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                <text>Al-Ahwāz, principale ville du Khūzistān (province de la Perse méridionale), est implantée sur les deux rives de la rivière Kārūn. La ville se développa au cours des quatre premiers siècles de l'hégire (VIIe-Xe siècle) et devint un important carrefour du commerce terrestre et fluvial.</text>
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                <text>Deux catégories de prisons coexistaient à l'époque abbasside : celles des cadis et celles d'institutions politico-militaires. Mais cette distinction était largement théorique. L'étude de l'administration carcérale, de ses rapports aux autorités urbaines et de sa géographie montre que les prisons relevaient avant tout des gouverneurs et de la shurta : par leur empreinte sur le paysage urbain, les principales prisons iraqiennes manifestaient la puissance coercitive de la dynastie.</text>
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                <text>Nous proposons dans cet article d'examiner les conditions de vie dans les prisons à l'époque abbasside. Le croisement des chroniques, des dictionnaires biographiques, de l'adab et de la littérature juridique permet de reconstituer les principales caractéristiques de l'univers carcéral. Il apparaît que les détenus n'étaient entretenus qu'a minima par l'institution carcérale et dépendaient dans une large mesure de leurs familles ou de la charité publique. La promiscuité, la faim et la saleté, d'un degré comparable dans les prisons du pouvoir politico-militaire et dans celles des cadis, contribuait au châtiment des malfaiteurs dans les premières et à la pression exercée sur les débiteurs dans les secondes.</text>
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                <text>ISSN:0022-4995</text>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>vie quotidienne</text>
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                <text>Vivre en prison à l'époque abbasside</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>8</text>
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                <text> Kaufmann, Vincent </text>
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                <text> Louvet, Nicolas</text>
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  L'article traite de la consommation ambulante dans les pôles d'échanges. À partir d'une enquête qualitative dans quatre sites franciliens portant sur la manière qu'ont les usagers de s'engager dans un pôle d'échanges, il propose une lecture de la consommation ambulante. Au fil des résultats, il apparaît que la consommation dans les espaces de mobilité dépend à la fois des « capabilités » du voyageur et des attributs des lieux. La rencontre de ces deux types d'attributs bute cependant sur deux obstacles à la consommation. D'une part, les lieux d'échanges ne peuvent être compris que par le biais de processus cognitifs faisant appel à l'abstraction : pour se déplacer, le voyageur sort mentalement du lieu et se déplace dans le plan de réseau dont les symboles signalétiques sont les seuls référents situés. D'autre part, les lieux sont aménagés de façon que la fonctionnalité prime sur l'aisance.
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                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ESP_135_0099</text>
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                <text>fre</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Cairn</text>
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                <text>Espaces et sociétés, n 135, 4, 2009-01-20, pp.99-115</text>
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                <text>métro</text>
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                <text> pôle d'échange</text>
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                <text> consommateur</text>
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                <text> mobilité</text>
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                <text> composition architecturale</text>
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                <text>subway</text>
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                <text> urban hub</text>
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                <text> consumer</text>
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                <text> mobility</text>
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                <text> architectural conception</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Consommer dans le métro, une question d'engagement dans le temps et l'espace</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Grenoble</text>
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                <text>France</text>
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                <text>Tillous, Marion</text>
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                <text>2011</text>
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                <text>La recherche présentée ci-après traite de l'impact de la présence de personnes autres que l'individu percevant dans la formation d'une ambiance. A partir d'une enquête qualitative réalisée dans quatre sites franciliens, il montre que la façon dont un voyageur perçoit l'espace au sein duquel il s'engage détermine sa perception de l'altérité : l'autre est soit occulté, soit perçu comme une charge de l'espace source d'oppression, soit enfin comme un compatriote au sein d'un groupe commun. Des aménagements spatiaux peuvent donc être imaginés pour favoriser l'aisance du voyageur au sein de la collectivité des personnes en déplacement et donc au sein des espaces de mobilité dans lesquels il s'engage.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00833983</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="476007">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/83/39/83/PDF/Ambiance2008_Tillous.pdf</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Creating an atmosphere|Faire une ambiance</text>
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                <text>1st International Congress on Ambiances, Grenoble 2008</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="476013">
                <text>[SHS:PHIL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy</text>
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                <text>architecture</text>
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                <text>sensible</text>
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                <text>Entre l'individu percevant et la forme perçue, quel est le statut de l'Autre ? L'ambiance du réseau de transports collectifs</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>conference proceeding</text>
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                <text>Tillous, Marion</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="490014">
                <text>Les emballages vides de médicaments abandonnés sur un trottoir ou dans un caniveau sont les témoins de pratiques destinées à résoudre une douleur, qui affectent le vécu des personnes qui y prêtent attention. Ces traces sont autant de points de rencontre entre personnes pratiquantes et personnes percevantes. Comment l'inventaire des emballages de produits de santé peut-il nourrir notre façon d'explorer la ville ?</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00690776</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>espace public</text>
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                <text>La consommation de médicaments dans l'espace public urbain</text>
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                <text>L'objet de ce travail est d'aborder le réseau comme un objet de géographie sociale de façon à renouveler l'approche de l'aisance du voyageur urbain. Nous souhaitons montrer, au terme d'une analyse du vécu des voyageurs de quatre pôles d'échanges, que le déplacement du voyageur au sein du réseau de transport urbain ne se laisse qu'imparfaitement comprendre comme la relation d'un homme avec une machine (approche ergonomique), ou comme la déambulation d'un citoyen au sein d'un espace public (approche sociologique). Dans les deux cas en effet, ce voyageur apparaît comme un individu identique aux autres et que son environnement n'affecte pas. Or, le moment du déplacement est celui d'une construction identitaire qui naît du rapport conjoint à l'espace et à autrui. La fréquentation d'un réseau de transport donne lieu à la construction d'une identité territoriale. Le réseau ne s'oppose pas au territoire, le réseau est territoire. La méthodologie principale retenue pour vérifier l'existence de cette construction identitaire ainsi que son rôle dans l'aisance du voyageur est l'enquête qualitative par entretiens semi-directifs. Favoriser l'interaction territoriale apparait comme une piste intéressante pour améliorer l'aisance du voyageur au sein des espaces de mobilité. Cela nous invite à réfléchir à l'aménagement des espaces de mobilité non pas uniquement en termes ergonomiques et esthétiques (c'est-à-dire en termes spatiaux), même s'ils sont incontournables, mais simultanément en termes d'engagement social, sous la forme de la concertation autour d'un lieu, d'actions politiques plus larges ou de construction de sociabilités ; en termes de représentation cartographique, voire topographique des espaces traversés, pourquoi pas sous la forme d'une cartographie participative ; et, plus largement, selon une logique qui opposerait l'aisance à la performance et favoriserait l'ouverture des lieux contre leur fermeture, l'incisif contre le lisse, la dispersion contre l'unité, la variation contre l'uniformité de la cohérence. Ce sont autant de dimensions suggérées et prolongées par l'analyse du réseau sous l'angle géographique (à travers les notions de frontière, d'échelle, de maîtrise du territoire, de polarisation, de paysage, de valeur symbolique des lieux).</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>Le voyageur au sein des espaces de mobilité : un individu face à une machine ou un être socialisé en interaction avec un territoire ? Les déterminants de l'aisance au cours du déplacement urbain.</text>
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                <text>The expression of social groups is not likely to be promoted in areas originally planned as technical artifacts. Cultural and political events are congestion factors, incompatible with the main value of any network: fluidity. However, from the beginning of the 1980's, the Parisian city transport authority (RATP) initiated a process of “humanization” of its spaces. Since then, Culture has been springing up in the Paris métro in many ways, ranging from live performances of famous artists (Placebo, PJ Harvey, Supergrass, etc.) to exhibitions, including the redesigning of certain. Each of these events is an underground manifestation of wider urban cultures, as evidenced by the design of the Louvres-Rivoli station, which reproduces the works exhibited in the eponymic museum – clearly a way of displaying the city's patrimony. The invited artists are not issued from the subway anymore: they became famous in a much wider cultural area, the occidental one. Political activity is still officially excluded, though: demonstrating in the métro spaces has been forbidden since 1948, there are no notice boards devoted to public expression, and even leafletting is prohibited.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nevertheless, since the begining of the 2000's, political events have mushroomed all over the network, in illegal ways. Between 2001 and 2003, hundreds of advertising posters were smeared by anticapitalist and feminist activists. Several anarchist unions also organized “open door” sessions (during which people did not have to pay to enter the métro), thereby advocating free transport. These movements have been followed by spontaneous action, of a political but also of a cultural type, as exemplified by flash mobs or subway parties. Using various examples, we intend to show that each time political and cultural events bloom spontaneously, they specifically refer to the métro. A transformation is happening that managing authorities have not planned: the métro is becoming less and less of an urban network and more and more of a territory in itself.</text>
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                <text>Political and cultural events in the Parisian métro: manifestations of urban or mobile communities ?</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>Political and cultural events in the Parisian métro: manifestations of urban or mobile communities ?</text>
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                <text>Compte-rendu de la première session du colloque "Reprendre formes. Formes urbaines, pouvoirs et&lt;br /&gt;expériences." (Lausanne, juin 2006).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Les infrastructures de réseau sont à l'interface entre les formes matérielles (issues de planifications fortes, comme dans les villes nouvelles, ou d'évolutions, de surimpositions) et les formes immatérielles (le réseau aérien par exemple). Dans leur implémentation et leur gestion, quel est le rôle des sentiers de dépendance, et quelles nouvelles influences ont les processus de participation citoyenne ?</text>
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                <text>Les infrastructures de réseaux : Enjeux renouvelés de l'action publique.</text>
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                <text>conomie, innovation, réseaux, mutation urbaine, Campbell Tim</text>
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                <text>Building infrastructure for mobility: The case of self-service bicycle programs in Paris&lt;br/&gt;Sustainable city, new technologies, mobility. These, among others, are some of the terms commonly used to refer to the globalization of the self-service bicycle programmes. Valued for its 'planet friendly' character, these systems have become the hallmark for cities that want to become part of the so-called 'green culture'. Drawing from the experience of the Vélib' program in Paris, this essay problematizes the notions of sustainable city and mobility and describes the collective and controversial work needed to elaborate and stabilize this infrastructure. This essay describes the instruments, strategies and movements (political, urban and technical) used in the conception of this system. The first part of the text describes how the system of public bicycles is conceived as a symbol of the rebirth of urban practices in a big contemporary metropolis. The second part draws on empirical material from a case study of a self-service bicycle system in Paris and analyses two controversies at the beginning of the project. These controversies, which will be analysed from a pragmatic perspective, will allow us to move beyond the common, culturalist way of conceptualizing these infrastructures.</text>
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                <text>Valued for its 'planet friendly' character, these systems have become the hallmark for cities that want to become part of the so-called 'green culture'. The Vélib' program is the largest system of its kind in the world, with 1800 stations and 20600 bikes. This paper intends to analyze the Vélib' system by considering an often ignored, but essential dimension on the subject: the invisible work, which about 400 agents realize on a daily basis to maintain the functioning of this sustainable mobility program. This presentation will analyse the plurality of operations through which the Vélib' system is updated 24 hours a day. It does so by drawing on interviews and ethnographic observations made in a repair workshop, as well as observations made through accompanying technicians in the field. Through the description of the knowledge and the know-how mobilized by agents, I will show how these actors, through their daily contact with the city and users, become real "sociologists" of mobility and of the users. The urban ecology appears to the maintenance agents as a real field of exploration and experiment, a space inhabited by uncertainty, which the agents have to repair and maintain by a diversity of instruments and practices</text>
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