized and negotiated as one of the most important tool of production and the place of production. It analyzes the dynamics by relating it to the notions of the social capital and the life chances in the informal settlement.

Moreover in order to offer a deeper understanding of the problem, apart from the looking at the actual and the localized problem, it will also look at the root of the problems by relating it to its past as an element of a colonial city; and analyse the major economic forces that contribute to its creation by relating it with the Dual City theory in order to accentuate the nature of the problem and its position in the metropolitan context. The research employs the case of kampong to illustrate the case of the informal settlement in the city of Jakarta, Indonesia. The result of the research shows that the dynamic of the survivability in the informal settlement is characterized by a multi-tier relationship between the formal and the informal economy. The continuity of its production is related to the wider economic sector; namely the formal sector, that creates demands and economic opportunities for them. It is also strongly bounded with its actual location; dislocation would therefore destroy the local livelihood. The local economic activities are also determined by the flexibility of the local spatial organization and production. These particular characters enable the inhabitants to manoeuvre in order to survive amidst the limited capital and resource. The process of production is highly depended on the intensity social relation that makes the spatial negotiation and the flexible production possible to take place. The local survivability therefore is in the same time very flexible and fragile. </text>
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                <text>http://repository.tudelft.nl/view/ir/uuid:f44a80b2-3b4e-4c5b-ad97-bd249e537c54/</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/995</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194295">
                <text>International Forum on Urbanism</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>informal settlement, kampong, poverty, spatial analysis, urban space, economics, spatial economy, slum, colonial city, urban society</text>
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                <text>The spatial economy in the urban informal settlement</text>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="334521">
                <text>The spatial syntax of urban segregation</text>
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                <text>, analyse spatiale, aménagement de l'espace, forme urbaine, ségrégation sociale, ségrégation urbaine, ségrégation résidentielle, pauvreté, logement social, transport, exclusion, Vaughan Laura</text>
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2007

</text>
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UCL Discovery

</text>
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67</text>
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                <text>&lt;b&gt;NB : &lt;/b&gt;This is the author's pre-print version of a special issue of Progress in Planning (Vol. 67, No. 3, April 2007). The published version of this text can be found on the &lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VC7-4NYTYFB-2/2/05b610f7325442a6910c65c824e45fc6"&gt;ScienceDirect journal page&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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        <name>ségrégation résidentielle</name>
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        <name>ségrégation sociale</name>
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        <name>ségrégation urbaine</name>
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        <name>Vaughan Laura</name>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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                <text>431-440</text>
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                <text>Hans-Joachim Bürkner</text>
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                <text>Ute Bauer</text>
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                <text>Le rassemblement géographique des Allemands ethniques (Aussiedler) : une chance d'intégration ? L'expérience d'un projet modèle dans le Brandebourg. 

Au début de l'immigration de masse d'Allemands ethniques (Aussiedler) en provenance de l'Union Soviétique, seuls les Lander occidentaux de l'Allemagne ont été confrontés en nombre avec eux. Depuis le début des années 90, les Lander orientaux ont commencé à en accueillir et, en tant qu'autorités locales, ont été confrontés au problème de leur prise en charge. Avec en arrière-plan des difficultés financières, l'intégration sociale des Aussiedler s'est avérée difficile, d'autant plus qu'elle devait se faire dans un contexte de montée générale de la xénophobie. Aussi, seuls quelques concepts nouveaux d'intégration sociale ont pu être développés pendant les années suivantes. L'un d'eux était fondé sur l'idée d'arriver à l'intégration de cette minorité grâce à la concentration spatiale de ses implantations. Cet article expose, dans un premier temps, une présentation rapide de la situation légale, politique et sociale des Aussiedler vivant au Brandebourg. Puis, il dégage les premiers résultats d'une recherche de terrain sur les effets économiques et sociaux d'un projet d'implantation des Aussiedler dans une petite ville située à 80 kilomètres au sud de Berlin. Il donne une description de leur situation économique et sociale difficile, dans une région où le taux de chômage est supérieur à 20%, et plus particulièrement de leur insertion et de leurs contacts avec les Allemands autochtones et avec d'autres groupes d' Aussiedler. Il analyse également les structures sociales à l'intérieur de cette implantation et fait apparaître les signes d'un grand isolement et des tendances au repli dans des cercles sans aucun contact avec l'extérieur. Enfin l'article présente en conclusion la perception par les Aussiedler des avantages et des inconvénients du projet.</text>
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                <text>In the beginning of the mass immigration of Ethnic Germans (commonly called Aussiedler) from the former Soviet Union, only the Western lands of the Federal Republic of Germany were confronted with rising numbers of them. From the early 1990s on, however, the new lands of Eastern Germany were impacted, too. The governments of the lands as well as the local communities were forced to deal with intense problems of accommodating the newcomers. In view of empty treasuries, the social integration of Aussiedler was a serious task which was made more difficult in a time of increasing hostility against foreigners. Only a few new concepts of social integration were developed during the following years. One of them draws on the idea of bringing about integration by means of concentrated settlements of this minority. The article first gives a short view of the legal, political and social situation of the Aussiedler population living in the province of Brandenburg. Then it presents preliminary results from a field study on the social and economic effects of a new settlement project for Aussiedler in Brandenburg. The housing estate in question is located in geographical isolation close to a small town, some 80 kilometres south of Berlin. A description is given of the difficult economic and social situation of Aussiedler living in an area where unemployment rates have reached more than 20 percent. Especially, their social contacts to both indigenous Germans and other Aussiedler are regarded. Also, social structures inside of the settlement are analysed, showing a strong isolation and tendencies of retreat to close circles of contact. Finally, the main advantages and disadvantages of the settlement project - from the point of view of the Aussiedler - are discussed.</text>
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                <text>Bauer Ute, Bürkner Hans-Joachim. The spatially concentrated settlement of ethnic Germans (Aussiedler) - an opportunity for integration? Experience from a model project in Brandenburg / Le rassemblement géographique des Allemands ethniques (Aussiedler) : une chance d'intégration ? L'expérience d'un projet modèle au Brandebourg. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1998-3. Les mutations démographiques en Europe centrale et orientale - Population Transformations in Central and Eastern Euraope. pp. 431-440.</text>
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                <text>eth- nie Germans ; Aussiedler ; social segregation ; social integration ; settlement projects ; internal integration ; East Germany</text>
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                <text>Ségrégation sociale ; Aussiedler ; Allemagne de l'Est ; Intégration interne ; Projet d'implantation ; Intégration sociale</text>
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                <text>The spatially concentrated settlement of ethnic Germans (Aussiedler) - an opportunity for integration? Experience from a model project in Brandenburg / Le rassemblement géographique des Allemands ethniques (Aussiedler) : une chance d'intégration ? L'expérience d'un projet modèle au Brandebourg</text>
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                <text>En Hongrie, le logement est confronté à d’importantes mutations depuis les années de transition politique et économique. Durant les décennies du socialisme, ce secteur se trouvait sous le contrôle de l’état et les forces du marché étaient marginales, voire inexistantes. En conséquence, l’un des changements majeurs dans le secteur fut l’établissement d’un marché résidentiel de type occidental à la suite du changement de régime. La dernière crise économique mondiale a eu un impact crucial sur le marché du logement hongrois, dont le chiffre d’affaires a considérablement chuté ces dernières années. Les familles qui finançaient leur logement à l’aide de prêts hypothécaires étrangers se retrouvent dans la situation la plus difficile. La très nette dévaluation du forint par rapport aux autres monnaies a entraîné une hausse significative des remboursements de crédits en monnaie étrangère. Dans un premier temps, l’article analyse la littérature sur les théories du marché du logement et met en évidence les étapes majeures du développement du marché résidentiel hongrois. La seconde partie présente les questions ainsi que les zones les plus problématiques de ce marché avant d’analyser les conséquences de la crise économique actuelle. </text>
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                <text>Housing in Hungary has undergone significant changes since the years of political and economic transition. During the socialist decades the housing sector was controlled by the state, market forces were marginal or non-existent. Thus, one of the biggest changes in housing was the establishment of a western-type residential market after the regime change. The latest worldwide economic crisis has had a dramatic impact on the Hungarian housing market. The turnover of the Hungarian residential market has declined enormously in the past few years. Those families who financed their housing by foreign currency mortgages are facing the hardest situation. The Hungarian forint has significantly weakened against other currencies having resulted in a dramatic increase in foreign currency mortgage payments. First, the paper briefly reviews the literature on housing theories, then it outlines the most important milestones in the development of the Hungarian residential market. The next part of the paper introduces the most problematic issues and areas concerning housing in Hungary, and finally analyzes the effects and consequences of the present economic crisis. </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://belgeo.revues.org/6289</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="556101">
                <text>doi:10.4000/belgeo.6289</text>
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                <text>en</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>global economic crisis</text>
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                <text>housing</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="556105">
                <text>Hungary</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="556106">
                <text>migration</text>
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                <text>residential market</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="556108">
                <text>crise économique mondiale</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="556109">
                <text>Hongrie</text>
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                <text>logement</text>
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                <text>marché résidentiel</text>
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                <text>migrations</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>The state of the Hungarian residential market in the time of the global economic crisis</text>
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                  <text>Urbanisation et sociétés urbaines</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>TOGO REGION DES PLATEAUX</text>
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                <text>A partir de l'exemple de trois villes dans la région des plateaux au Togo : Atakpamé, Kpalimé, Badou, l'analyse des migrations  permet d'évaluer la place des divers mouvements migratoires dans la croissance des villes, mais également de déterminer le rôle économique de ces centres dans les parcours migratoires.</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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                <text>http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:23938</text>
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                <text>Dupont Véronique. The step function of middled-sized towns in migration processes in West Africa : the hipothesis reevaluated in the study of  three urban centres in a plantation area in Togo. Paris : ORSTOM, 1987, 20 p. multigr. </text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="363313">
                <text>CENTRE URBAIN SECONDAIRE</text>
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                <text>FONCTIONS URBAINES</text>
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                <text>MIGRATION</text>
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                <text>IMMIGRE</text>
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                <text>MOTIVATION</text>
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                <text>ANALYSE</text>
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                <text>ENQUETE</text>
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                <text>ATTRACTION URBAINE</text>
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                <text>The step function of middled-sized towns in migration processes in West Africa : the hipothesis reevaluated in the study of  three urban centres in a plantation area in Togo</text>
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