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                <text>Archela, Rosely Sampaio</text>
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                <text>Rosolém, Nathália Prado</text>
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                <text>2009-06-16</text>
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                <text>Cet essai méthodologique fait partie d’une recherche qui vise à une réflexion sur la méthodologie cartographique d’André Journaux (1984) concernant la cartographie de l’environnement, et à partir de travaux réalisés et orientés par ce chercheur ainsi que  l’étude de sa légende spécifique. La première phase, présentée dans cet article est caractérisée par la proposition de la légende utilisée pour représenter la dynamique de l’environnement de la ville de Londrina. </text>
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                <text>This methodological essay is part of a research that focus on achieving a reflection on the methodology cartographic of André Journaux (1984) for environmental cartography, from the analysis of work performed and directed by this researcher and the study of it’s specific legend. The first phase, presented in this article characterized by the legend proposal that will be used to represent the environmental dynamics of Londrina. </text>
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                <text>Este ensaio metodológico faz parte de uma pesquisa que tem como foco realizar uma reflexão sobre a metodologia cartográfica de André Journaux (1984) para a cartografia ambiental a partir da análise de trabalhos realizados e orientados por esse pesquisador e um estudo de sua legenda específica. A primeira fase, apresentada neste artigo, caracteriza-se pela proposta de legenda que será utilizada para representar a dinâmica ambiental da cidade de Londrina. </text>
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                <text>http://confins.revues.org/5900</text>
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                <text>Cartography</text>
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                <text>dynamic environment</text>
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                <text>environment.</text>
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                <text>Londrina</text>
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                <text>Paraná</text>
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                <text>cartographie</text>
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                <text>dynamique de l’environnement</text>
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                <text>environnement</text>
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                <text>cartografia</text>
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                <text>dinâmica ambiental</text>
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                <text>meio ambiente.</text>
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                <text>Legenda geral do mapa ambiental de Londrina: ensaio metodológico de cartografia</text>
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                <text>Pereira, Prof. Dr. Alexandre Queiroz</text>
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                <text>2013-03-24</text>
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                <text>L'urbanisation côtière et la villégiature maritime sont des sujets chers aux études de géographie urbaine du Nordeste brésilien. La tâche théorico-méthodologie, qui est l’objet de cet article, cherche à comprendre la production de spatialités maritimes modernes dans les zones côtières métropolitaines de Fortaleza au cours desquatre dernières décennies. Il s’agit ici d’analyser le cas de l’espace périurbain métropolitain de Fortaleza, mettant en évidence un réseau de lieux côtiers appropriés pour la pratique de la villégiature. On indique l’examen de la villégiature maritime comme un vecteur de métropolisation et d'internationalisation. Ce document est le résultat de plusieurs pratiques méthodologiques (descriptive, analytique et explicative) fondées sur des recherches hémérothèques, d’une revue de la littérature sur la question et d’observations de terrain. La pratique maritime mise en évidence est l’une des multiples expressions du processus d'urbanisation, et son analyse vise à contribuer à la compréhension des modes de vie urbains contemporains. En considérant les avantages de la localisation historiquement produite, le processus consolide l'urbanisation du littoral de la région métropolitaine de Fortaleza. Donc, la métropole du Nordeste met l'accent sur sa situation côtière, devenant de plus en plus reconnue pour les pratiques maritimes qu’elle abrite. </text>
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                <text>The coastal urbanization and the maritime summer vacation are crucial themes to the urban geography studies in the Northeast region. This theoretic-methodological undertaking in the form of an article aims to comprehend the production of modern maritime spatialities in the metropolitan coastal spaces of Fortaleza during the last four decades. In order to do so, the case of the metropolitan peri-urban space of Fortaleza has been analyzed with focus on the network of appropriate coastal places to perform summer vacation activities. The examination of maritime summer vacation is indicated as a vector of metropolization and internationalization. This document is the result of diverse methodological practices (descriptive, analytical and explicative) established in documental and bibliographical research, and on field observations. The highlighted maritime practice is one of the multiple syntheses of the urbanization process, and its investigation contributes to the understanding of the contemporary urban way of life. Considering the locational advantages historically produced, the process consolidates the urbanization of the metropolitan coastal space in Fortaleza. Therefore, the northeastern metropolis lays emphasis on its coastal condition and becomes well-known for the maritime practices it holds. </text>
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                <text>A urbanização litorânea e a vilegiatura marítima são temas caros aos estudos de geografia urbana na região Nordeste. A empreitada teórica-metodologia, que ora se reveste em artigo, objetiva compreender a produção das espacialidades da maritimidade moderna nos espaços litorâneos metropolitanos de Fortaleza, tendo como recorte temporal as últimas quatro décadas. Para tanto, analisou-se o caso do espaço periurbano metropolitano de Fortaleza, destacando a rede de lugares litorâneos apropriados para a prática da vilegiatura. A priori, indica-se o exame da vilegiatura marítima como um vetor de metropolização e internacionalização. Este documento é fruto de práticas metodológicas diversas (descritivas, analíticas e explicativas) fundamentadas em pesquisa hemerotecária, pesquisa bibliográfica e observações de campo. A prática marítima em destaque é uma das múltiplas sínteses do processo de urbanização, sendo sua investigação uma contribuição ao entendimento do modo de vida urbano contemporâneo. Haja vista as vantagens locacionais historicamente produzidas, o processo consolida a urbanização do espaço litorâneo metropolitano de Fortaleza. Assim, a metrópole nordestina enfatiza sua condição litorânea, tornando-se cada vez mais reconhecida pelas práticas marítimas que abriga. </text>
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                <text>http://confins.revues.org/8329</text>
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                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.8329</text>
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                <text>fr</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="562509">
                <text>Ceará coast</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="562510">
                <text>maritimity</text>
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                <text>urbanization</text>
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                <text>espaces littoraux du Ceará</text>
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                <text>maritimité</text>
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                <text>urbanisation</text>
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                <text>espaço litorâneo cearense</text>
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                <text>urbanização e maritimidade</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Quatro Décadas de Transformações: A vilegiatura marítima no litoral metropolitano de Fortaleza, Ceará – Brasil</text>
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                <text>Carlos, Ana Fani Alessandri</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2008-02-17</text>
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                <text>Dans cet article on part de l'hypothèse que les relations sociales se réalisent, concrètement, en tant que relations spatiales, et que donc la dynamique de l'espace urbain doit être entendue au travers de la dynamique du processus de reproduction sociale. Aujourd’hui, les métamorphoses socio-spatiales  de la métropole de São Paulo sont dues au passage de l’hégémonie du capital industriel au capital financier appuyé par l’action de l’État. Il s’agit d’un moment où la « production de l’espace » gagne beaucoup d’importance pour dévoiler le monde moderne. </text>
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                <text>This article assumes that social relations occurr, concretely, as spatial relations, so the dynamics of urban space must be understood through the dynamics of the process of social reproduction. Today, the socio-spatial metamorphosis of the São Paulo metropolis rely on the transition from the hegemony of industrial capital to the financial capital helped by the State. It is a moment where the "production" of the space gains importance in the understanding of the modern world. </text>
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                <text>Neste artigo partimos da hipótese de que as relações espaciais se realizam, concretamente, enquanto relações sociais, portanto a dinâmica do espaço urbano deve ser entendida através da dinâmica do processo de reprodução social. Hoje, as metamorfoses sócio-espaciais da metrópole de Sào Paulo se apoiam na passagem da hegemonia do capital indistrial ao capital financeiro apoiada na açào do Estado. Trata-se de um momento onde a « produção do espaço » ganha importância para a compreensão do mundo moderno. </text>
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                <text>http://confins.revues.org/1502</text>
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                <text>daily life.</text>
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                <text>metropolis</text>
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                <text>urban</text>
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                <text>accumulation</text>
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                <text>métropole</text>
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                <text>vie quotidienne</text>
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                <text>Dynamique urbaine et métropolisation, le cas de São Paulo</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="562548">
                <text>Lisboa, Cristiane Kleba</text>
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                <text>Barros, Mirian Vizintim Fernandes</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2010-03-16</text>
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                <text>Dans la définition des outils d’évaluation environnementale et de qualité de vie, l’empreinte écologique (Ecological Footprint), proposée par William Rees et Mathis Wackernagel (1996), est utilisée comme un important indicateur environnemental et de développement durable à différentes échelles d’analyse. Dans le présent article elle est utilisée pour une analyse environnementale urbaine, en évaluant les impacts produits par la ville de Londrina-PR et par les citoyens qui y habitent. L’empreinte a été calculée selon neuf variables, qualitatives et quantitatives, analysées à partir d’outils de Système d’Informations Géographiques (SIG). </text>
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                <text>In the definition of environmental evaluation tools and life quality, the Ecological Footprint, proposed by William Rees and Mathis Wackernagel (1996), it has been used as an important indicator of environmental and sustainability pointer at different analysis scales. In the current article it was used the Ecological Footprint for an urban analysis, evaluating the impacts generated by the city of Londrina-PR and by its citizens. The footprint was calculated through nine variables, qualitative and quantitative, analyzed from the Geographic Information System GIS. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562553">
                <text>Na definição de ferramentas de avaliação ambiental e qualidade de vida, a Pegada Ecológica (Ecological Footprint), proposta por William Rees e Mathis Wackernagel (1996), vem sendo utilizada como um importante indicador ambiental e de sustentabilidade em diferentes escalas de análise. No presente artigo utilizou-se a Pegada Ecológica para uma análise ambiental urbana, avaliando os impactos gerados pela cidade de Londrina-PR, e pelos cidadãos que nela habitam. A pegada foi calculada através de nove variáveis, qualitativas e quantitativas, analisadas a partir de ferramentas de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG).  </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>http://confins.revues.org/6395</text>
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                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.6395</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562556">
                <text>fr</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="562557">
                <text>Ecological Footprint</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562558">
                <text>GIS</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562559">
                <text>Sustainability</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562560">
                <text>Urban Analysis</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562561">
                <text>Londrina</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562562">
                <text>analyse urbaine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562563">
                <text>durabilité</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562564">
                <text>empreinte écologique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562565">
                <text>SIG</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562566">
                <text>Análise Urbana</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562567">
                <text>Pegada Ecológica</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562568">
                <text>SIG.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562569">
                <text>Sustentabilidade</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562570">
                <text>A pegada ecológica como instrumento de avaliação ambiental para a cidade de Londrina</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>article</text>
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                  <text>Confins</text>
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                  <text/>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562572">
                <text>Beyer, Antoine</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="562573">
                <text>2011-07-02</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>La question des transports a joué un rôle décisif dans la candidature de Rio aux Jeux Olympiques de 2016. Pour remporter d’adhésion du CIO, les autorités locales ont fait la promesse d’une restructuration radicale de l’offre. L’ambitieux plan à réaliser s’appuie sur les divers projets laissés jusque-là sans suite. Faute de financements ? En partie seulement. La raison plus profonde est à chercher dans l’incapacité structurelle des politiques à modifier le cadre d’exercice du service public des transports, laissé au puissant cartel des sociétés d’autobus. L’organisation actuelle répond de plus en plus mal aux besoins de mobilité d’une métropole de plus de 11 millions d’habitants et contribue à approfondir les déséquilibres sociaux et spatiaux que l’offre de transport informel suscitée par la carence du système contribue encore à le fragiliser. La situation de Rio est d’autant plus paradoxale que la seconde ville du pays est restée à l’écart des innovations retenues par l’emblématique ville de Curitiba, dont les solutions de Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) ont été adoptées dans la plupart des métropoles du pays. Pour Rio, l’échéance des Olympiades est donc un défi de taille. Présentés comme des investissements d’infrastructure, les projets de BRT doivent relier entre eux les sites olympiques et au-delà assurer l’émergence de pôles d’échange structurants à l’échelle métropolitaine. La question est alors de savoir si les aménagements planifiés vont parvenir à agir comme un levier pour restructurer en profondeur de l’offre. Un pari encore incertain dont l’enjeu est la redéfinition des rapports de pouvoir entre les sociétés de transport privées et les autorités publiques. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562575">
                <text>Reorganizing public transport in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro ahead of the Summer Olympic Games 2016.Public transportation played a decisive role in Rio de Janeiro’s bid to host the Summer Olympic Games 2016. To convince the CIO, the local authorities have promised a radical overhaul if the current transport infrastructure. The ambitious plan will rely on various unfinished projects, which were abandoned to a certain extent due to financing problems. But the primary reason for these unfinished projects is to be found in politicians’ inability to effect changes to the management of public transport, which is then left in the hands of the powerful bus company cartels. The currently infrastructure is gradually less capable of responding to the needs of a metropolis of more than 11 million inhabitants and this contributes to widen the social and geographical imbalances of the city, which then further impacts the current infrastructure making even more fragile.  This paradox is even greater when one thinks that Curitiba in the southern part of the country is known as an example of innovation in bus transportation with its famous BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) system that inspired so many cities worldwide and has been adopted by almost all other large Brazilian urban centres. For Rio, the preparation for the Olympic Games 2016 is a big task. Presented as infrastructure investments, the BRT projects will need to connect the sites of the Olympic games as well as promote the emergence of new exchange hubs structuring the future of the city. The big question now is whether the current plans will deliver the required changes to the current infrastructure. This is an uncertain bet, whose result will depend on the redefinition of the power struggle between private transport companies and the public authorities </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562576">
                <text>A reorganização do sistema de transportes foi um dos aspectos decisivos no projeto de candidatura apresentado pela cidade do Rio de Janeiro para acolher os Jogos Olímpicos em 2016. Para convencer o CIO foram prometidas mudanças radicais e o projeto apresentado retoma alguns projetos antigos que não chegaram a ser realizados. Isso não apenas por razões financeiras, mas sem dúvida também pela dificuldade estrutural dos políticos a intervir no funcionamento do serviço público de transporte, dominado por um cartel de empresas de ônibus. A organização atual responde cada vez menos às necessidades de uma metrópole de 11 milhões de habitantes e reforça desequilíbrios sociais e espaciais. A oferta de transporte informal que se desenvolve a partir das carências do sistema de transporte público fragiliza este mais ainda. Essa situação contrasta com o exemplo de Curitiba cujo BRT foi implantado em várias outras cidades brasileiras. Será que o planejamento previsto poderá impulsionar a reestruturação do sistema ? Trata-se de uma aposta cujos prognósticos ainda são desconhecidos : tudo será definido em torno das relações entre empresas de transporte privadas e o poder público. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562577">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/7087</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562578">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.7087</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562579">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562580">
                <text>governance.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562581">
                <text>metropolization</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562582">
                <text>Olympic Games 2016</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562583">
                <text>public transport</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562584">
                <text>Rio de Janeiro</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562585">
                <text>gouvernance.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562586">
                <text>Jeux Olympiques 2016</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562587">
                <text>métropolisation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562588">
                <text>transports publics</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562589">
                <text>governança</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562590">
                <text>Jogos Olímpicos de 2016</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562591">
                <text>metropolização</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562592">
                <text>transportes públicos</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562593">
                <text>L’échéance des Jeux Olympiques de 2016 et les stratégies de restructuration du transport métropolitain de Rio de Janeiro.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>article</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Confins</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text/>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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    </collection>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562632">
                <text>Amorim, Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562633">
                <text>Monteiro, Ana</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562634">
                <text>2011-11-30</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562635">
                <text>L'utilisation d'images infrarouges thermiques est une technique importante pour fournir des informations qualitatives sur la température d'une ville et peut grandement contribuer à la planification urbaine, ils montrent l'impact de la température de surface selon l'utilisation et l'occupation des terres. Cette recherche vise à analyser les différences en été des températures intra urbain par satellite Landsat 7 images thermiques dans deux villes de taille moyenne à différentes latitudes: Porto (Portugal) et Presidente Prudente (Brésil). Les résultats ont montré que certaines zones de la ville ont des températures de surface extrêmement élevées qui contribuent à l'inconfort. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562636">
                <text>The use of thermal infrared images is an important technique to provide qualitative information about the temperature of a city and can greatly contribute to urban planning as they show the impacts of the surface temperature according to the use and occupation of land. This research aims to analyze the differences in summer intra urban temperatures through Landsat 7 satellite thermal images in two medium-sized cities at different latitudes: Porto (Portugal) and Presidente Prudente (Brazil). The results showed that some areas of the city have extremely high surface temperatures contributing to the discomfort. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562637">
                <text>A utilização do sensor infravermelho termal é uma técnica importante para fornecer a temperatura qualitativa da cidade, que muito pode contribuir na perspectiva do planejamento urbano, na medida em que são definidos padrões na distribuição da temperatura da superfície de acordo com o uso e a ocupação do solo. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as diferenças de temperaturas intraurbanas por meio de imagens térmicas do satélite Landsat 7 em duas cidades de porte médio com latitudes diferentes: Porto (Portugal) e Presidente Prudente (Brasil) em episódios de verão. Os resultados mostraram que alguns locais das cidades apresentam temperaturas das superfícies extremamente elevadas contribuindo para o desconforto térmico. </text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="562638">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/7284</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="562639">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.7284</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562640">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562641">
                <text>Landsat 7</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562642">
                <text>Porto</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562643">
                <text>Presidente Prudente</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562644">
                <text>remote sensing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562645">
                <text>Urban climate</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562646">
                <text>Porto</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562647">
                <text>Presidente Prudente-SP</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562648">
                <text>Climat urbain</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562649">
                <text>Landsat 7</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562650">
                <text>Porto</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562651">
                <text>Presidente Prudente</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562652">
                <text>télédétection</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562653">
                <text>Clima urbano</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562654">
                <text>Landsat 7</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562655">
                <text>Porto.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562656">
                <text>Presidente Prudente</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562657">
                <text>sensoriamento remoto</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562658">
                <text>As temperaturas intraurbanas: exemplos do Brasil e de Portugal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
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  <item itemId="35614" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Confins</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text/>
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            <element elementId="37">
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
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    <elementSetContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562681">
                <text>Ferreira, Laerte Guimarães</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="562682">
                <text>Sousa, Silvio Braz de</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562683">
                <text>2012-06-24</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562684">
                <text>Un des impacts sur l’environnement urbain qui peuvent être considérées dans le procès de conversion de la coverture des terres est le changement de champ thermique par remplacement de la couverture superficiel naturelle, et l’appropriation de ces espaces pour les activités humaines. Cet article, l’avait comme zone d’étude la ville de Goiânia, capitale de l’Etat de Goias, le objective cet article est analyser le standart de distribution spatiale de la température de surface (TST) en Goiânia vers les années 2002 et 2011, utilisant les données du TM et ETM + à bord des satellites 5 et 7 de la série Landsat. Le méthode utilisée pour estimer le TST a été validée et évaluée par comparaison entre l’image thermique produire par la bande ETM + 6 et le MOD11A1, qui a montré une bonne corrélation (r² 0,70). Pour établir une étude de comparaison, a été généré des images anomalies thermiques, qui permit a conclu que, l’enregistrement des températures radouci dans le 15 août 2011, sur la zone urbanisée de la ville de Goiania présenté potentiellement plus chaudes qu’en 2002. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562685">
                <text>Among the urban environmental impacts that need to be considered in the process of land use, is the change in the thermal field induced by the replacement of the natural land cover, followed by the appropriation of these spaces for anthropic activities. Within this scope, the present work, conducted in the city of Goiânia, capital of the state of Goiás, aims to analyze the spatial distribution and patterns of land surface temperatures (LST) for the years 2002 and 2011, using data from the TM and ETM+ sensors (Landsat series). The method used to estimate the LST was evaluated and validated through comparisons between the thermal image, produced using the ETM+ band, and the MOD11A1 product, which presented good correlation (r² of 0.70). A preliminary comparative analysis, based on the thermal anomaly images, indicated that August 2011, in spite of milder temperatures on day 15, was potentially hotter, particularly along the urbanized areas, in relation to 2002. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562686">
                <text>Um dos impactos ambientais urbanos que deve ser considerado no processo da conversão da cobertura e uso da terra é a mudança no campo térmico por meio da substituição de coberturas superficiais naturais e apropriação destes espaços para atividades antrópicas.  Neste sentindo, o presente trabalho, tendo como área de estudo o município de Goiânia, capital do estado de Goiás, busca analisar o padrão de distribuição espacial da temperatura de superfície terrestre (TST) no município de Goiânia para os anos de 2002 e 2011, utilizando dados dos sensores TM e ETM+ abordo dos satélites 5 e 7 da série Landsat. O método usado para estimar a TST foi avaliado e validado através da comparação entre a imagem termal produzida por meio da banda 6 ETM+ e o Produto MOD11A1, o qual apresentou boa correlação (r² de 0,70). Para esboçar uma análise comparativa, foram geradas imagens de anomalias termais, as quais permitiram concluir que mesmo com o registro de temperaturas mais amenas em 15 de agosto de 2011, a área urbanizada do município de Goiânia apresentou-se potencialmente mais quente em relação a 2002. </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562687">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/7631</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562688">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.7631</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562689">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562690">
                <text>land surface temperature</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562691">
                <text>thermal anomalies.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562692">
                <text>thermal remote sensing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562693">
                <text>Goiânia (Goiás)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562694">
                <text>anomalies thermiques.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562695">
                <text>télédétection thermique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562696">
                <text>température superficielle</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562697">
                <text>anomalias termais.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562698">
                <text>sensoriamento remoto termal</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562699">
                <text>temperatura de superfície terrestre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562700">
                <text>Análise da temperatura de superfície em ambientes urbanos: um estudo por meio de sensoriamento remoto no município de Goiânia, Goiás (2002 – 2011)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644295">
                  <text>Confins</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644296">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562702">
                <text>Fernandes, André</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562703">
                <text>Sousa, João Figueira de</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562704">
                <text>2012-06-22</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562705">
                <text>Le processus d´évolution des ports à l´époque moderne a été déterminé par la mutabilité des fonctions portuaires, induite par des facteurs comme les évolutions technologiques des navires, des équipements d´appui à la manipulation des marchandises ou des techniques d´entreposage; les transformations du commerce international, les modifications dans l´organisation des transports maritimes ou l´élargissement et la complexification des chaînes logistiques globales. Comme résultat de ces mutations, nous assistons à un évolution concomittante de la structure, de la morphologie et de l´extension des espaces occupés par des activités portuaires et des activités complémentaires. Dans ce contexte, la relation entre le port et la ville de Lisbonne (Portugal) est actuellement marquée par une grande complexité qui met fin à une tradition historique ainsi que par la magnitude et l´intensité d´un processus mettant en jeu la principale infrastructure portuaire nationale et la plus grande ville du pays. Nous notons toutefois que nous passons d´une relation symbiotique ville-port, dans laquelle la ville était polarisatrice d´un système urbain régional et le principal élément de l´intégration nationale dans le réseau urbain de la péninsule ibérique et de l´Europe, à une situation où elle s´autonomize et assume un caractère éminemment généraliste, économiquement diversifié et fonctionnellement complexe. Malgré cette évolution, le port demeure un point nodal de l´intégration de la ville-région dans des systèmes globaux de flux matériels et immatériels. Même étant un élément progressivemment moins intégré à la structure urbaine et fonctionnelle de la ville, le port n´en continue pas moins à marquer la cadence d´importantes mutations et transformations. En effet, à la lumière de conceptualisations et systématisations théoriques et de l´analyse des évidences empiriques, nous analysons l´évolution de la relation entre le port et la ville de Lisbonne (incluant ses dimensions fonctionnelle, urbanistique et économique) et présentons un schéma de base pour la définition d´un modèle original identifiant, expliquant et caractérisant les grandes phases de cette dynamique relationnelle. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562706">
                <text>The evolution of ports in modern times has been defined by a change in port functions, caused by such factors as the development of technology on ships, of support equipment for the transport of merchandise or storage techniques, changes in the standards of international commerce, changes to the organisation of maritime transportation or the growth and increased complexity of global logistic chains. As a result of these changes, there has been a simultaneous evolution in the structure, morphology and extent of the spaces occupied by ports and complementary activities. In this context, the relationship between the port and city of Lisbon (Portugal) is characterised by a great complexity imprinted from the onset through the historic traditions that it holds and through the magnitude and intensity of a process that involves the main infra-structure of the national port system and the country’s largest city. It can be noted, however, that a symbiotic port-city relationship, in which the port exerted a structural role in the organisation of the city and its functions, has developed into a relationship where the city, the hub of a regional urban system and a main element within the peninsular and European urban network, has become autonomous and developed a generalised character, economically diverse and functionally complex. Despite this evolution, the port remains a nodal point in the integration of the city-region in global systems of physical and non-physical fluxes. As it becomes increasingly less integrated in the urban and functional structure of the city, the port continues to keep the pace of important changes and transformations In effect, in light of theoretical conceptualisation and systemisation and analyses of empirical evidence, the evolution of the relationship between the port and the city of Lisbon (focussing on functional, urban and economic dimensions) can be analysed and a plan outlined  to determine an original model that identifies, explains and characterises the main phases of the relationship dynamic.  </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562707">
                <text>O processo de evolução dos portos no período moderno tem sido determinado pela mutabilidade das funções portuárias, induzida por factores como as evoluções tecnológicas nos navios, nos equipamentos de apoio à movimentação de mercadorias ou nas técnicas de armazenagem, transformações nos padrões do comércio internacional, modificações na organização dos transportes marítimos ou alargamento e complexificação das cadeias logísticas globais. Como resultado destas mutações, assiste-se a uma concomitante evolução da estrutura, morfologia e extensão dos espaços ocupados por actividades portuárias e actividades complementares. Neste contexto, a relação entre o porto e a cidade de Lisboa (Portugal) é marcada por uma grande complexidade desde logo imprimida pela tradição histórica que a mesma encerra e pela magnitude e intensidade de um processo que envolve a principal infra-estrutura do sistema portuário nacional e a maior cidade do país. Note-se, porém, que de uma relação simbiótica cidade-porto, em que o porto exercia um papel estrutural na organização da cidade e das suas funções, evoluiu-se para uma relação em que a cidade, polarizadora do sistema urbano regional e principal elemento de integração nacional na rede urbana peninsular e europeia, se autonomiza e assume um carácter eminentemente generalista, economicamente diversificado e funcionalmente complexo. Não obstante esta evolução, o porto mantém-se como ponto nodal de integração da cidade-região em sistemas globais de fluxos materiais e imateriais. Tratando-se de um elemento progressivamente menos integrado na estrutura urbana e funcional da cidade, o porto contínua assim a marcar a cadência de importantes mutações e transformações. Com efeito, à luz de conceptualizações e sistematizações teóricas e da análise das evidências empíricas, analisa-se a evolução da relação entre o porto e a cidade de Lisboa (incidindo nas dimensões funcional, urbanística e económica) e apresenta-se um esquema de base para a definição de um modelo original que identifique, explique e caracterize as grandes fases desta dinâmica relacional.  </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562708">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/7702</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562709">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.7702</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562710">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562711">
                <text>port of Lisbon</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562712">
                <text>port-city relationship</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562713">
                <text>Ports</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562714">
                <text>redevelopment of port areas</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562715">
                <text>Lisboa / Lisbonne / Lisbon</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562716">
                <text>Relation port-ville; waterfront; espaces portuaires; reconversion fonctionnelle; développement urbain</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562717">
                <text>Desenvolvimento urbano</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562718">
                <text>espaços portuários</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562719">
                <text>frentes de água</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562720">
                <text>Reconversão funcional</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562721">
                <text>Relação porto-cidade</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562722">
                <text>Metamorfoses da cidade portuária: transformações da relação entre o porto e a cidade de Lisboa</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562723">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="35626" public="1" featured="0">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644295">
                  <text>Confins</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644296">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562866">
                <text>Padua, Rafael Faleiros de</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562867">
                <text>2009-10-31</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562868">
                <text>La désindustrialisation de São Paulo, tout en reproduisant certains aspects de l'industrialisation (et de l'urbanisation) de la ville, apporte nouveaux problèmes à l'analyse. Nous cherchons à montrer les persistances et les ruptures du processus, à expliquer qu’il s'agit d'un processus contradictoire de reproduction de la métropole. Une recherche sur un quartier de Santo Amaro, dans la région sud-ouest de la ville, tente une approche des nouveaux contenus produits par ce contexte de desindustrialisation. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562869">
                <text>The deindustrialisation of São Paulo, while reproducing certain aspects of the industrialization (and of the urbanization) of the city, brings new problems to the analysis. We seek to show persistences and ruptures of the process, to explain that it is about a contradictory process of reproduction of the metropolis. A research on a district of Santo Amaro, in the south-western area of the city, tries an approach of the new contents produced by this context of deindustrialisation. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562870">
                <text>A desindustrialização em São Paulo, ao mesmo tempo em que retoma aspectos da industrialização (e urbanização) da cidade, traz novos problemas à análise. Procuramos mostrar as persistências e rupturas do processo, buscando deixar claro que se trata de um processo contraditório de reprodução da metrópole. Através da pesquisa sobre um lugar localizado em Santo Amaro, região sudoeste da cidade, tenta-se uma aproximação com os novos conteúdos produzidos neste contexto de desindustrialização. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562871">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/6125</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562872">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.6125</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562873">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562874">
                <text>Deindustrialisation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562875">
                <text>persistences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562876">
                <text>ruptures</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562877">
                <text>São Paulo</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562878">
                <text>Désindustrialisation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562879">
                <text>persistances</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562880">
                <text>ruptures</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562881">
                <text>Desindustrialização</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562882">
                <text>persistências</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562883">
                <text>rupturas</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562884">
                <text>Refletindo sobre a desindustrialização em São Paulo</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562885">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="35629" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="52">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644295">
                  <text>Confins</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644296">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562931">
                <text>Djament-Tran, Géraldine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562932">
                <text>2010-07-23</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562933">
                <text>L’étude comparée de la localisation des capitales nationales constitue à la fois un problème d’analyse spatiale et un enjeu géopolitique, dans la mesure où les scénarios récurrents de localisation révèlent les conceptions de l’unité nationale des acteurs politiques. Plusieurs scénarios de localisation sont identifiés et représentés graphiquement dans cet article qui se fonde sur la confrontation de plusieurs débats, notamment les débats italien de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle et allemand de 1991 : les scénarios de la capitale au centre, de la capitale frontalière, de la capitale historique, de la capitale de mission et de la capitale charnière. Ils sont susceptibles de s’appliquer ou de se combiner pour expliquer la localisation actuelle des capitales.  Dans un second temps sont examinées les relations entre territoire et politique que manifeste la localisation de la capitale. Le choix d’une capitale forte ou faible, d’une ville nouvelle ou d’une ville ancienne, d’une grande ou d’une petite ville, d’une capitale unique ou partagée se révèle indissociable du débat entre centralisme et fédéralisme et soulève in fine la question du déterminisme géographique. L’article plaide conclusivement pour une étude systématique des rapports entre capitale et construction nationale. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562934">
                <text>Conceptions of national unity through the choice of a capital The comparative study of the location of national capital cities is a problem of spatial analysis as well as a geopolitical issue, since the recurring scenarios reveal different political conceptions of national unity. Various scenarios are identified and graphically represented in this article, based more specifically on the debates in Italy in the second half of the 19th century and in Germany in 1991: the central capital, the border capital, the historical capital, the missionary capital and the hinge capital. They can serve, alone or combined, to explain the location of today’s capitals. In a second part, we investigate the links between territory and politics revealed by the location of a capital. The choice of a strong or a weak capital, of a new or an old city, of a large or a small one, of a single or a shared capital cannot be separated from the debate between centralism and federalism, and raises, in fine, the question of geographical determinism. The article argues in conclusion for a systematic study of the links between capital and nation building. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562935">
                <text>O estudo comparativo da localização das capitais nacionais é tanto um problema de análise espacial quanto uma questão geopolítica, já que os cenários recorrentes de localização revelam as concepções de unidade nacional dos atores políticos. Vários cenários de localização são identificados e traçado neste artigo que se baseia na comparação de vários debates, incluindo os debates italiano da segunda metade do século XIX e alemão de 1991: cenários da capital no centro, da cidade de fronteira, da capital histórica, da capital de missão e da capital dobradiça. Eles são susceptíveis de ser aplicados ou combinados para explicar a posição atual de capitais. Em uma segunda etapa são discutidas as relações entre território e a político que manifesta a localização da capital. A escolha de uma capital forte ou fraca, de uma nova cidade ou uma cidade antiga, de uma cidade grande ou pequena, de uma capital única ou compartilhada é inseparável do debate entre o centralismo e o federalismo, e artigo finalmente levanta a questão do determinismo geográfico. Este artigo argumenta conclusivamente para um estudo sistemático da relação entre capital e construção da nação. </text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562936">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/6414</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562937">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.6414</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="562938">
                <text>fr</text>
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                <text>Capital</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="562940">
                <text>graphic models</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562941">
                <text>location choice</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562942">
                <text>nation building process</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562943">
                <text>Capitale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562944">
                <text>choix de localisation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562945">
                <text>construction nationale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562946">
                <text>modélisation graphique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562947">
                <text>Capital</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562948">
                <text>construção nacional</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562949">
                <text>escolha da localização</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="562950">
                <text>modelagem gráfica</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="562951">
                <text>Les scénarios de localisation des capitales, révélateurs des conceptions de l’unité nationale</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Confins</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563008">
                <text>Marques, Mitsuko Yamasaki</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563009">
                <text>2008-07-02</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563010">
                <text>Le présent article rend compte de la méthodologie utilisée pour analyser la fréquentation des équipements scolaires à Taboão da Serra (São Paulo), en vue de mesurer le nombre de places libres dans les écoles. La collecte de l'information se fait dans chaque unité scolaire du réseau municipal d'enseignement, rassemblant notamment des données sur la distance entre résidence et école. Le traitement statistique a été enrichi par les possibilités de spatialisation offertes par l'utilisation d’un logiciel approprié, dans ce cas Maptitude. Les résultats ont été consolidés dans un document intitulé Atlas pour la Gestion du Système Scolaire, une aide précieuse pour définir le Plan Municipal d'Éducation et qui a servi de fondement à la prise de décisions sur l'amélioration du réseau d'enseignement. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563011">
                <text>This article accounts for the methodology used to analyze the frequentation of the school facilities in Taboão da Serra (São Paulo), in order to measure the number of free places in the schools. The gathering of information is done in each school unit of the municipal network, in particular data on the distance between residence and school. The statistical processing was enriched by the possibilities of spatialization offered by the use of SIG software, in this case Maptitude. The results were consolidated in a document entitled Atlas for the Management of the School System, an invaluable help to define the Municipal Plan of Education and which was used as base with the decision-making on the improvement of the network schools. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563012">
                <text>O presente artigo é um relato da metodologia utilizada para análise do desempenho dos equipamentos escolares em Taboão da Serra (SP) com vistas à caracterização de excesso ou escassez de vagas. A coleta de informações se inicia em cada unidade escolar da rede municipal de ensino, recolhendo, entre outros, dados indicadores da relação residência com a escola. O tratamento estatístico foi enriquecido com as possibilidades de espacialização com o uso de software apropriado, no caso, Maptitude. Os resultados foram consolidados num documento que se intitulou Atlas para Gestão do Sistema Educacional, constituindo-se em importante subsídio para definição do Plano Municipal de Educação e fundamentação para tomada de decisões no que diz respeito à melhoria da rede física de ensino. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563013">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/4053</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563014">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.4053</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563015">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563016">
                <text>GIS</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563017">
                <text>School geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563018">
                <text>Taboão da Serra</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563019">
                <text>géographie scolaire</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563020">
                <text>Geografia escolar</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563021">
                <text>SIG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563022">
                <text>Análise da oferta de vagas escolares no município de Taboão da Serra (SP)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563023">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="35634" public="1" featured="0">
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644295">
                  <text>Confins</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644296">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563024">
                <text>Meireles, Antonio Jeovah de Andrade</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563025">
                <text>2008-03-13</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563026">
                <text>Pour définir les impacts environnementaux associés à l'occupation humaine dans des secteurs caractérisés par l'apport de sédiments (bypass) sur la plage, via des champ de dunes et l’estuaire, ont été réalisées des études géo-environnementales dans la plaine côtière du Caponga, en y incluant un promontoire, une bande littorale et l’embouchure du canal estuarien de même nom. Les résultats ont été représentés dans des modèles évolutifs, intégrés à partir de la définition des flux de matière et d'énergie qui transitent dans la zone côtière. Les conséquences de l'expansion urbaine sur le promontoire, les dunes, la plage et le canal estuarien ont été caractérisées afin de définir des mesures adaptées de planification et de gestion. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563027">
                <text>Environmental impacts caused by the occupation of areas regulating the sand input to the coast line in the coastal plain of Caponga, Cascavel town, East Coast of Ceará. To determine the environmental impacts related to human occupation in areas characterized by the input of sediments (bypass) to the coastal line, through dunes and estuary, we carried out geoenvironmental studies in the coastal plain of Caponga. They included sections represented by a headland, coastal line and river mouth of the estuarine channel of Caponga. The results were represented in integrated evolutionary models based on the definition of flows of matter and energy that occur in the coastal area. The effects of urban expansion on the headland, dunes, shore and estuarine channel were characterized so as to define adequate measures of planning and management.  </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563028">
                <text>Para definir os impactos ambientais associados à ocupação humana em áreas caracterizadas pelo aporte de sedimentos (bypass) para a faixa de praia, via campo de dunas e estuário, foram realizados estudos geoambientais na planície costeira da Caponga, abrangendo setores representados por um promontório, faixa litorânea e desembocadura do canal estuarino de mesmo nome. Os resultados foram representados em modelos evolutivos, integrados a partir da definição dos fluxos de matéria e energia que transitam na zona costeira. As conseqüências da expansão urbana sobre o promontório, dunas, praia e canal estuarino foram caracterizadas de modo a definir medias adequadas de planejamento e gestão. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563029">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/2423</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563030">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.2423</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563031">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563032">
                <text>coast dynamics</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563033">
                <text>coast erosion</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563034">
                <text>coast management.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563035">
                <text>geomorphological evolution</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563036">
                <text>Cascavel</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563037">
                <text>Ceará</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563038">
                <text>Rio Caponga</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563039">
                <text>dynamique littorale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563040">
                <text>érosion côtière</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563041">
                <text>évolution géomorphologique</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563042">
                <text>gestion côtière.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563043">
                <text>dinâmica litorânea</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563044">
                <text>erosão costeira</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563045">
                <text>evolução geomorfológica</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563046">
                <text>gestão costeira.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563047">
                <text>Impactos ambientais decorrentes da ocupação de áreas reguladoras do aporte de areia: a planície Costeira da Caponga, município de Cascavel, litoral leste cearense.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563048">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="35638" public="1" featured="0">
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      <elementSetContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644295">
                  <text>Confins</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644296">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563117">
                <text>Ramires, Jane Zilda dos Santos</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563118">
                <text>Ribeiro, Wagner Costa</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563119">
                <text>2011-11-30</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563120">
                <text>La problématique de ce travail s´inscrit autour des zones contaminées. La question de l´environnement est devenue publique à partir des années 1980 à cause du processus de déconcentration industrielle qui s´est opéré dans les aires urbaines les plus denses du Brésil. Dans la première partie on analyse comment ce phénomène a contribué à l´apparition de nouvelles zones de risque, suite au changement de l´usage du sol urbain. En effet, des habitations et des services ont été construits sur ces zones sans que l´on ait réalisé des études spécifiques du milieux pour une récupération ultérieure et/ou  un assainissement  du sol.Avec l´intention d´aider à comprendre cette question, ainsi que son ampleur et sa magnitude, on présentera une cartographie par district des industries existantes dans la tâche urbaine de São Paulo. Cela permettra de démontrer la distribution des risques et des dangers développés au long des décennies dans le territoire de São Paulo. La deuxième partie concerne la façon dont les autorités s´occupent du thème, ainsi que les difficultés et les réussites. Pour finir, on conclut que l´application effective de la législation spécifique pour la gestion des zones contaminées et l´exigence de réaliser des études de l´environnement sont nécessaires pour pouvoir atteindre des solutions. De même la disponibilisation des informations pour la société et la mise en lumière de ce problème, car la participation populaire en formation est fondamentale dans cette démarche. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563121">
                <text>This paper presents the problems related to contaminated areas. This environmental issue was made public from the 1980s, through the process of industrial deconcentration verified in the denser urban areas of Brazil. In the first part it will be analyzed how this phenomenon, plus the change in urban land use, resulted in the emergence of risk areas, once the contaminated areas are being used or given new uses, such as residential or services, without having specific environmental studies with subsequent recovery and / or remediation. In order to help with the understanding, the scope and magnitude of this issue, it will be presented a mapping of the district, the existing industries in the urban area of São Paulo, which expresses the distribution of risks and dangers built up over decades in the municipality of São Paulo. In the second part, it will be discussed how the government handles this issue, their difficulties and achievements. Finally, the conclusions, which indicate that the effective implementation of legislation for the management of contaminated areas, the requirement of the completion of environmental studies, the availability of this information to the society, the increasing visibility of the problem, might lead to the solution of it, because even today, popular participation, incipient in this case, is vital to this process. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563122">
                <text>Este trabalho apresenta a problemática relacionada às áreas contaminadas. Esta questão ambiental passou a ser de conhecimento público a partir da década de 1980, por meio do processo de desconcentração industrial verificado na mais densa área urbana do Brasil. Na primeira parte, será analisado como este fenômeno, somado a mudança do uso do solo urbano resultou no surgimento das áreas de risco, uma vez que as áreas contaminadas estão sendo utilizadas ou receberam novos usos, como residenciais ou serviços, sem que fossem realizados estudos ambientais específicos com posterior recuperação e/ou remediação. Com o objetivo de auxiliar no entendimento, abrangência e magnitude da questão, será apresentado um mapeamento, por distrito, das indústrias existentes na mancha urbana paulista; o qual expressa à distribuição dos riscos e perigos construídos ao longo de décadas no território do município de São Paulo. Na segunda parte, aborda-se como o poder público trata o tema; suas dificuldades e acertos. Por fim, estão as conclusões, que indicam que a aplicação efetiva da legislação específica para a gestão de áreas contaminadas, com a exigência da realização dos estudos ambientais, além da disponibilização das informações à sociedade, com aumento da visibilidade do problema, pode ser o caminho para solucioná-los, ainda que hoje a participação popular, incipiente nesse caso, seja fundamental nesse processo. </text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563123">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/7323</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563124">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.7323</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563125">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>politiques publiques de l´environnement</text>
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                <text>Risques pour l´environnement</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563128">
                <text>zones contaminées</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563129">
                <text>áreas contaminadas</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563130">
                <text>políticas públicas ambientais</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563131">
                <text>Riscos ambientais</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563132">
                <text>Gestão dos Riscos Urbanos em São Paulo: as áreas contaminadas</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Confins</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text/>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563134">
                <text>Alves, Glória da Anunciação</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563135">
                <text>2012-03-19</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563136">
                <text>Parler du phénomène métropolitain aujourd’hui, en plein XXIe siècle, suppose que l’on aille au-delà des phénomènes de croissance et de multiplication qui sont en général constants dans les grandes agglomérations urbaines. La métropolisation de l’espace est un processus qui peut également se caractériser aujourd’hui par la discontinuité territoriale qui articule les villes à partir de méthodes de production, grâce à l’existence de réseaux (techniques et informationnels) permettant de relier les espaces non continus. Selon Lencioni (2003), la zone d'influence et les articulations de la métropole instaurent une limite à cela. Mais discuter de la métropolisation, c’est aussi aller au-delà de la croissance et de la multiplication des agglomérations et des richesses. C’est essayer de comprendre la contradiction présente dans cette relation et dans les lieux qui configurent la métropole traditionnelle, c’est-à-dire, sa continuité territoriale. C'est aussi étudier l’accroissement de la pauvreté et de la distinction sociale et spatiale. Avec l’expansion métropolitaine naissent, avec ou sans l’aval des pouvoirs publics, des zones périphériques qui sont nécessaires pour la croissance de la richesse métropolitaine. La question du phénomène métropolitain se pose aujourd'hui d'un point de vue institutionnel. Le projet « Grand Paris » propose d’agir pour promouvoir l’institutionnalisation d’une future métropolisation parisienne qui, selon l'État, est nécessaire pour que Paris continue à faire partie des métropoles internationales attirant des investissements au niveau mondial. Mais que signifie institutionnaliser la métropole ? C’est d'une part, mettre officiellement en pratique un projet national de compétitivité internationale (à l’échelle mondiale) et de l’autre, c’est braquer les projecteurs sur les conflits et les rapports Paris-banlieues (à l’échelle locale et régionale). Cet article propose une réfléxion sur la métropolisation parisienne et les transformations socio-spatiales qui en découlent, en démontrant de quelle manière le discours sur la mixité sociale est utilisé pour justifier la ségrégation socio-spatiale. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563137">
                <text>To speak about the metropolitan phenomenon today, in the XXI century, implies in going beyond the growing and multiplication phenomenon of the large urban agglomerations, in general continuous. The metropolization of the space is a process that today can also be characterized by the territorial discontinuity, which articulates cities from the productive processes due to the existence of (tecno-informational) nets that enable the connections among non continuous spaces.  According to Lencioni (2003) there’s a limit for that given by the area of influence and articulations with the metropolis. But to speak about the metropolization is also to go beyond the growing and multiplication of agglomeration and wealth. It’s trying to understand the contradictory process implicated in this relationship and in the places that configure the traditional metropolis, in other words, its territorial continuity.  It’s also to discuss the growing of poverty, and of the spatial differentiation. In the metropolitan expanding, with or without the public power endorsement, peripheral areas arise which are necessary for the growing of metropolitan wealth. Today the issue of the metropolitan phenomenon is institutionally put. The “Grand Plan Paris” evokes actions to promote the institutionalization of what would be the metropolization of Paris that, according to the state power is necessary to guarantee Paris in the list of the world cities, keeping it inserted in the world frame of global investments. But what does institutionalize the metropolis mean? On one side it implies in officially putting in practice a national project of international competitiveness (world scale) and on the other side, putting in focus the Paris-banlieues conflicts and relationships (local and regional scale). This article proposes to discuss the metropolization of Paris and the resulting social spatial transformations, highlighting how the speech of social mix is used justifying the social spatial segregation processes. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563138">
                <text>Falar do fenômeno metropolitano hoje, em pleno século XXI, implica em ir além do fenômeno de crescimento e multiplicação das grandes aglomerações urbanas, em geral contínuas. A metropolização do espaço é um processo que pode ser caracterizado hoje também pela descontinuidade territorial, que articula cidades a partir de processos produtivos graças a existência de redes (técno-informacionais) que possibilitam as ligações entre espaços não contínuos. Segundo Lencioni (2003) há um limite para isso dado pela área de influência e articulações com a metrópole.  Mas falar da metropolização também é ir para além do crescimento e multiplicação de aglomerações e riquezas. É procurar entender o processo contraditório implicado nessa relação e nos locais que configuram a metrópole tradicional, ou seja, sua continuidade territorial. É discutir também o aumento da pobreza, da diferenciação sócio-espacial. Na expansão metropolitana surgem, com ou sem aval do poder público, áreas periféricas necessárias ao crescimento da riqueza metropolitana.  A questão do fenômeno metropolitano está hoje posta institucionalmente.  O “Grand Plan Paris” evoca ações para promover a institucionalização do que seria a metropolização parisiense que, segundo o poder estatal se faz necessária para garantir Paris no rol de cidades mundiais, mantendo sua inserção no quadro mundial de investimentos de ordem global. Mas o que significa institucionalizar a metrópole? De um lado implica em colocar oficialmente em prática um projeto nacional de competitividade internacional (escala mundial) e de outro, colocar em foco os conflitos e as relações Paris-banlieues (escala local e regional). Este artigo se propõe a discutir o processo de metropolização parisiense e as transformações socioespaciais resultantes, dando destaque para como o discurso da mixité social é utilizado justificando processos de segregação socioespacial. </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563139">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/7439</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563140">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.7439</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563141">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563142">
                <text>Metropolization</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563143">
                <text>segregation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563144">
                <text>social spatial</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563145">
                <text>spatial transformations.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563146">
                <text>Ile de France</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563147">
                <text>Paris</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563148">
                <text>Métropolisation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563149">
                <text>ségrégation socio-spatiale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563150">
                <text>transformations spatiales.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563151">
                <text>Metropolização</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563152">
                <text>segregação socioespacial</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563153">
                <text>transformações espaciais</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563154">
                <text>La métropolisation parisienne : particularités et généralités</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563155">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="35643" public="1" featured="0">
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      <elementSetContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644295">
                  <text>Confins</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644296">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563186">
                <text>Cozic, Bertrand</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563187">
                <text>2012-06-22</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563188">
                <text>La réorganisation productive à l’œuvre depuis le début des années 70 projette chaque fois un peu plus les villes et les ports comme des acteurs majeurs de l’intégration des territoires dans les flux issus de la mondialisation. A Rio de Janeiro, depuis la fin des années 90,  nous observons de nombreuses initiatives de modernisation du système portuaire et de revitalisation des friches portuaires de la ville. Le port est actuellement très dynamique au niveau national dans le domaine des conteneurs, des véhicules (roll-on/roll-off), du pétrole et de ses dérivés (port d’appui logistique de la Petrobras) et enfin du tourisme avec le transport de passagers. Cependant, les relations ville-port à Rio de Janeiro sont caractérisées par de sérieuses difficultés. Jusqu’à présent, les autorités portuaires, la ville, les acteurs privés et la société civile n’ont pas réussi à formuler un véritable projet de développement concerté autour de la ville et du port.Les relations ville-port à Rio de Janeiro sont encore très fortement influencées par des pratiques issues de l’ère industrielle du pays, présentant les deux entités comme incompatibles. D’un côté, la ville cherche à revitaliser ses friches portuaires en développant de grands projets urbains à vocation touristique sur le modèle de nombreuses expériences internationales ; de l’autre, le port cherche à développer ses activités pour faire face aux flux croissants issus de la mondialisation. Pourtant, de véritables politiques de développement innovantes sont expérimentées à travers le monde, comme c’est le cas en Europe dans les villes portuaires de la « rangée Nord » (Northern Range) ou encore en Espagne, ou nous assistons au développement conjoint des deux dynamiques à travers l’élaboration de stratégies économiques concertées.      </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563189">
                <text>The productive reorganization in progress since the early 70s projects each time a little more cities and ports as such mains actors of the territory integration in the globalization’s flows. In Rio de Janeiro, since the end of the 90s, we can observe numerous modernisation initiatives of the port system, and of the city waterfront revitalization. The port is actually really dynamic in national level for the containers traffic, vehicles (Roll-on/Roll-Off), Oil and Oil products (Petrobras Logistic port support) and in Tourism with the passengers transport. However, Rio de Janeiro Port-city relationships are characterized by serious difficulties. Until today, Port Authorities, the city, private actors and civil society have not formulated a real concerted development project including the City and the Port. Rio de Janeiro Port-city relationships are influenced by old Industrial Era practices of the country, presenting both entities such as incompatibles. In one side, the city is interested in old port spaces revitalization, by developing huge tourism urban project based on several international experiences; on the other side, the port is interested in developing his activities in order to attend Globalization growth flows. However, true innovating development policies are experimented, such as port cities in the Northern Range or in Spain, places where we can observe a united development of the two dynamics through the elaboration of concerted strategies. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563190">
                <text>A reorganização produtiva em curso desde o inicio da década de 70 projeta cada vez mais as cidades e os portos como atores importantes da integração dos territórios nos fluxos da globalização. No Rio de Janeiro, desde o fim da década de 90, podemos observar numerosas iniciativas de modernização do sistema portuário e da revitalização dos espaços portuários baldios da cidade. O porto se encontra atualmente muito dinâmico no nível nacional na manutenção de contêineres, de veículos (roll-on/roll-off), de petróleo e derivados (porto de apoio logístico da Petrobras) e por fim do turismo com o transporte de passageiros. Contudo, as relações porto-cidade no Rio de Janeiro são caracterizadas por serias dificuldades. Até hoje, as autoridades portuárias, a cidade, os atores privados e a sociedade civil não conseguiram formular um verdadeiro projeto de desenvolvimento concertado em prol da cidade e do porto. As relações porto-cidade no Rio de Janeiro são ainda muito influenciadas por práticas decorrentes da Era Industrial do País, apresentando as duas entidades como incompatíveis. De um lado, a cidade procura revitalizar os espaços portuários baldios pelo desenvolvimento de grandes projetos urbanos oriundo pelo turismo, no modelo de varias experiências internacionais; do outro lado, o porto procura desenvolver suas atividades para atender aos fluxos crescentes da globalização. Portanto, são experimentadas no mundo verdadeiras políticas de desenvolvimento inovadoras, como no caso da Europa nas cidades portuárias do “Northern Range”, ou na Espanha, lugares onde assistimos ao desenvolvimento em conjunto das duas dinâmicas através da elaboração de estratégias concertadas. </text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563191">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/7737</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563192">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.7737</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563193">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563194">
                <text>city-port</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563195">
                <text>evelopment</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563196">
                <text>globalization</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563197">
                <text>Rio de Janeiro</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563198">
                <text>développement</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563199">
                <text>mondialisation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563200">
                <text>port</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563201">
                <text>ville</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563202">
                <text>cidade-porto</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563203">
                <text>desenvolvimento</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563204">
                <text>globalização</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563205">
                <text>Les relations ville-port à Rio de Janeiro : entre difficultés et perspectives de développement</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563206">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563269">
                <text>Sanfelici, Daniel de Mello</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563270">
                <text>2013-07-22</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563271">
                <text>Durant les cinq à dix dernières années, les offres et les ventes du marché immobilier résidentiel ont connu une croissance exceptionnelle et, par voie de conséquence, commencé à modifier le paysage des métropoles brésiliennes. Cette croissance a été stimulée par un entrelacement sans précédent du système financier avec le circuit de production et de consommation du cadre bâti urbain dans le pays. Les auteurs qui se penchent sur ce phénomène sont nombreux à tenter de l’interpréter à la lumière du mouvement de financiarisation de l’économie, envisagé comme une expression du pouvoir accru des investisseurs financiers soucieux de valoriser leur capital avec la transformation de l’espace urbain. Ce travail vise à contribuer au débat en cours en montrant que le processus de financiarisation, qui touche le marché immobilier brésilien depuis quelques années, a produit un réaménagement des relations entre les échelles socio-spatiales. La première partie de l’étude propose une vision panoramique des transformations des transactions immobilières issues de l’articulation avec le système financier. La deuxième partie se base sur une série d’entretiens réalisés entre 2011 et 2012 et sur des relevés de données relatives au secteur en question, pour distinguer les types de rapports entre agents de différentes échelles socio-spatiales. Dans ce mouvement, l’articulation entre échelle mondiale et échelle nationale est illustrée par le besoin des promoteurs à faire preuve de plus de « transparence » au niveau de leurs activités afin de pouvoir intégrer le portefeuille des grands investisseurs institutionnels étrangers. Quant aux liens entre échelle nationale et échelle locale, ils sont envisagés comme le fruit de partenariats établis entre les grands promoteurs immobiliers financiarisés et les petits et moyens constructeurs/promoteurs régionaux. Dans les deux cas, l’objectif est de souligner les mises à distance et les tensions résultant du rapprochement d’agents expressifs de logiques spatio-temporelles dissemblables. Partant de là, l’échelle géographique n’est pas vue comme une dimension étanche du processus social ; au contraire, elle est produite et transformée socialement et, en tant que telle, intériorise des tensions et des contradictions sociales. Finalement, l’accent est mis sur l’importance de la construction de liens scalaires pour la reproduction du pouvoir des finances dans l’actualité. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563272">
                <text>Over the past five to ten years, Brazil’s residential real estate market has experienced a marked expansion both in terms of housing starts and sales. This expansion, which has rapidly transformed Brazilian cities, was spurred by an unprecedented intertwining of the financial markets and the production/consumption of the urban built environment in the country. In the wake of this process, many scholars have interpreted these changes as representative of the financialization of the economy, since it expresses financial investors’ growing ability to derive income from changes in the urban space. This paper attempts to contribute to this ongoing debate by arguing that the process of financialization, which in the past few years has taken hold of the property sector in Brazil, has caused a restructuring of the links between socio-spatial scales. In the first part, we have provided an overview of the changes that have taken place in the real estate business as an outcome of its connections with the financial system. In the second part, based on a set of interviews conducted between 2011 and 2012 and on data collected about the sector, we have brought attention to the types of articulation between agents operating at different socio-spatial scales. In this analysis, the articulation between the global and the national scales is illustrated by developers’ need to make their businesses more “transparent” in order that the papers they issue in financial markets can be aggregated to the portfolio of large foreign institutional investors. The linkages between the national and the local scales, in terms, are examined here as resulting from the partnerships established between large, financialized developers and regional small and medium-sized builders. In both cases, we have attempted to shed light on the disagreements and tensions that have resulted from the convergence of agents that embody distinct socio-spatial logics, thus demonstrating that the geographical scale, far from being a fixed dimension of social relations, is itself socially produced and changed and, because of that, it internalizes tensions and contradictions. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of the construction of scalar linkages for the reproduction of financial power. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563273">
                <text>Nos últimos cinco a dez anos, o setor imobiliário residencial no Brasil registrou uma expansão extraordinária em termos de lançamentos e vendas. Essa expansão, que vem transformando rapidamente as metrópoles brasileiras, foi impelida por um entrelaçamento sem precedentes do sistema financeiro com o circuito de produção e consumo do ambiente construído urbano no país. Na esteira desse fenômeno, muitos autores vêm tentando interpretar essas transformações à luz do movimento de financeirização da economia, como uma expressão do poder redobrado dos investidores financeiros em obter rendimentos com a transformação do espaço urbano. Esse trabalho pretende contribuir para esse debate em curso argumentando que o processo de financeirização, que nos últimos anos atingiu os negócios imobiliários no Brasil, produziu um reordenamento dos vínculos entre as escalas geográficas. A primeira parte do trabalho dedica-se, assim, a proporcionar uma visão panorâmica das transformações ocorridas nos negócios imobiliários como fruto da articulação com o sistema financeiro. Na segunda parte, apoiando-nos em uma gama de entrevistas realizadas entre 2011 e 2012 e em levantamentos de dados sobre o setor em questão, procuramos colocar em destaque as formas de articulação entre agentes situados em diferentes escalas socioespaciais. Nesse movimento, a articulação entre a escala global e a escala nacional é ilustrada pela necessidade das incorporadoras de tornarem suas atividades mais “transparentes” a fim de que seus papéis possam ser agregados ao portfólio de grandes investidores institucionais estrangeiros. Os vínculos entre a escala nacional e a local, por sua vez, são examinados como fruto do estabelecimento de parcerias entre as grandes incorporadoras financeirizadas e construtoras/incorporadoras pequenas e médias regionais. Em ambos os casos, procuramos colocar em evidência os desencontros e as tensões que resultam da aproximação de agentes expressivos de lógicas espaço-temporais díspares, demonstrando que a escala geográfica, longe de ser uma dimensão estanque do processo social, é produzida e transformada socialmente e, enquanto tal, internaliza tensões e contradições sociais. O trabalho realça, em sua conclusão, a importância da construção de nexos escalares para a reprodução do poder das finanças na atualidade. </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>http://confins.revues.org/8494</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563275">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563276">
                <text>Financialization; Real estate market; Rescaling; Production of scale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563277">
                <text>Brasil / Brésil</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563278">
                <text>Financiarisation ; marché immobilier ; réaménagement scalaire ; production de l’échelle.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563279">
                <text>Financeirização; Mercado imobiliário; Reordenamento escalar; Produção da escala.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563280">
                <text>A financeirização do circuito imobiliário como rearranjo escalar do processo de urbanização</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Confins</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563536">
                <text>Polidoro, Maurício</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563537">
                <text>Lollo, José Augusto de</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563538">
                <text>Neto, Osvaldo Coelho Pereira</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563539">
                <text>2011-07-04</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563540">
                <text>L'étalement urbain, les instruments de planification et de gestion urbaine comme le zonage et le zonage de l’expansion urbaine semblent mener les villes vers un futur incertain et chaotique. Les périmètres d’urbanisation des municipalités sont de plus en plus utilisés en faveur des agents producteurs d’un espace urbain inéquitable, accentuant le processus de ségrégation socio-spatiale, le maintien de terrains vacants et la spéculation foncière. Conséquemment, les réseaux d’infrastructure, composantes urbaines essentielles qui constituent une des plus importantes sources de dépenses publiques, s’avèrent de plus en plus étendues et obsolètes dans un contexte d’occupation désordonnée du sol. Face à ces constats, la présente étude propose d’analyser le phénomène d’étalement urbain de la ville de Londrina à l’aide des géotechnologies et d’identifier les impacts actuels et futurs de la forme d’occupation qu’elle privilégie pour la commune dans sa globalité. À cet effet, des cartes thématiques ont été réalisées à partir de sources multiples et une revue de littérature a permis d’identifier la municipalité de Londrina comme possédant de nombreuses caractéristiques du phénomène d’étalement urbain, entraînant plusieurs conséquences en termes d’organisation territoriale et de distribution équitable des services essentiels à la population.  </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563541">
                <text>The urban sprawl, the instruments of urban planning and management such as zoning and urban expansion drive the city towards a chaotic and uncertain future. The urban zoning has been increasingly used in favor of agents promiting an unequal urban space and a clear process of socio-spatial segregation, the formation of vacant land and property speculation. In consequence of this process, the infrastructures, a major component of urban development and the more costly to the Government, are increasingly scattered and obsolete due to the unplanned occupation of the soil of the city. This paper proposes therefore to examine the phenomenon of sprawling in the city of Londrina through geoprocessing and identify the impacts cused by the form of occupation that the city, which may affect the future of the city in its entirety. For this purpose, thematic maps were made from multiple sources and a review of the existing literature has identified that the city of Londrina has extensive features of sprawling phenomenon, with strong implications for land use and spatial distribution of essential services to the population. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563542">
                <text>A urbanização dispersa, os instrumentos de planejamento e gestão urbanos como o zoneamento e as zonas de expansão urbana têm se mostrado cada vez mais coerentes ao direcionar as cidades para um futuro incerto e caótico. Os perímetros urbanos dos municípios têm sido utilizados cada vez mais em favor dos agentes reprodutores do espaço urbano desigual acirrando o processo de segregação sócio-espacial, a formação de vazios urbanos e a especulação imobiliária. Inerente a esse processo, a infraestrutura, um dos componentes mais importantes da terra urbana e que mais custam para o Poder Público, ficam cada vez mais dispersos e obsoletos no meio de uma ocupação desordenada do solo da cidade. A partir disso, este trabalho propõe analisar o fenômeno do sprawling urbano na cidade de Londrina através das geotecnologias e identificar quais os impactos que a forma de ocupação que a cidade tem se guiado podem provocar no cenário atual e futuro do município na sua totalidade. Para tanto, foram confeccionados mapas temáticos de múltiplas fontes e através da bibliografia pesquisada identificou-se que o município de Londrina possui intensas características do fenômeno sprawling trazendo conseqüências para o ordenamento territorial e a distribuição espacial igualitária dos serviços essenciais a população. </text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563543">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/7205</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563544">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.7205</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563545">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563546">
                <text>Urbanization; Geotechnologies; Urban Planning; Wastelands.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563547">
                <text>Londrina</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563548">
                <text>PR</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563549">
                <text>Urbanisation; Géo-technologies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563550">
                <text>Urbanisme</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563551">
                <text>Vides urbains</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563552">
                <text>Urbanização; Geotecnologias; Planejamento Urbano; Vazios Urbanos.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563553">
                <text>Sprawl urbano em Londrina e os desafios para o planejamento urbano</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563554">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="35661" public="1" featured="0">
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644295">
                  <text>Confins</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644296">
                  <text/>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563555">
                <text>Maia, Alexandre Gori</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563556">
                <text>Buainain, Antonio Marcio</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563557">
                <text>2011-11-30</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563558">
                <text>Cet article analyse la pauvreté au Brésil, mesurée par indicateurs objectif de revenu per capita et indicateurs subjectifs d'insuffisance de revenus et d'alimentation. Analyses mettent en évidence les différences spatiales, les différences entre les États et les différences entre les zones urbaines et rurales. Les analyses sont basées sur les résultats de la brésilienne Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) 2002/2003 et 2008/2009. Les résultats montrent une réduction substantielle du niveau de pauvreté au Brésil, spécialement pour ceux qui ont trait à des conditions plus sévères de l'insuffisance de revenus et de l'alimentation et dans régions plus vulnérables. Les analyses suggèrent également que les personnes avec revenu similaire sont plus susceptibles de déclarer la suffisance de revenu et d'alimentation dans les zones rurales, malgré le pourcentage de l'insuffisance plus élevé trouvée les zones rurales.  </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563559">
                <text>This paper analyzes poverty in Brazil, measured by objective indicator of per capita income and subjective indicators of income and food insufficiency. Analyses highlight spatial differences, both differences between States and differences between urban and rural areas. Analyses are based on results of the Brazilian Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) 2002/2003 and 2008/2009. Overall, results show a substantial reduction of the level of poverty in Brazil, specially for those related to more severe conditions of income and food insufficiency and in the more vulnerable regions. Analyses also suggest that people with similar income are more likely to declare income and food sufficiency in rural areas, although the percent of insufficiency is higher in the rural areas. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563560">
                <text>Este trabalho destina-se à análise da pobreza no Brasil, medida a partir de indicadores objetivos de disponibilidade de rendimentos per capita e de avaliações subjetivas de suficiência de renda e quantidade de alimentos consumidos. Atenção especial é dada às diferenças territoriais, seja entre estados brasileiros ou entre áreas urbanas e rurais. A análise baseia-se em resultados da Pesquisa sobre Orçamentos Familiares (POF) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) para os anos de 2002/2003 e 2008/2009. De maneira geral, os resultados indicam uma substancial redução dos indicadores de pobreza, sobretudo daqueles associados às condições mais severas de insuficiência e nas regiões mais vulneráveis do país. A análise também constata que pessoas com rendimentos semelhantes tendem a estar mais satisfeitas com a quantidade de renda e de alimentos nas áreas rurais, embora os percentuais de insuficiência sejam superiores no conjunto dessas populações. </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563561">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/7301</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563562">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.7301</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563563">
                <text>fr</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563564">
                <text>Brazil.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="563565">
                <text>inequality</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="563566">
                <text>Poverty</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563567">
                <text>subjective indicators</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="563568">
                <text>Brésil.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563569">
                <text>indicateurs subjectifs</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563570">
                <text>Inégalités</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563571">
                <text>Pauvreté</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563572">
                <text>Pobreza; Indicadores subjetivos; Desigualdade; Brasil.</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563573">
                <text>Pobreza objetiva e subjetiva no Brasil</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644295">
                  <text>Confins</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644296">
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
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              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563580">
                <text>Polidoro, Maurício</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563581">
                <text>Neto Fernandes Barros, Omar</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563582">
                <text>2012-03-19</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563583">
                <text>Cette étude vise à intégrer l’utilisation de certains indices de développement socio-économique (indice de développement humain, indice développement municipal FIRJAN, indice de carences en matière de logement, produit intérieur brut (PIB), PIB par habitant, indice d’exclusion sociale) dans l’évaluation et la définition d’une région métropolitaine. Avec l’utilisation de techniques de cartographie thématique et par l’interprétation géographique des cartes ainsi produites, il devient possible de critiquer la configuration actuelle de la région métropolitaine de Londrina et de suggérer des critères plus objectifs pour la définir. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563584">
                <text>This study aims to make use of some socio-economic indices (Human Development Index, FIRJAN Municipal Development, Housing Need Index, Gross Domestic Product, GDP per capita, Social Exclusion Index) in the evaluation and definition of a metropolitan area. With the use of techniques for thematic mapping and geographical interpretation it was possible to criticize the actual configuration proposed for the metropolitan area of Londrina and suggest more objective criteria for defining it. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563585">
                <text>O presente estudo tem por objetivo utilizar-se de alguns índices de caráter sócio-econômicos (Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal, Índice FIRJAN de Desenvolvimento Municipal, Índice de Carência Habitacional, Produto Interno Bruto, PIB per capita, Índice de Exclusão Social) na avaliação e definição de uma Região Metropolitana. Com a utilização de técnicas de cartografia temática e as interpretações geográficas inerentes à mesma foi possível criticar a configuração real proposta para a Região Metropolitana de Londrina e sugerir critérios mais objetivos para a definição da mesma. </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563586">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/7394</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563587">
                <text>doi:10.4000/confins.7394</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563588">
                <text>pt</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563589">
                <text>Londrina</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563590">
                <text>Metropolitan Region</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563591">
                <text>synthetic indexes</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563592">
                <text>Londrina</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563593">
                <text>indices synthétiques</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563594">
                <text>Londrina</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563595">
                <text>Région Metropolitaine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563596">
                <text>índices Sintéticos</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563597">
                <text>Londrina</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563598">
                <text>Região Metropolitana</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563599">
                <text>Utilização de índices na definição da região metropolitana de Londrina</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644295">
                  <text>Confins</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="644296">
                  <text/>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644297">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563701">
                <text>Lomba, Roni Mayer</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="563702">
                <text>Nobre-Júnior, Benedito Baliero</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2013-07-18</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Cet article traite de la relation entre villes et campagnes et zones rurales et urbaines, en se basant sur l'étude du marché et des foires populaires de la ville fluviale d’Afuá, Pará. Il part du postulat que les divers réseaux d'approvisionnement de la ville et ses flux intrarégionaux sont en connexion, principalement avec d'autres villes et localités existantes, par le réseau fluvial, dynamisant la commercialisation des productions et marchandises régionales, primaires ou manufacturées. Cette recherche met en exergue la dynamique du commerce, au moyen d'une enquête et d’une recherche, par l’analyse des contributions théoriques, des entrevues, des documents photographiques et des entretiens qualitatifs qui en seront les supports. Cette étude vise à (re)penser les concepts et définitions de la relation ville-campagne et rural-urbain dans le contexte des villes fluviales d'Amazonie, et les spécificités de la relation rural-urbain dans la ville d’Afuá à partir de la dynamique de ce type de commerce, par la mise en valeur de son importance dans les différents réseaux de flux qui alimentent la ville en termes culturels, économiques et symboliques. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent une relation ville-campagne et rural-urbain plutôt inhérente aux villes fluviales d'Amazonie, où même l'avènement de la modernisation et ses conséquences sur les relations sociales et économiques n’ont pas perturbé le mode de vie ou la territorialité qui s’y sont historiquement construites. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563705">
                <text>The rural-town relationship is discussed through an investigation of popular markets or fairs in the river coastal town of Afuá PA Brazil. The several supply networks in the town and its intra-regional movements have wide connections underscored by the river that boosts the commerce of in natura or industrialized regional products and goods. Commerce dynamism is focused in current research which is performed through the investigatory method and analyzes theoretical contributions, interviews, photos and reflections, which are instruments that underpin its materialization. Current investigation re-considers the concepts and definitions of the countryside-town and rural-urban relationships within the context of the river coastal towns of the Amazon. It also investigates the specificities of the rural-urban relationship in Afuá from the point of view of commercial dynamics. In fact, its importance within the several movement networks, namely cultural, economical and symbolic, that supply the town, is demonstrated. Results show an intrinsic countryside-town and rural-urban relationship of the Amazon coastal towns. Even within the modernization context the economical and social relationships have not disrupted the way of life or the territoriality historically built and still extant in the region. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563706">
                <text>O presente trabalho discute a relação campo-cidade e rural-urbano, tomando como base o estudo sobre o mercado popular ou feiras na cidade ribeirinha de Afuá-PA. Parte-se do pressuposto de que as diversas redes de abastecimentos na cidade e seus fluxos intrarregionais possuem conexões, principalmente com outras cidades e localidades existentes, pela rede fluvial, dinamizando a comercialização de produtos e mercadorias regionais (in natura) ou industrializadas. Nessa pesquisa é pontuada a dinâmica do comércio, pelo método de investigação/pesquisa, analisadas as contribuições teóricas, entrevistas, registros fotográficos, observação e entrevistas qualitativas, sendo instrumentos de suporte para efetivação da mesma. Este trabalho buscou (re)pensar os conceitos e definições da relação campo-cidade e rural-urbano no contexto das cidades ribeirinhas amazônicas; as especificidades da relação rural-urbano na cidade de Afuá, a partir da dinâmica desse tipo de comércio apontando sua importância nas diversas redes de fluxos que abastecem a cidade em termos culturais, econômicos e simbólicos. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam uma relação campo-cidade e rural-urbano bastante intrínseca nas cidades ribeirinhas amazônicas, que, mesmo com o advento da modernização implicando nas relações econômicas e sociais não desestruturaram o modo de vida ou uma territorialidade que historicamente ali fora construído. </text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563707">
                <text>http://confins.revues.org/8405</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563708">
                <text>fr</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563709">
                <text>Afuá</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563710">
                <text>Amazônia</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563711">
                <text>Pará</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563712">
                <text>River territoriality; way of life; Amazon region.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563713">
                <text>Amazonie.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563714">
                <text>modes de vie</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563715">
                <text>Territorialité fluviale</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563716">
                <text>Amazônia.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563717">
                <text>modos de vida</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="563718">
                <text>Territorialidade ribeirinha</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="563719">
                <text>A relação rural-urbano a partir das cidades ribeirinhas: o papel do comércio popular (feiras) na cidade de Afuá (PA)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="563720">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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