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                <text>Nous nous intéressons ici à la genèse d'un outil statistique : le guide des tableaux de bord sociodémographiques des quartiers, publié en 1996 et censé permettre aux statisticiens de l'Insee d'étudier, avec des méthodes et des indicateurs standardisés, les quartiers dits sensibles de France. Il s'agit à la fois de comprendre les conditions sociales d'élaboration de cet outil technique, ses effets relatifs au regard porté sur la différenciation sociospatiale, et les difficultés rencontrées pour construire une catégorie nationale (les quartiers sensibles) d'une action publique qui porte sur des localités diversifiées (la politique de la ville).</text>
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                <text>Cet article propose une sociologie des productions intellectuelles consacrées, entre les années 1985 et 1995, à la question des « quartiers sensibles ». Il analyse plus particulièrement l'invention, par des sociologues proches d'Alain Touraine, d'une grille d'analyse de la situation dans les « banlieues », et met en évidence le rôle de la revue Esprit dans sa mise en forme, sa diffusion et sa réappropriation par les chargés de mission du ministère de la Ville.</text>
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                <text>Genèses,  60, 3, 2005-11-01, pp.57-75</text>
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                <text>Tissot, Sylvie</text>
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                <text>The enlargement of the EU/EEA area on 1 May 2004 to comprise 28 countries – including eight Central and Eastern European countries, in 2007 followed by Bulgaria and Romania – was a milestone. The subsequent opening of the markets for labor and services between countries with gaps in wages and living conditions comparable to those along the U.S./Mexican border has no modern precedent, prompting new patterns of competition, migration and adjustment in national labor market regimes. This paper reviews developments in labor migration after enlargement and the implications for the labor markets in the Baltic states and Poland, which have accounted for a predominant share of the intra-EU/EEA migration flows since 2004. Besides the UK and Ireland, where almost one million EU8 citizens had registered in 2007, the booming Nordic economies have become important destinations, having granted more than 250,000 permits and seen sizeable additional flows of service providers and self-employed from the Baltic states and Poland. In the sending countries, rising demand for labor has, alongside strong outmigration – especially among young and well-educated groups – engendered falling unemployment, soaring wage growth, and made shortages of skills and labor an obstacle to further economic recovery. Yet, while better paid temporary work abroad may weaken the incentives for employment, mobility and training in the home country, aging will lead to shrinking working-age populations in the coming years. Unless the Baltic states and Poland can entice a larger share of the population to work in their home countries – and/or can attract substantial labor migration from third countries – the declining work force may easily entail economic stagnation and reinforce the outflow of human resources. These countries are thereby facing a critical juncture in their economic and social development. In the recipient Nordic countries, the growing labor and service mobility, low cost production, and competition for labor in Europe, as well as emerging lines of division in the labor markets, have, on the other hand, raised new questions as to how the principles of free movement and the egalitarian Nordic models can be made reconcilable in the open European markets.</text>
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                <text>"French suburbs" : A New Problem or a New Approach to Social Exclusion ?</text>
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                  <text>Articulo – Journal of Urban Research est une publication en ligne à comité de lecture qui se consacre aux questions urbaines. Multidisciplinaire, la revue publie des contributions théoriques et empiriques portant sur les transformations sociales, environnementales et économiques des villes et des régions urbaines. Elle sert de forum international aux scientifiques et praticiens travaillant sur les problématiques urbaines dans le monde.</text>
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                <text>Cet article porte sur un processus de gentrification dans un quartier d’une grande agglomération des États-Unis, Boston. Il montre que ce processus n’a pas seulement résulté de l’évolution des forces du marché et du retour des capitaux dans les centres-villes, des politiques de rénovation urbaine et de transformations culturelles. La mobilisation collective des nouveaux propriétaires a eu un impact décisif, via les associations de quartier dans lesquelles ils se sont engagés depuis les années 1960. </text>
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                <text>This article concerns the process of gentrification in a district of a large urban area in the United States, Boston. It shows that this process has resulted not only from the evolution of market forces and the return of wealth to the inner cities, urban renewal policies and cultural transformations. The collective mobilisation of new property owners has also had a decisive impact, via the neighbourhood associations in which they have been involved since the 1960s. </text>
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                <text>Il y a aujourd'hui peu de connexions entre les analyses économiques des structures urbaines d'une part, et les travaux en économie des transports et de l'environnement d'autre part. Cependant, bien qu'en apparence disjoints, ces domaines entretiennent des liens substantiels qui sont la conséquence du fait que nos économies sont aujourd'hui presque totalement urbanisées et que, de ce fait, leur fonctionnement économique se traduit directement dans les structures économiques et sociales de leurs villes. En conséquence, l'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'étudier les liens entre les fondamentaux économiques urbains (demande d'espace des ménages, nature et importance des coûts objectifs et perçus des différents modes de transport), les structures urbaines et l'impact écologique de la ville, en débouchant sur une analyse du rôle des aménageurs publics et des politiques urbaines qu'ils mettent en place. Les politiques urbaines déclenchent des mécanismes complexes qui provoquent des effets diffërents à court terme et à long terme. Les effets à court terme passent par un changement des conditions et des coûts de chaque mode de transport. Les habitants vont réagir par une modification des comportements de déplacement, ce qui implique des impacts sur les niveaux de congestion et de pollution. Mais ces effets peuvent être plus profonds qu'une simple modification de l'intensité d'usage des transports urbains. A long terme, les modifications des coûts de déplacement et de l'attractivité de la ville conduisent à de nouvelles décisions de localisation, ce qui peut affecter fortement la structure de la ville. En retour, la modification de la structure socio-spatiale de la ville détermine de nouvelles conditions de déplacement et de qualité environnementale. Ainsi, la structure sociale de la ville non seulement influence les conditions et la structure de déplacements et la qualité environnementale, mais elle peut être également le résultat à long terme de ces deux facteurs. Dans ce contexte, la décision du planificateur ne doit pas être limitee à une perspective de court terme, parce que ces choix peuvent transformer radicalement la structure entière de la ville et des effets inattendus peuvent apparaitre.</text>
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                <text>Cette recherche s'inscrit dans la lignée des travaux sur les ambiances architecturales et urbaines. Elle se propose de tester des modèles morphodynamiques générant des représentations de phénomènes sensibles par synthèse numérique. Une confrontation entre l'observation in situ de ces phénomènes et les représentations sonores et visuelles issues de la synthèse est alors rendue possible. L'expérimentation numérique permet un retour à l'observation et à la catégorisation de phénomènes sensibles. Le modèle physique peut ainsi être utilisé comme un outil de reconstruction d'effets et par là même d'aide à la conception. Deux exemples qui, de façon récurrente, émergent dans l'espace public urbain sont développés : les dynamiques de conduites piétonnières et les effets sonores. À partir des notions d'expérience, de processus et de relation, nous verrons comment il peut être possible de passer d'une pensée de la forme à une pensée du mouvement. Cette recherche s'est réalisée dans le cadre d'une collaboration entre le CRESSON [Centre de recherche sur l'espace sonore et l'environnement urbain] et l'ACROE [Association sur la Création et la Recherche sur les Outils d'Expression].</text>
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&#13;
Tiziana Villani est philosophe et essayiste. Elle enseigne la “Phénomenologie de l’art contemporaine” au NABA (Nouvelle Académie des Beaux Arts) de Milan. Elle dirige les revues millepiani et millepiani/urban.</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; No detailed comparison of the city-state in medieval Europe has been undertaken over the last century. Research has concentrated on the role of city-states and their republican polities as harbingers of the modern state, or else on their artistic and cultural achievements, above all in Italy. Much less attention has been devoted to the cities' territorial expansion: why, how, and with what consequences cities in the urban belt, stretching from central and northern Italy over the Alps to Switzerland, Germany, and the low countries, succeeded (or failed) in constructing sovereign polities, with or without dependent territories.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Tom Scott goes beyond the customary focus on the leading Italian city-states to include, for the first time, detailed coverage of the Swiss city-states and the imperial cities of Germany. He criticizes current typologies of the city-state in Europe advanced by political and social scientists to suggest that the city-state was not a spent force in early modern Europe, but rather survived by transformation and adaption. He puts forward instead a typology which embraces both time and space by arguing for a regional framework for analysis which does not treat city-states in isolation but within a wider geopolitical setting.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Tom Scott&lt;/b&gt; is Honorary Professor, School of History, University of St Andrews&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>Basé sur les résultats de plusieurs années de recherche de terrain dans différentes villes chinoises, cet article se penche sur les effets de la réforme du logement urbain et de la réorganisation de la ville chinoise sur la reconnaissance des droits des citoyens. Son objectif est double. On mettra d'abord en évidence la relation directe qui existe entre la volonté gouvernementale de préserver la stabilité sociale et la nouvelle carte d’occupation des espaces urbains. On montrera ensuite comment la gestion de ces nouveaux espaces joue en faveur d’une justification de la loyauté envers l’État. </text>
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                <text>http://perspectiveschinoises.revues.org/5139</text>
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                <text>fr</text>
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                <text>Fabriquer une communauté Gestion des évolutions sociales dans les villes chinoises</text>
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                <text>Claramunt, Christophe</text>
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                <text>Mental representations of spatial knowledge are organized hierarchically. Among people familiar with an urban environment, common spatial knowledge from these spatial mental representations enables successful communication of place and route descriptions, consisting of hierarchically-ordered references to prominent spatial features, such as streets. The more prominent a street is, the more likely it is to be known by the wayfinder receiving the directions. The automated construction of such descriptions therefore requires hierarchical data models ranking streets in street networks. This paper explores the reasons of overlaps in the content and hierarchical organization of common spatial knowledge among locals. We introduce a novel measure allowing to rank streets in a street network. This ranking allows to construct experiential hierarchies reflecting the shared experience of the streets in a city. The measure is derived from network connectivity measures, and takes into account the structure of the street network as well as the higher-order partition of the urban space into suburbs.</text>
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                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00771873</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2007.03.003</text>
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                <text>ADMINENSAM: http://hdl.handle.net/10985/6678</text>
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                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/77/18/73/PDF/tomko07experiential_preprint.pdf</text>
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                <text>Computers, Environment and Urban Systems</text>
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                <text>ISSN:0198-9715</text>
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                <text>[INFO:INFO_MO] Computer Science/Modeling and Simulation</text>
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                <text>[SHS:INFO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences</text>
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                <text>Experiential hierarchy</text>
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                <text>network analysis</text>
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                <text>centrality</text>
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                <text>Experiential Hierarchies of Streets</text>
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                <text>article in peer-reviewed journal</text>
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                  <text>Belgeo est la seule revue scientifique nationale de géographie en Belgique. Au-delà des articles thématiques ou de réflexion, la revue a pour objectif de couvrir les grandes questions géographiques, les problèmes européens et mondiaux ainsi que les problèmes nationaux. Belgeo permet également la propagation des résultats de recherches menées par des géographes belges, souvent à la jonction des approches anglo-saxonne et latine, et ouvre ses pages aux derniers développements tant en géographie humaine que physique.</text>
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                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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                <text>Tömöri, Mihály</text>
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                <text>Süli-Zakar, István</text>
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                <text>En Hongrie, le logement est confronté à d’importantes mutations depuis les années de transition politique et économique. Durant les décennies du socialisme, ce secteur se trouvait sous le contrôle de l’état et les forces du marché étaient marginales, voire inexistantes. En conséquence, l’un des changements majeurs dans le secteur fut l’établissement d’un marché résidentiel de type occidental à la suite du changement de régime. La dernière crise économique mondiale a eu un impact crucial sur le marché du logement hongrois, dont le chiffre d’affaires a considérablement chuté ces dernières années. Les familles qui finançaient leur logement à l’aide de prêts hypothécaires étrangers se retrouvent dans la situation la plus difficile. La très nette dévaluation du forint par rapport aux autres monnaies a entraîné une hausse significative des remboursements de crédits en monnaie étrangère. Dans un premier temps, l’article analyse la littérature sur les théories du marché du logement et met en évidence les étapes majeures du développement du marché résidentiel hongrois. La seconde partie présente les questions ainsi que les zones les plus problématiques de ce marché avant d’analyser les conséquences de la crise économique actuelle. </text>
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                <text>Housing in Hungary has undergone significant changes since the years of political and economic transition. During the socialist decades the housing sector was controlled by the state, market forces were marginal or non-existent. Thus, one of the biggest changes in housing was the establishment of a western-type residential market after the regime change. The latest worldwide economic crisis has had a dramatic impact on the Hungarian housing market. The turnover of the Hungarian residential market has declined enormously in the past few years. Those families who financed their housing by foreign currency mortgages are facing the hardest situation. The Hungarian forint has significantly weakened against other currencies having resulted in a dramatic increase in foreign currency mortgage payments. First, the paper briefly reviews the literature on housing theories, then it outlines the most important milestones in the development of the Hungarian residential market. The next part of the paper introduces the most problematic issues and areas concerning housing in Hungary, and finally analyzes the effects and consequences of the present economic crisis. </text>
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                <text>http://belgeo.revues.org/6289</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="556101">
                <text>doi:10.4000/belgeo.6289</text>
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                <text>en</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="556103">
                <text>global economic crisis</text>
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                <text>housing</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="556105">
                <text>Hungary</text>
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                <text>migration</text>
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                <text>residential market</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="556108">
                <text>crise économique mondiale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="556109">
                <text>Hongrie</text>
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                <text>logement</text>
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                <text>marché résidentiel</text>
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                <text>migrations</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="556113">
                <text>The state of the Hungarian residential market in the time of the global economic crisis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="556114">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="190808">
                <text>Kornblum, William. Directeur de thèse </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="190809">
                <text> Haumont, Bernard. Directeur de thèse </text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="190810">
                <text>Tonnelat, Stéphane</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="190811">
                <text>2003</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="190812">
                <text>Deux approches complémentaires ont été élaborées afin d’analyser quatre interstices urbains, espaces résiduels de l’aménagement, en quatre monographies, à Paris et New York. La première approche, "majeure" et urbanistique, s’articule autour de la notion de désordre et identifie l’évolution des terrains dans un circuits de dégradation, d’entretien, de contrôle et de renouvellement propre à l’aménagement urbain. Elle définit aussi un cadre pour la deuxième approche, "mineure" et ethnographique, qui prend acte de l’"impossibilité à prendre place" dans l’interstice qui pousse au passage, alors considéré comme "engagement dominant" (Goffman). Sont analysés des dispositifs de capture de flux (Charenton, Times Square), de transformation des relations à l’environnement (Jetée 84 sur l’Hudson et Bibliothèque nationale de France) et de constitution de réseaux interstitiels qui traversent la ville. Les interstices seraient alors autant des espaces à transformer que des espaces "transformateurs".</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="190813">
                <text>Attention : le lien URL envoie sur le catalogue de l'Université de Paris 12.  Faire une recherche par auteur ou mot(s) du titre pour visualiser la notice contenant le lien de la thèse vers le texte intégral.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="190814">
                <text>http://armada.scd.univ-paris12.fr/F?func=file&amp;file_name=find-b&amp;local_base=these</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="190815">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/118</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="190817">
                <text>Fr</text>
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                <text>Université Paris XII Val de Marne</text>
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                <text>City University of New York (CUNY)</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Paris, New York, friche industrielle, espace résiduel</text>
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                <text>Urbanisme et aménagement</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Interstices urbains Paris - New York : entre contrôles et mobilités, quatre espaces résiduels de l’aménagement</text>
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                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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                  <text>PERSEE</text>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="386912">
                <text>37-51</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="386913">
                <text>Tony Champion</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2001</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
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La migration nette depuis les zones urbaines vers les espaces ruraux reste la dimension la plus importante des dynamiques de distribution du peuplement à l'intérieur de la Grande-Bretagne. Son ampleur change avec le temps mais confirme un processus de 'counterurbanization cascade' distribuant la population vers le bas de la hiérarchie urbaine. Une large frange de la population prend part à ce mouvement, à l'exception toutefois des jeunes adultes et des groupes minoritaires ethniques. On peut attribuer ce processus à de nombreuses causes, comme dans d'autres pays. Cependant, ici on propose d'expliquer, en particulier par deux causes, pourquoi ce processus se manifeste plus fort et plus constamment en Grande-Bretagne. Il s'agit de la politique de 'l' urban containment' et d'une préférence clairement exprimée par le peuple britannique pour une vie à la campagne.</text>
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                <text>, délinquance, gouvernance, ségrégation urbaine, inégalité, inequality, sécurité, renouvellement urbain, néolibéralisme, pauvreté, développement urbain, apartheid, Cape Town, Le Cap, mondialisation, global city, ville mondiale, Samara Tony Roshan</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Reveals how liberal democracy and free-market economics reproduce the inequalities of apartheid in Cape Town, South Africa&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Nearly two decades after the dismantling of apartheid in South Africa, how different does the nation look? In Cape Town, is hardening inequality under conditions of neoliberal globalization actually reproducing the repressive governance of the apartheid era? By exploring issues of urban security and development, Tony Roshan Samara brings to light the features of urban apartheid that increasingly mark not only Cape Town but also the global cities of our day&amp;mdash;cities as diverse as Los Angeles, Rio de Janeiro, Paris, and Beijing.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Cape Town after Apartheid focuses on urban renewal and urban security policies and practices in the city center and townships as this aspiring world-class city actively pursues a neoliberal approach to development. The city&amp;rsquo;s attempt to escape its past is, however, constrained by crippling inequalities, racial and ethnic tensions, political turmoil, and persistent insecurity. Samara shows how governance in Cape Town remains rooted in the perceived need to control dangerous populations and protect a somewhat fragile and unpopular economic system. In urban areas around the world, where the affluent minority and poor majority live in relative proximity to each other, aggressive security practices and strict governance reflect and reproduce the divided city.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; A critical case for understanding a transnational view of urban governance, especially in highly unequal, majority-poor cities, this closely observed study of postapartheid Cape Town affords valuable insight into how security and governance technologies from the global North combine with local forms to create new approaches to social control in cities across the global South.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>Au moment même ' les années 1980 ' où la sociologie française  découvrait « l'école de Chicago », une partie de l'historiographie  nord-américaine et européenne prenait un tour révisionniste qui tendait à  mettre en cause la pertinence de cet étiquetage et la consistance même de  l'objet. Deux ouvrages récents illustrent avec force ce point de vue. Andrew  Abbott (Department and Discipline : Chicago  Sociology at One Hundred, 1999) montre que la première école de  Chicago est une création culturelle de la seconde. Jean-Michel Chapoulie  (La tradition sociologique de Chicago,  1892-1961, 2001) donne le premier travail historique d'ensemble  écrit en français sur le sujet et démonte méthodiquement les mythes sédimentés  sur celui-ci. Ces deux enquêtes exemplaires d'histoire des sciences sociales  ont su se tenir rigoureusement à distance du présentisme ordinaire des  hagiographes comme des contempteurs de ladite école en appliquant à leur objet  une méthode interactionniste conséquente.</text>
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  Enquêtant dans le quartier le plus opulent de Chicago, le jeune sociologue Harvey W. Zorbaugh ? élève de Park et Burgess à l'université ? a recueilli des témoignages écrits auprès de femmes de la haute société. Trois de ces textes, retrouvés dans les archives de Burgess, sont publiés ici. Ils montrent avec beaucoup de saveur les règles du jeu social et le rôle crucial des femmes dans le fonctionnement de ce monde, la façon dont elles se conforment aux contraintes tout en s'en jouant, mais aussi le prix qu'elles doivent payer pour s'acquitter de cette tâche. Ces documents permettent aussi d'observer de près en quoi consistait une enquête au département de sociologie de Chicago dans les années 1920.
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