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                <text>Latin American research has addressed the role of urban landscapes in contributing to a sense of community, to social relationships, to the quality of urban life and to community development. This thesis analyses, compares and evaluates spatial practice in two local parks of Bogotá, Colombia. Spatial practice in this research is defined according to Lefebvre’s writing on the production of space. Spatial practice refers to the sensorial level of spatial phenomena ; it involves uses, interactions, perceptions, influences and transformations in the everyday relationships between space and people. The two parks under investigation are located in and belong to different socioeconomic areas and the cross-class comparison of parks and spatial practice is important in a highly segregated city such as Bogotá. Locally, the two parks are part of the innovative municipal government program, ‘Parks for Learning How to Live,’ (1998-2000).This project transformed public space physically as well as residents’ perceptions of public space, parks, and outdoor recreation and leisure. The research design was qualitative because it sought information on perceptions, uses and feelings of park users.The findings identified that despite the two parks being similar in terms of their physical characteristics, they display different spatial practices that in turn reflect the socio-economic status, history, and expectations of the communities that use them. This research provides an in-depth analysis of the spatial practice in these two parks in order to start building a bottom-up framework that may be instrumental for future planning.
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                <text>This paper is about the relationship between income and spatial concentration in Dutch cities, with a special focus on low incomes. After defining poverty, the principal low-income groups in the Netherlands are described briefly. We then focus on spatial segregation and concentration of some of these low-income groups. One of the main conclusions is that the relationship between income on the one hand and housing situation, segregation and concentration on the other hand is less strong in the Netherlands than might be expected from existing theoretical notions. The mismatch of housing costs and income is one of the principal explaining factors: because the Dutch social rental sector is huge, the types of households that occupy this sector are highly diverse. Consequently, also the spatial segregation between immigrants and nationals in urban areas is relatively low. This residential mix does however not mean that there are no problems between population groups within specific neighbourhoods. For the future, it is expected that segregation will increase, mainly as a consequence of changing housing policies in the Netherlands.</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract of the Editorial by George H. Conklin:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; 2006 is the year that the world as a whole becomes over half urban, yet no longer is the city the home of the industrial factory in the Western world.  What shape should the new city take in the information age?  Are we following an obsolete model when we plan in the Western world for a &amp;quot;new urbanism?&amp;quot;  Does suburbanization have to fade away to promote racial justice?  Why has urbanization concentrated poverty in the rural areas?  We must re-examine these areas as sociologists and question past assumptions.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Contents:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; George H. Conklin - Urban organization and planning in the post-industrial city: An editorial and introduction to the Spring 2006 issue of &lt;i&gt;Sociation Today&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt; Ronald C. Wimberley and Libby V. Morris - The poor rural areas that must support &amp;quot;the cities of the future&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt; Olivia Hetzler, Veronica E. Medina and David Overfelt - Gentrification, displacement and new urbanism: The next racial project&lt;/div&gt; Carles Jaret, Robert M. Adelman and Lesley Williams Reid - Suburban sprawl, racial segregation and spatial mismatch in metropolitan America&lt;/div&gt; Bob Jentsch - Land use planning and the consequences of smart growth&lt;/div&gt; Denise Hester - We shouldn't have to move out to move up&lt;/div&gt; Earl Smith and Angela Hattery - The prison industrial complex&lt;/div&gt; Roger Y. Klomegah - The social side of diabetes: The influence of social support on the dietary regimen of people with diabetes&lt;/div&gt; Michael Wise - Max Weber visits America: A review of the video&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;George H. Conklin &lt;/b&gt;is Professor Emeritus of Sociology at North Carolina Central University.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; The Urban Racial State introduces a new multi-disciplinary analytical approach to urban racial politics that provides a bridging concept for urban theory, racism theory, and state theory. This perspective, dubbed by Noel A. Cazenave as the Urban Racial State, both names and explains the workings of the political structure whose chief function for cities and other urban governments is the regulation of race relations within their geopolitical boundaries.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; In The Urban Racial State, Cazenave incorporates extensive archival and oral history case study data to support the placement of racism analysis as the focal point of the formulation of urban theory and the study of urban politics. Cazenave's approach offers a set of analytical tools that is sophisticated enough to address topics like the persistence of the urban racial state under the rule of African Americans and other politicians of color.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Noel A. Cazenave&lt;/b&gt; is associate professor of sociology at the University of Connecticut.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>Competitiveness of city regions has gained a more and more central position in regional development and regional planning within the last decades. A reason for this is that globalisation has caused pressure on industrial structures forcing firms to increase their competitiveness by more actively promoting innovation and knowledge creation. Access to knowledge has therefore become vital for most types of productions in the Western economies.&#13;
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As creation of and access to knowledge have become increasingly important in order to stay competitive, a growing focus has been put on the geography of highly skilled labour. A growing string of this literature argues that large cities shall be understood as locomotives of regional development and growth because they have an attractive effect on highly skilled labour. This line of thinking is called the urban turn in economic geography. This study examines the urban turn by studying the dynamics of location of economic activities in Nordic countries.&#13;
&#13;
The thesis consists of 5 papers and a research report and offers both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the dynamics of location of economic activities in the knowledge economy. It approaches regional development both from an interregional perspective and an intraregional perspective. It provides a critical and thorough examination of the technology, talent and tolerance approach to regional development put forward by Richard Florida in his book The Rise of the Creative Class by examining the adequateness of the approach in a Swedish and Nordic context, and next it retheorises the approach based on empirical findings. Further, by studying intraregional dynamics in the greater metropolitan area of Copenhagen, the thesis addresses the geographical heterogeneity of the city region on the one side and the importance of social relations for location of economic activities on the other. Thereby the presented research calls for an intraregional perspective in mainstream regional development. </text>
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                <text>, histoire urbaine, cadre de vie, ségrégation urbaine, voisinage, société urbaine, sociologie urbaine, gouvernance, logement, équité sociale, patrimoine, Warner Sam Bass Jr., Etats-Unis, United States</text>
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Sam Bass Warner, Jr.

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1995

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University of California Press 

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303</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;From the foreword by Charles Tilly : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
For a generation Sam Warner has written about American urban history by sketching the development of particular cities. A 1994 poll of urban history scholars identified him as the country's most influential urban historian and designated Urban Wilderness as one of the books they would recommend most strongly as an introduction to North American urban history.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Many urban historians write about cities as collective works of art, while others treat them as museums displaying famous structures, as political organizations, as economic engines, or as sites of population change. Warner gives due attention to all these aspects of urban history, but he examines cities especially as settings for human life, reflecting incessantly on how human life could improve through wise, historically informed public action.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Sam Bass Warner, Jr.&lt;/b&gt; is Visiting Professor of Urban History at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Modern Kuwait's urban development as it emerged during the second half of the twentieth century has been the outcome of a sustained planning effort. The idea of adopting and implementing master plans prepared by planning specialists was introduced early in 1951 - only a few years after Kuwait became an oil producer. The country's first master/development plan was completed later that year.&#13;
&#13;
During a period of about three decades, other plans were to follow, generally reflecting in concept and approach the circumstances, influences and conditions which necessitated their creation. Continuous changes in the built environment often progressed faster than the plans had anticipated or provided for. Successive plans gradually adopted a wider scope than the limited location approach of the first plan, and became more regional and national in concept and strategy. &#13;
&#13;
This study examines both the urbanisation process itself and the various plans which have guided this process. Certain issues related to public policy, economic and demographic considerations which influence urbanisation and planning will also be examined. The study shows how the various plans have responded to the specific circumstances and changes, how they related to each other, and assessed them as concepts and guidelines. An assessment is also made of the emerging urban environment in Kuwait City's central part, the hub of government and business activities - the old town of the pre-planning years.&#13;
&#13;
On balance, the study concludes that the planned environment which has emerged as a result of almost four decades of planning effort, is neither poorly conceived and realised nor ideal. It is, instead, the outcome of a combination of dynamic and often unpredictable forces, public policy considerations and changes, and certain constraints on planning, both in terms of its physical as well as practical aspects. The study, finally, is a documentation of the making of urban Kuwait during its modern era.</text>
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This major conference on the theme of The Vital City was held under the auspices of the European Urban Research Association (EURA). EURA brings together an inter-disciplinary network of urban researchers from across Europe and beyond. It provides a forum for cross-national debate on  urban policy and acts as a bridge between research and policy in this rapidly urbanising world. The conference, which attracted an audience of over 260 delegates and featured over 180 papers, celebrated EURA's 10th Anniversary.  The event provided an opportunity for urban researchers and policy makers to engage in lively debate and exchange knowledge and ideas about the challenges involved in achieving 'The Vital City' in different European settings.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Session themes : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Resurgent European Cities&lt;br /&gt;
Diversity, Cohesion and the Richness of Cities&lt;br /&gt;
Branding the Distinctive City&lt;br /&gt;
The Urban Environment and 'Quality of Place'&lt;br /&gt;
Neighbourhood Dynamics and Urban Vitality&lt;br /&gt;
Strategies for Viable and Vital Neighbourhoods&lt;br /&gt;
Urban Governance&lt;br /&gt;
Community Activism and Civic Innovation&lt;br /&gt;
Health and Public Policy&lt;br /&gt;
Real Estate Development and City Planning&lt;br /&gt;
Housing Organisation and Finance&lt;br /&gt;
Urban Form, Transport and Sustainability&lt;br /&gt;
The Role of Higher Education in Cities and Regions&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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In this pioneering study of the water infrastructure of Renaissance Rome, urban historian Katherine Rinne offers a new understanding of how technological and scientific developments in aqueduct and fountain architecture helped turn a medieval backwater into the preeminent city of early modern Europe. Supported by the author&amp;rsquo;s extensive topographical research, this book presents a unified vision of the city that links improvements to public and private water systems with political, religious, and social change. Between 1560 and 1630, in a spectacular burst of urban renewal, Rome&amp;rsquo;s religious and civil authorities sponsored the construction of aqueducts, private and public fountains for drinking, washing, and industry, and the magnificent ceremonial fountains that are Rome&amp;rsquo;s glory. Tying together the technological, sociopolitical, and artistic questions that faced the designers during an age of turmoil in which the Catholic Church found its authority threatened and the infrastructure of the city was in a state of decay, Rinne shows how these public works projects transformed Rome in a successful marriage of innovative engineering and strategic urban planning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Katherine Wentworth Rinne&lt;/b&gt; is an urban designer and historian of Renaissance and baroque architecture and urbanism. She is adjunct professor in the department of architecture at the California College of the Arts and associate fellow at the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities at the University of Virginia.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Waters of the city of Rome&lt;/a&gt;'&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Nous prenons la condition humaine, en tant que trilogie espèce / individu / être social, comme articulation de nos recherches. Sélectionner dans une thématique, les composants basiques ainsi que trouver la façon dont ils se lient entre eux et avec d'autres, en trouvant leur équilibre dans une globalité spatiale, temporelle, affective et axiologique est la vocation de notre théorie. Ceci est essentiel pour étendre un réseau d'appui qui organise conjointement la compréhension, l'étude, les représentations, les sens, les vécus et les modifications d'une réalité. En particulier nous avons appliqué la théorie d'articulation de moments" à la relation ville / nature, prenant le paysage comme analyseur et en la mettant à l'épreuve avec un cas type, l'avenue côtière (rambla) de Montevideo. Nous proposons une dialogique dynamique pour aborder la complexité de la réalité, en commençant par la définition nécessaire d'une unidualité primaire, représentée par des paires de forces opposées et complémentaires qui, conjuguées avec des distances, génèrent des "moments" dont l'équilibre s'obtient en articulant de différents plans. L'opposition complémentaire originale est la considération de l'homme dans et hors de la nature. Dans notre cas, suit celle de cette dernière avec la ville. Nous formulons donc l'existence d un processus récursif où sont fondamentaux les différents niveaux d'interaction entre homme et milieu, ainsi que s'occuper de l'équilibre sur chaque plan et dans la globalité, en voie d'obtenir la réussite dans l'essence humaine et environnementale à long terme.</text>
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                <text>http://www.bibliotheque-numerique-paris8.fr/fre/notices/103379--Theorie-d-articulation-de-moments-appliquee-a-la-relation-ville-nature-le-cas-de-la-rambla-de-Montevideo-.html</text>
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                <text>Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis</text>
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                <text>aspect de l'environnement, architecture du paysage, écologie humaine, philosophie de la nature, Montevideo</text>
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                <text>Théorie d'articulation de moments appliquée à la relation ville-nature : le cas de la "rambla" de Montevideo</text>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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                <text>Stock, Mathis</text>
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                <text>Comment mettre au point une connaissance scientifique des manières dont les êtres humains ha- bitent ? Cette question est plus difficile à traiter qu'elle n'en a l'air du premier coup d'oeil. Car, si nous disposons de multiples réponses - modèle des lieux centraux de Christaller-Lösch, mo- dèle proxémique de Heidegger-Moles, modèle des trois modes spatiaux de Lefevbre, modèles chorématiques de Brunet, théorie des régimes spatiaux d'action de Werlen, théorie de la géo- symbolicité de Berque, pour n'en citer que quelques unes - les questions auxquelles répondent ces multiples descriptions et explications ne sont pas toujours circonscrites avec soin. D'où la nécessité de poser des questions sur les façons adéquates de penser l'habiter. Avec quels outils conceptuels pouvons-nous appréhender la question de l'espace habité, des styles d'habiter, des pratiques d'espace, des différentes façons de rendre habitable de l'espace, des conditions de pos- sibilité de l'habiter, des technologies d'espace, du rapport à l'environnement et au monde bio- physique ? Voici quelques unes des questions qui me semblent importantes à considérer en tant que problème cognitif. Elles pointent la diversité des questionnements possibles sur l'habiter qui ne réduit pas la question au lien humanité/Terre, la demeure ou la proximité.</text>
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                <text>Habiter, le propre de l'humain.</text>
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