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                <text>This paper investigates the ‘serial reproduction' of new downtowns as up-to-date business and financial districts and high-end residential neighborhoods in the central areas of Beirut and Amman. These new monumental spaces are designed as the ‘icons' of the cities reflecting their international character. As illustrative examples of neoliberal policy experiments, their overarching goal consists in mobilizing city space as an arena for market-oriented economic growth and elite consumption practices. Implemented through public-private partnerships, the Beirut Central District Reconstruction and the Al-Abdali Urban Regeneration Project in Amman are prestigious urban ‘flagship' projects attempting to reorient the cities' image in order to re-enforce their competitive position in a context of rapidly changing local, national and global conditions in which cities are challenged by an intensifying competition over international investments. The involvement of one and the same investment network in both projects as the major agent is of particular interest to this research</text>
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                <text>Villes et Territoires du Moyen-Orient</text>
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                <text> Mariani, Ricardo. Directeur de thèse </text>
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                <text>Les situations de catastrophes sont de plus en plus fréquentes. Leurs conséquences sur les populations et sur les établissements humains s’aggravent de manière alarmante. La thèse développe une approche novatrice permettant de réexaminer les politiques traditionnelles en matière de secours et d’aide à la reconstruction. Elle postule l’indispensable contribution de l’urbanisme aux premiers gestes de la reconstruction et élabore une nouvelle méthode urbanistique s’y rapportant : la trousse urbanitaire. La méthode repose sur la définition progressive d’un projet, spatial et fonctionnel, des établissements humains, à construire, aménager, reconstruire, établi au travers de scénarios, évalués sur la base d’indicateurs mesurant leur niveau de durabilité. Ce projet se formalise dans un plan directeur et dans un rapport fixant les objectifs d’intérêts publics et les règles de gouvernance. Elle comble les écarts spatiaux (constructions ponctuelles / organisation spatiale globale), temporels (urgence / long terme) sociologiques (acteurs externes/ population locale).</text>
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                <text>Université de Genève</text>
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                <text>mobilité, environnement, urbanisme, reconstruction, humanitaire, coopération, développement durable</text>
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                <text>Pennybacker Susan D., Lee Sonia, . Les mœurs, les aspirations et la culture politique des employés de bureau londoniens des deux sexes, 1889-1914. In: Genèses, 14, 1994. France-Allemagne. Transferts, voyages, transactions. pp. 83-104.</text>
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                <text>Sexe, classe et espace urbain : le cas de Worcester, Massachussets. 

Les modèles traditionnels de la ségrégation résidentielle en milieu urbain montrent que les communes sont socialement homogènes. Selon les géographes contemporains, ce phénomène sert de base à la reproduction sociale, mais ceux-ci ne remettent pas vraiment en cause la validité descriptive de ce modèle. Nous cherchons à démontrer que la croissance de l'activité professionnelle des femmes, la ségrégation sexuelle sur le marché du travail et d'autres tendances démographiques récentes ont pourtant d'importantes répercussions sur la géographie sociale des villes nord-américaines. En utilisant les données du recensement de 1980 et en prenant l'exemple de Worcester, nous démontrons que les différences socio-professionnelles entre les sexes sont d'importants facteurs d'hétérogénéité sociale au sein même des communes. Nous étudions ainsi les implications de ce phénomène sur les théories de la reproduction sociale et ses conséquences dans le domaine des politiques urbaines.</text>
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                <text>Traditional models of urban residential structure indicate that neighbourhoods are homogeneous with respect to class. The descriptive adequacy of this model is unquestioned by contemporary geographers who assert that neighbourhoods serve the purpose of social reproduction. We argue that the growth of female labor-force participation, the fact of occupational segregation, and other recent demographic trends have important implications for the social geography of the North American city. With 1980 Census data from the Worcester, MA Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, we demonstrate that occupational segregation is an important source of intra-neighbourhood class heterogeneity. The implications of these findings for theories of social reproduction and class-based urban politics are explored.</text>
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                <text>Pratt Geraldine, Hanson Susan. Gender, Class, and Urban Space: The Case of Worcester, Massachusetts. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1989-1. Sexe et espace - Sex and space. pp. 15-26.</text>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1989_num_7_1_1355</text>
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                <text>Class ; Gender ; Worcester ; United States ; Residential structures. ; Social reproduction</text>
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                <text>Gender, Class, and Urban Space: The Case of Worcester, Massachusetts</text>
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                <text>Sutcliffe, Michael</text>
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                <text>The major metropolitan areas and secondary cities have a more significant impact and make a larger contribution to the economy than do most of our provinces. Over 30% of the people of South Africa are found in these areas, but their contribution to the Gross Domestic Product exceeds by far this percentage. A very high proportion of job opportunities are found in metropolitan areas. The budgets of these cities have a greater developmental impact than most provinces. They therefore warrant special attention.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/76/97/42/PDF/Sutcliffe_31.pdf</text>
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                <text>Territorial restructurings, comparisons and innovations Proceedings of the French‐South African meeting on territorial innovation. Recompositions territoriales : confronter et innover. Actes des rencontres scientifiques franco‐sud-africaines de l'innovation territoriale</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="479154">
                <text>Rencontres scientifiques franco-Sud-Africaines de l'innovation territoriale</text>
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                <text>municipal governance</text>
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                <text>Creating cities of Hope</text>
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                <text>The first democratic municipal elections, held on 5 December 2000 brought to an end the interim system of local government and put in its place a democratic system based on the South african Constitution.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/76/69/30/PDF/Sutcliffe_04.pdf</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>ENG</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="482047">
                <text>Territorial restructurings, comparisons and innovations Proceedings of the French‐South African meeting on territorial innovation. Recompositions territoriales : confronter et innover. Actes des rencontres scientifiques franco‐sud-africaines de l'innovation territoriale</text>
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                <text>municipal governance</text>
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                <text>South Africa</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="482052">
                <text>The South African municipal demarcation process</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644246">
                  <text>PERSEE</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>197-214</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="382486">
                <text>Suzanne Thave</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>1996</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="382488">
                <text>La définition de l'immigré retenue par le Haut Conseil à l'intégration en 1990 désigne comme tel «quelqu'un né à l'étranger, résidant en France», donc défini par son lieu de naissance et sa nationalité actuelle ou antérieure. 
Ont été récensées neuf sources principales de fichiers détenus par I'insee où figurent simultanément ces deux variables et qui permettent donc des études sur les immigrés. Les sources sont présentées sous forme de fiches avec une description de l'enquête, de son but et de son champ d'application, des variables d'analyse liées aux immigrés. Les références de la documentation de chacune ainsi que les bibliographies des études faites ou en cours sont indiquées. Le moyen général d'accéder à ces diverses sources est décrit en début de note, les cas particuliers sont signalés sur les fiches en question.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="382489">
                <text>Statistical Survey Sources about Immigrated Persons in France. 

According to the «Haut Conseil à l'Intégration» definition retained in 1990, an immigrated person is someone born abroad as a foreigner, who is living in France, defined by his country of birth and his present or former citizenship. INSEE is in possession of nine main sources, where we can find these two characteristics simultaneously and that allow studies about immigrated persons. 
Sources are presented in the form of cards with a description of the survey, of its aim and its field of use, of characteristics linked with immigrated persons. Documentation references of everyone and bibliographies of studies made or in progress are indicated. How to access these sources is described at the top of the article, particular cases are indicated on certain cards.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="382490">
                <text>Thave Suzanne. Les sources statistiques d'études sur les immigrés en France. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1996-2-3. Immigrés et enfants d'immigrés. pp. 197-214.</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="382491">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1996_num_14_2_1745</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="382492">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1996.1745</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="382493">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="382494">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="382495">
                <text>Metropolitan France ; Country of Birth ; Sources ; Immigrated Persons</text>
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                <text>France métropolitaine ; Pays de naissance ; Immigrés ; Sources</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="382497">
                <text>Les sources statistiques d'études sur les immigrés en France</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644259">
                  <text>Espaces et sociétés</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644260">
                  <text>revue publiée par ERES</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644261">
                  <text>CAIRN</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425453">
                <text>42</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425454">
                <text>Suzanne, Gilles</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425455">
                <text>2007</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425456">
                <text>
  
  Cet article étudie le rôle que la ville d'Oujda (Maroc) joue dans le dispositif commercial transméditerranéen. Fondé sur une description empirique, il documente la circulation transmaghrébine de marchandises, il rend compte de l'organisation des mondes marchands, analyse également les réseaux complexes de l'économie informelle. Le cas d'Oujda révèle alors l'importance des villes du sud de la Méditerranée dans la mondialisation des échanges.
</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ESP_128_0171</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425458">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425459">
                <text>Cairn</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="425460">
                <text>Espaces et sociétés, n 128-129, 1, 2007-05-24, pp.171-184</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>places marchandes</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425462">
                <text> économie informelle</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425463">
                <text> réseaux trans-nationaux</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425464">
                <text> Maroc</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425465">
                <text> Méditerranée</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425466">
                <text>trade town</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425467">
                <text> informal economy</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425468">
                <text> trans-nationals networks</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425469">
                <text> Morocco</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="425470">
                <text> Mediterranean</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="425471">
                <text>Oujda ou l'arrière-pays de l'économie transméditerranéenne</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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      </elementSet>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644244">
                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644246">
                  <text>PERSEE</text>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386128">
                <text>369-382</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386129">
                <text>Suzy Pasleau</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386130">
                <text>2001</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="386131">
                <text>A Population in Service of Coal, Iron and Glass. Seraing 1846-1900.

In Seraing, village situated in the coal field of Liege, companies of international fame are implanted from the first quarter of the 19th century : iron company Cockerill (1817) and glassworks of Val-Saint- Lambert (1826). Beside four collieries (and after three), these giants of the heavy industry press directly on the economy of Seraing. Employing a numerous manpower they also influence the demographic expansion. By the complex set of the natural and migratory movements, the population of Seraing is multiplied by twenty, from 1800 till 1913 ! Such a growth results from a constant influx of young immigrants attracted by high salaries. The image of the solitary male migrant should however give up the place to that of the domestic migrations. On the other hand, the population growth knows by 1875 a transition characterized certainly by a decline of the birth rate but especially by a fall of the mortality. Between economy and demography a lot of links are made and come undone to Seraing.</text>
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                <text>À Seraing, localité située dans le bassin houiller de Liège, des entreprises de renommée internationale sont implantées, dès le premier quart du 19ème siècle : la société sidérurgique Cockerill (en 1817) et les cristalleries du Val-Saint-Lambert (en 1826). Aux côtés de quatre (puis trois) charbonnages, ces géants de l'industrie lourde pèsent directement sur l'économie sérésienne. Employant une main-d'œuvre nombreuse, ils influencent aussi l'expansion démographique. Par le jeu complexe des mouvements naturel et migratoire, la population sérésienne est multipliée par vingt de 1800 à 1913 ! Une telle croissance résulte d'un afflux constant de jeunes immigrés attirés par de hauts salaires. L'image du migrant masculin solitaire doit cependant céder la place à celle de migrations familiales. D'autre part, la croissance démographique connaît, vers 1875, une transition caractérisée certes par une baisse de la natalité mais surtout par une chute de la mortalité. Entre économie et démographie, de multiples liens se font et se défont à Seraing.</text>
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                <text>Pasleau Suzy. Une population au service de la cité du charbon, du fer et du verre. Seraing, 1846-1900. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2001-3. Les populations des bassins d'industries lourdes. pp. 369-382.</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_2001_num_19_3_2004</text>
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                <text>PERSEE</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Industrialisation ; Demographic Transition ; Professional Mobility ; Migratory Influx ; Coal Industry-Iron Industry-Glassworks</text>
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                <text>Houillerie- sidérurgie-cristallerie ; Industrialisation ; Afflux migratoire ; Mobilité professionnelle ; Transition démographique</text>
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                <text>Une population au service de la cité du charbon, du fer et du verre. Seraing, 1846-1900</text>
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                  <text>Perspectives chinoises</text>
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                  <text>Revue entièrement consacrée au monde chinois contemporain qu’elle analyse dans ses aspects socio-politiques, économiques, culturels et littéraires, Perspectives chinoises offre une information originale ainsi que des analyses fondées sur des enquêtes de terrain menées par des chercheurs spécialisés.</text>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644306">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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                <text>Svartzman, Boris</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2013-03-15</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="582574">
                <text>Cet article repose sur une enquête menée dans un village dont les terres ont été réquisitionnées, les logements détruits et les habitants relogés dans deux barres d’immeubles construites à une centaine de mètres du village, dans lesquelles de nouvelles administrations de quartier ont été mises en place. La supervision des expulsions par les autorités locales est apparue déterminante dans le processus d’adaptation des anciens villageois à leur statut d’urbains. Or les interactions entre cadres et population dans leur nouveau cadre urbain sont incompréhensibles sans prendre en compte les résistances qui ont précédé le délogement, que nous nous attacherons à reconstituer. </text>
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                <text>http://perspectiveschinoises.revues.org/6490</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="582576">
                <text>fr</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="582577">
                <text>Le bond en ville : résistance et transition d’un village chinois face à l’urbanisation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Histoire urbaine</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>revue publiée par Société française d'histoire urbaine</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>CAIRN</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="448123">
                <text>89</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="448124">
                <text>Sweet, Rosemary H. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="448125">
                <text>2010</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="448126">
                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=RHU_028_0085</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="448127">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="448128">
                <text>Cairn</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="448129">
                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 28, 2, 2010-09-24, pp.85-103</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="448130">
                <text>« The private and uninteresting history of a single town ? » </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="11747" public="1" featured="0">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192498">
                <text> Piermay, Jean-Luc. Directeur de thèse </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192499">
                <text>Sy, Ibrahima</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192500">
                <text>2006</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192501">
                <text>Dans des villes africaines en développement, se pose avec acuité la question de la salubrité. En effet, les moyens limités des pouvoirs publics ne permettent pas de procéder à des investissements en adéquation avec la demande en services de salubrité. Ainsi, le développement urbain s’accompagne d’un phénomène d’insalubrité aiguë dans ces villes. Rufisque n’échappe à cette situation qui lui confère la réputation de ville la plus insalubre du Sénégal. Pour approcher cette question de la salubrité, nous avons choisi d’utiliser comme indicateurs les maladies diarrhéiques chez les enfants de 0 à 5 ans. Les résultats épidémiologiques, c'est-à-dire l’incidence des diarrhées montrent des situations sanitaires hétérogènes qui sont l’expression diverse des environnements urbains multiples rencontrés dans la ville. L’exposition différentielle à cette pathologie résulte d’un faisceau de facteurs convergents qui interagissent à l’intérieur de chaque environnement urbain spécifique pour former un système. La mise en évidence d’un niveau de contamination élevé a permis de conforter l’idée reçue d’une ville insalubre et de transcender les représentations citadines diverses de la salubrité. En montrant l’articulation entre les situations sanitaires et les dynamiques gestionnaires, notre approche ne révèle en réalité que des espaces de gestions différentes. Ces derniers montrent dès lors que la ville est marquée par des mutations de tous genres des sociétés urbaines, des mutations qui ont pu être analysées grâce à l’utilisation de la salubrité comme révélateur.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192502">
                <text>http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/633/</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="192503">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/327</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="192504">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/77f156ec4f932a15eb4f19c34cf853d2.jpg</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192505">
                <text>Fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192506">
                <text>Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192507">
                <text>gouvernance, assainissement, eau, Sénégal, environnement urbain, ville, perception, salubrité, hygiène, propreté, déchets, santé, diarrhée, facteur de risque, indicateurs, gestion urbaine, pratiques citadines, organisation citadine, Rufisque</text>
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                <text>Géographie</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="192509">
                <text>La gestion de la salubrité à Rufisque (Sénégal) : enjeux sanitaires et pratiques urbaines</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="192510">
                <text>Thèse</text>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644254">
                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="483287">
                <text>Syagga, Paul</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="483288">
                <text>2011-09-01</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="483289">
                <text>This paper gives an overview of slum upgrading in Kenya observing that slums are a major urban housing phenomena in Kenya that require immediate attention. Rather than demolishing them, which renders many people homeless, they should be upgraded through tenure security and infrastructure improvement so as to provide a better living environment for the residents currently living in the settlements.</text>
              </elementText>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="483290">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00751866</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="483291">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/75/18/66/PDF/Paul_Syagga_-_LAND_TENURE_IN_SLUM_UPGRADING.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="483292">
                <text>ENG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="483293">
                <text>Les cahiers d'Afrique de l'est</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="483294">
                <text>[SHS:SCIPO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="483295">
                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="483296">
                <text>Slum upgrading</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="483297">
                <text>Kenya</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="483298">
                <text>Land Tenure in Slum Upgrading Projects</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="483299">
                <text>article in non peer-reviewed journal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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&#13;
Cet ouvrage, qui réunit les contributions de chercheurs du Québec, du Canada, de la France et des États-Unis, illustre, et ce dans des logiques urbaines et économiques devenues désormais mondiales, comment le sport, au sens large du terme, s’intègre ou s’immisce dans les politiques de développement des villes. Dans une approche pluridisciplinaire mêlant la géographie, l’urbanisme, la sociologie et l’histoire, il expose, d’une part, la manière dont certaines pratiques sportives s’organisent dans la ville et les liens sportifs qui unissent la ville à des territoires périurbains et ruraux. D’autre part, il présente une analyse des nouveaux mécanismes gestionnaires et économiques mis en place pour justifier l’utili­sation de fonds publics pour l’organisation de manifestations sportives et l’aménagement des équipements d’accueil.&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
L’espace urbain : miroir des inégalités homme/femme&#13;
&#13;
Quarante ans après la révolution sexuelle, les rapports hommes/femmes restent marqués par d’importants déséquilibres au sein de la société voire par le maintien de profondes inégalités sociales. Si les femmes semblent avoir pu quitté en majorité l’espace cloisonné du foyer pour entrer de plein pied dans la vie professionnelle, la question de leur place dans la ville reste entière. Ainsi, les valeurs véhiculées par l’architecture, la place répartie entre les sexes dans l’espace public nous montrent notamment à quel point l’espace urbain est le reflet de rapports de domination encore très prégnants dans notre société. La ville des femmes est-elle la même que celle des hommes ? Comment se traduisent les rapports hommes/femmes au sein de l’espace urbain ? La manière dont la ville se fait et se pense est-elle sexuée ?&#13;
 &#13;
Avec Sylvette Denèfle, professeure de sociologie à l'université François-Rabelais de Tours.&#13;
&#13;
Crévilles a pris en charge l’enregistrement et la mise en ligne de ce café géographique, avec une captation et un montage par le collectif de réalisateurs Sans Canal Fixe.</text>
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                <text>Comment, dans un contexte de crise économique et sociale durable, les citadins réinventent-ils les moyens de leur survie à Kinshasa ? C’est à cette question que cet ouvrage s’attache à répondre. On y trouve une description ethnographique minutieuse des dispositifs microsociaux qui permettent aux citadins-commerçants d’approvisionner la ville et aux citoyens ordinaires de continuer simplement à vivre. Le livre plonge ainsi le lecteur dans les multiples formes de la « débrouille » qui organisent l’univers du petit commerce dans les marchés de la ville de Kinshasa.&#13;
&#13;
La créativité de la débrouille kinoise ne cesse d’étonner. Elle révèle l’ingéniosité des solutions que les citadins inventent quotidiennement pour capter un revenu dans un contexte singulier de déliquescence institutionnelle et d’anomie. Mais, ses expressions et ses manifestations n’ont été le plus souvent décrites que dans leurs dimensions individuelles. L’originalité de ce travail est de les décrire en interaction et de les appréhender aussi dans leur dimension collective, comme des codes sociaux. &#13;
&#13;
Tout en suivant le fil conducteur du commerce de détail, l’analyse entrecroise en permanence deux ordres de réflexion. Le premier porte sur la question particulière de la petite économie urbaine. &#13;
&#13;
À cet égard, l’ouvrage restitue l’ambivalence des stratégies de coopération et de solidarité contraintes par la précarité omniprésente et par la violence ordinaire qui en découle. Le second, plus politique, porte sur la réinvention des normes et des formes de régulation que révèlent les pratiques sociales et économiques des commerçants.&#13;
&#13;
La réflexion finale de l’ouvrage porte sur la question de la régulation sociale, montrant que l’économie de la débrouille n’est pas seulement le lieu d’enchevêtrement de plusieurs logiques – parfois contradictoires – mais qu’elle est également un espace de réinvention normative à travers lequel peut se lire la dynamique des changements en cours.&#13;
&#13;
Sylvie Ayimpam est docteur en sciences politiques et sociales de l’Université catholique de Louvain. Elle est chercheur associé à l’Institut des Mondes Africains (IMAf) UMR 8171 (CNRS) – UMR 243 (IRD), où elle mène une recherche postdoctorale au sein du programme EINSA soutenu par l’Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR).</text>
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