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                <text>Les modalités de réalisation des opérations d'inventaire du patrimoine sont en pleine évolution, notamment depuis la loi de décentralisation de ce service aux collectivités territoriales. Cet article revient sur les nouvelles formes que tendent à prendre les inventaires du patrimoine industriel, à travers l'exemple du travail réalisé en Sarthe. Entre étude sur le terrain et stratégies de restitution, ce texte fait la synthèse des propositions du Conseil général de la Sarthe pour une meilleure valorisation du patrimoine technique et industriel.</text>
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                <text>"Territoires industriels sarthois" : bilan et perspectives.</text>
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                  <text>Métropoles se veut le carrefour des travaux scientifiques issus de la plupart des disciplines en sciences sociales qui s’intéressent au fait urbain et métropolitain. Cette revue thématique souhaite présenter à la communauté académique internationale les travaux les plus significatifs et originaux issus soit des disciplines s’intéressant traditionnellement à la ville comme la géographie, la sociologie, la science politique ou l’économie, soit des disciplines qui interrogent le fait urbain depuis moins longtemps comme l’histoire  et le droit. Elle accueille les travaux produits au croisement des disciplines comme ceux de l’urbanisme, de l’aménagement ou du « planning ». Elle publie des articles en français et en anglais.</text>
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                <text>Au travers d’un travail ethnographique extensif, cet article illustre comment des lycéens de Seine-Saint-Denis circulent à travers la métropole parisienne. Il montre comment l’usage de l’espace, à la fois en tant que territoire et symbole, est socialement construit, remettant alors en cause la description médiatique d’adolescents de banlieue reclus, isolés et rechignant à quitter « leur quartier », ainsi que celle d’une jeunesse « non intégrée ». Observer où et comment les lycéens se déplacent – et ne se déplacent pas – à Paris, permet de comprendre la position ambivalente de ces jeunes dans la société française. L’analyse du rapport à leur lieu d’habitation met en valeur le poids du stigmate territorial et contribue au débat sociologique sur l’existence ou non de « ghettos » en France, en soulignant la connotation négative d’un terme rejeté et utilisé pour disqualifier le territoire « des autres » (le ghetto historique, le ghetto fictif, le ghetto américain et le ghetto voisin). L’article propose un idéal-type de la carte mentale et symbolique de Paris de ces jeunes (le Paris quotidien, le Paris poubelle et le blanc Paris) qui doit être lu en miroir de leur perception de leur propre lieu d’habitation. Cette relation donne à voir l’importance des processus de légitimation sociale, culturelle et “raciale” ainsi que les connections routinières et quotidiennes entre Paris et sa banlieue où processus d’intégration sociale et désir de mobilité sociale sont centraux. </text>
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                <text>Through an intensive ethnographic fieldwork, this paper illustrates how teenagers from the Parisian northern banlieue navigate the Parisian Metropolis. It shows how the use of space - as a territory and as a symbol - is socially constructed and questions the medias perspective cliché of secluded banlieue teenagers who would never leave their relegated housing projects, as well as the depiction of an ‘unintegrated youth’. Observing how and where they go – and do not go - in Paris allows us to understand their ambivalent position in the French society. Questioning how they relate to where they live also highlights the weight of a potent collective territorial stigmata, it also contributes to the ‘ghetto or no ghetto’ French sociological controversy by showing that the word “ghetto” is rejected and bears a highly negative connotation, being used to disqualify the territory of “the others” (the historical ghetto, the fictional ghetto, the American ghetto, the neighbourly ghetto). Finally, the paper addresses an idealtype of the mental and symbolic map of Paris (le Paris quotidien, le Paris poubelle and le blanc Paris) which highlights the power of social, cultural and racial legitimization and domination processes as well as the daily and routinized connections between Paris and the banlieues in which processes of social integration and desire for social mobility are crucial. </text>
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                <text>Tananarive</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="510606">
                <text>Madagascar</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="510607">
                <text>Tsayem Demaze, Moise</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="510608">
                <text>Trebouet, Alain</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="510609">
                <text>2008-11</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="510610">
                <text>Les recherches sur l'étalement urbain posent la question de la cartographie, de l'évaluation et du suivi spatio-temporel des villes. Elles interpellent la télédétection car celle-ci fournit en continu des images qui permettent de caractériser les territoires et leur évolution. Nous avons utilisé deux images satellites Spot XS de 1993 et de 2006 pour cartographier les modes d'occupation du sol et pour évaluer l'emprise et l'évolution du bâti dans le contexte géographique régional de l'Ouest de la France à travers l'exemple du Mans. Des classifications supervisées ont été appliquées à ces images suivant une approche multi-échelle qui distingue trois niveaux scalaires : l'agglomération urbaine, la communauté urbaine et la ville intra muros. Les résultats indiquent que l'étalement urbain décroît lorsqu'on passe du niveau de l'agglomération au niveau de la ville. De 1993 à 2006, les surfaces bâties ont augmenté au total de 49% (+2 439 ha) dans l'agglomération urbaine, de 22% (+1 168 ha) dans la communauté urbaine, de 6% (+233 ha) dans la ville du Mans intra muros. Ces résultats montrent qu'au niveau de la ville, le phénomène d'étalement urbain est caractérisé par la densification du bâti dans le peu d'espaces non bâtis encore disponibles, tandis qu'aux niveaux de l'agglomération et de la communauté urbaine, l'étalement urbain se déroule par de nouvelles constructions et par le mitage des espaces constructibles situés dans les communes périphériques de la ville du Mans.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="510611">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00457689</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="510612">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/45/76/89/PDF/etalement_urbain_Lemans.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="510613">
                <text>FRE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="510614">
                <text>Cartographie et évaluation multi-échelle de l'étalement urbain à l'aide d'images Spot XS : Exemple du Mans (Ouest-France)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="510615">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="510616">
                <text>[SHS:ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="510617">
                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="510618">
                <text>télédétection</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="510619">
                <text>Spot XS</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="510620">
                <text>étalement urbain</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="510621">
                <text>cartographie urbaine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="510622">
                <text>Le Mans</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="510623">
                <text>Cartographie et évaluation multi-échelle de l'étalement urbain à l'aide d'images Spot XS : Exemple du Mans (Ouest-France)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="510624">
                <text>conference, seminar, workshop communication</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="11891" public="1" featured="0">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644239">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194275">
                <text>Vogel, Ronald K. Advisor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194276">
                <text>Tsukamoto, Takashi</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194277">
                <text>2005</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194278">
                <text>This study examines the effects of globalization on state restructuring and the status of cities and local governments. I conduct a comparative case study of two Japanese world cities, Tokyo and Osaka, Japan. Existing globalization theories offer only partial explanations that fail to grasp the dynamic aspects of such rescaling. To explore the dynamics of government restructuring, this study investigates the relationship between decentralization, regionalization and globalization, highlighting the role of local leaders who employed political rhetoric in their efforts to rescale the city. This research finds that uneven economic effects of globalization are not the direct cause for the political actions of local leaders for government rescaling. Instead, local leaders pursued regionalism as political strategy, including to improve their ability to gain central government aid and to improve independent local economic viability, depending on the conditions of locally specific intergovernmental relations. Regionalism was a function of competition between city-regions over central government aid rather than globalization. The Japanese central government favored directly Tokyo as its strongest city-region for investment under globalization. In response, the leaders of the disadvantaged region Osaka sought decentralization for autonomy and regionalization for economic viability. The consequence is the combination of decentralization and regionalization under globalization. This process observed in Japan can provide insight as to the effects of globalization on government structure and the importance of local politics in the government rescaling. This theoretical approach to globalization and its effects on government does not contradict existing theories in the literature. Rather, this local strategic interactive approach supplements them by weaving them together. By introducing the strategic actions of local actors to the existing theories, it can reconcile competing theories, such as world cities thesis versus the nested scale theory and state globalization versus new localism.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194279">
                <text>http://digital.library.louisville.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/etd&amp;CISOPTR=659</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194280">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/994</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194281">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/d0a057f8598335e6034b9a3b047e679c.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194282">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194283">
                <text>University of Louisville</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194284">
                <text>region, regionalism, globalisation, urban policy, political sciences, world city, global city, economics</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194285">
                <text>Regionalism in the new globalized economy : Politics of scale and the discourse of regionalism - comparative politics of two Japanese global city-regions</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194286">
                <text>Thesis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="11892" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="29">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644239">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194287">
                <text>Rosemann, H. J. Promotor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194288">
                <text>Tunas, Devisari</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194289">
                <text>2008</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194290">
                <text>In the rapidly urbanizing world, the informal settlement has been forming a significant part of the common urban scene in many cities in the developing countries. It holds a particular role in the city as it houses millions of urban poor who has no access to the public housing. However it does not only offer accommodation but also economic opportunities that enables the inhabitants to survive. The informal settlement displays a very specific and particular mechanism of survival that is significantly characterized by the notion of flexibility in term of production and spatial occupation.

This research aims to investigate the local spatial economy or the spatial dynamic of survivability in the informal settlement. It focuses on the notion of space and locations of the process of survival in such settlement by analyzing the way the spaces are organized and negotiated as one of the most important tool of production and the place of production. It analyzes the dynamics by relating it to the notions of the social capital and the life chances in the informal settlement.

Moreover in order to offer a deeper understanding of the problem, apart from the looking at the actual and the localized problem, it will also look at the root of the problems by relating it to its past as an element of a colonial city; and analyse the major economic forces that contribute to its creation by relating it with the Dual City theory in order to accentuate the nature of the problem and its position in the metropolitan context. The research employs the case of kampong to illustrate the case of the informal settlement in the city of Jakarta, Indonesia. The result of the research shows that the dynamic of the survivability in the informal settlement is characterized by a multi-tier relationship between the formal and the informal economy. The continuity of its production is related to the wider economic sector; namely the formal sector, that creates demands and economic opportunities for them. It is also strongly bounded with its actual location; dislocation would therefore destroy the local livelihood. The local economic activities are also determined by the flexibility of the local spatial organization and production. These particular characters enable the inhabitants to manoeuvre in order to survive amidst the limited capital and resource. The process of production is highly depended on the intensity social relation that makes the spatial negotiation and the flexible production possible to take place. The local survivability therefore is in the same time very flexible and fragile. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194291">
                <text>http://repository.tudelft.nl/view/ir/uuid:f44a80b2-3b4e-4c5b-ad97-bd249e537c54/</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194292">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/995</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194293">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/5fcef43454d7774d015febe7c7e1e172.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194294">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194295">
                <text>International Forum on Urbanism</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194296">
                <text>informal settlement, kampong, poverty, spatial analysis, urban space, economics, spatial economy, slum, colonial city, urban society</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194297">
                <text>The spatial economy in the urban informal settlement</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194298">
                <text>Thesis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="26507" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="36">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644259">
                  <text>Espaces et sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644260">
                  <text>revue publiée par ERES</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>CAIRN</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="431125">
                <text>14</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="431126">
                <text>Turco, Angelo</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="431127">
                <text>1997</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="431128">
                <text>http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_ARTICLE=ESP_G1997_90_0231</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="431129">
                <text>fre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="431130">
                <text>Cairn</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="431131">
                <text>Espaces et sociétés, n90, 2, 1997-06-01, pp.231-254</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="431132">
                <text>Aménagement et processus territoriaux: l'enjeu sémiologique</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
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  <item itemId="28191" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="39">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Histoire urbaine</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644269">
                  <text>revue publiée par Société française d'histoire urbaine</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644270">
                  <text>CAIRN</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="446784">
                <text>33</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="446785">
                <text>Turcot, Laurent</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="446786">
                <text>2005</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  La vision municipale domine dans la conception et la définition des boulevards 
parisiens. Toutefois, les constructions privées réalisées au cours du XVIIIe siècle 
sur la promenade sont elles aussi des facteurs de définition de ce que peut constituer un lieu de promenade urbaine. Il importe de recontextualiser la promenade 
dans un cadre où les utilisateurs ont également leur mot à dire dans l'aménagement, la conception et surtout l'occupation du sol. Par l'étude d'un processus 
d'appropriation privé suivi d'une adaptation des autorités face à une telle utilisation, nous nous proposons de mettre au jour la fonction résidentielle de la promenade. Cette étude permet de comprendre comment on vit sur la promenade, et 
comment on entend redéfinir la pratique en fonction d'un espace qui se modifie. 
Cet indicateur de transformation des formes urbaines aide à comprendre la mise 
en place des boulevards comme élément organique de la ville moderne tout en 
caractérisant la nature singulière d'une voie urbaine.
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                <text>Histoire urbaine, n 12, 1, 2005-03-01, pp.89-115</text>
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                <text>L'émergence d'un espace plurifonctionnel : les boulevards parisiens au XVIIIe siècle</text>
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                  <text>Articulo – Journal of Urban Research est une publication en ligne à comité de lecture qui se consacre aux questions urbaines. Multidisciplinaire, la revue publie des contributions théoriques et empiriques portant sur les transformations sociales, environnementales et économiques des villes et des régions urbaines. Elle sert de forum international aux scientifiques et praticiens travaillant sur les problématiques urbaines dans le monde.</text>
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                <text>Au cours des XVIe et XVIIe siècles, la culture urbaine en Europe témoigne des débuts d’un « processus de civilisation » qui affectera autant les identités individuelles que les identités de groupes. Selon les travaux d’Elias, la définition d’un habitus civilisé dépend surtout de la distinction d’un comportement qualifié de « non civilisé ». Ce dernier est identifié soit avec un passé dépassé grâce au « processus de la civilisation », soit avec un état sauvage que l’on trouve dans le présent parmi certains groupes exogènes. Aux Pays-Bas du XVIIe siècle, l’émergence de ce paradigme d’une civilité urbaine a émergé au sein des dynamiques modernisantes qui transformaient également les relations entre ville et campagne. Selon la perception des citadins, les nouvelles structures sociales et économiques contribuaient à la différenciation entre vie urbaine et vie rurale, mettant la ville au centre des processus civilisateurs et modernisateurs. En revanche, dans la perspective urbaine, la vie des paysans vivant dans la campagne était perçue comme attardée et dépourvue des acquis de la civilisation et du progrès. La présente étude en histoire anthropologique se propose d’analyser les dynamiques modernes entre la ville et la campagne en utilisant un modèle de l’espace d’identité urbaine civilisée qui sera défini par l’interrelation de quatre idéaux-types : le Burger, le Boer, le Pronckert et le Hovenier. </text>
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                <text>Over the course of the so-called early modern period the civilizing process unfurled both at the individual level and within society as a whole. At its heart lies the idea that one form of individual habitus or social organization in a larger sense claims to have ascended above previous stages of linear development. This paradigm of modernity emerged in the Netherlands during the seventeenth century and was intimately tied to the social dynamics of Dutch early modern urbanization and to concomitant transformations in the countryside. Urban and rural forms of social organization increasingly grew apart and this allowed attributing to urban and rural areas as well as to their respective inhabitants the very characteristics that associated the former more closely and the latter more remotely with the benefits of civilization and progress. This study in anthropological history assesses such early modern social dynamics between the urban and the rural by employing a model of civilized urban identity space, defined by four oppositional ideal types – the Burger, the Boer, the Pronckert and the Hovenier. </text>
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                <text>Urban and rural articulations of an early modern bourgeois civilizing process and its discontents</text>
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                <text>, politique de la ville, sciences politiques, géographie urbaine, néolibéralisme, économie, gouvernance, équité sociale, mouvement social, citoyenneté, représentations, Rossi Ugo, Vanolo Alberto</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; How can we think about the urban within a political and geographical framework? This compelling new textbook scrutinizes urban politics through a theoretical and empirical lens to provide readers with a clear understanding of the relationship between political, spatial and economic issues on the urban environment.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Taking a truly global analysis, the book uses international comparative case studies from cities across the world including London, Beijing, Austin, and Vancouver. It draws on ideas and theories from human geography, politics, sociology, economics, and development.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Engaging in style and thorough in its coverage of the key issues, the book is essential reading for students and scholars looking for a book that deals with contemporary urban debates from a political, economic and geographical perspective.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Ugo Rossi &lt;/b&gt;is a Research Fellow at the Universit&amp;agrave; di Cagliari.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Alberto Vanolo &lt;/b&gt;is a Researcher in the Faculty of Economics at the University of Turin.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>Air quality is a major concern in many large cities of the world, where people and sources of pollution are concentrated in the same place. Most cities have acquired a surveillance network of air pollution. But the cost of these networks is high and limits the knowledge of pollutant concentration to specific points of the town. Presently practitioners generate maps of concentration in pollutants by mean of interpolating and extrapolation methods, such as thin plate or kriging methods. Those methods are familiar and their quality depends on the number of input parameters. Other tools by modeling pollutant dispersion exist but turn to be insufficient and are not validated yet. Based on a multi-sources approach, this paper presents a methodology for the mapping of pollutant concentrations over the city of Strasbourg and its vicinity. Sources related to air pollution and urban shapes and morphology are exploited to densify the number of pollution data used for a mapping by interpolation. Several terms are introduced: “identity card of a measuring station”, “morphological indicators”, “pseudostation” and “virtual station”.</text>
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                <text>La qualité de l'air dans les villes est devenue une préoccupation majeure en France, en Europe et dans le monde. Les villes concentrent la majorité des populations et des sources de pollution. Elles sont un objet d'étude privilégié pour l'évaluation des polluants. En France toutes les villes de plus de 100 000 habitants doivent être équipées d'un réseau de surveillance de la qualité de l'air. Les coûts d'installation, d'entretien et de gestion de ces réseaux sont importants et limitent le nombre de stations de mesures installées. A partir de ces quelques points de mesures, des cartes de concentration en polluants sont générées de manière routinière par des méthodes d'interpolation et d'extrapolation, comme les plaques minces ou les méthodes basées sur le krigeage. Les résultats dépendent grandement du nombre de mesures. Basée sur une approche multi-sources, cet article présente une méthodologie pour la cartographie des concentrations de polluants. Cette méthodologie s'appuie sur la définition de pseudostations et de stations virtuelles de mesures à l'aide d'images satellitaires et d'une base de données géographiques. Les pseudostations sont des lieux de la ville présentant des caractéristiques spatiale, structurales, morphologiques et des signatures spectrales similaires aux emplacements des stations de mesures réelles. Les signatures spectrales similaires à celles des stations réelles sont recherchées dans une série d'images Landsat. Puis des indices morphologiques calculés à partir de la base de données géographiques BD TOPO(R) sont utilisés pour restreindre le nombre de pseudostations. Ces pseudostations sont alors utilisées pour déterminer les stations virtuelles qui permettent d'affecter une concentration de polluants en ce point de la ville. La densification du nombre de points de mesures (réels et virtuels) permet de calculer une nouvelle cartographie des concentrations de polluants. Une illustration partielle de cette méthodologie est proposée pour la ville de Strasbourg. Une campagne de mesures utilisant des moyens de mesures mobiles en juin 2002 fournira les moyens de valider l'approche.</text>
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                <text>Dans certaines parties de la Chine, et particulièrement au sud, dans la province du Guangdong, les communautés rurales ont conservé la propriété de la plupart de leurs terres après que leur usage a été converti en quartiers urbains ou zones industrielles. Dans ces zones, les comités villageois n’ont pas complètement disparu mais se sont transformés en sociétés collectives de gestion foncière, se renforçant grâce aux revenus locatifs ainsi générés. Au lieu d’être relogés, les résidents d’origine demeurent généralement dans l’ancienne zone résidentielle du village. Bénéficiant des revenus engendrés par leur société de gestion foncière, ils sont devenus une nouvelle classe de propriétaires vivant de dividendes et de loyers, et se sont hissés au niveau de confort de la classe moyenne. Nous avons analysé le fonctionnement de ce système ainsi que ses principales ramifications économiques et sociales dans le cadre d’une recherche de terrain menée dans quatre communautés : un village industriel dans le delta de la rivière des Perles, un quartier urbain de Shenzhen possédant sa propre station de métro et dont le terrain est toujours détenu et administré collectivement par les anciens villageois, et deux « villages-dans-la-ville » situés dans les nouveaux districts centraux de Canton où des lotissements chics et des tours de bureaux appartenant aux sociétés de gestion foncière poussent aux côtés de temples de villages et de temples lignagers récemment reconstruits. </text>
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                <text>Le modèle d’urbanisation du Guangdong</text>
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                <text>, bidonville, quartier défavorisé, quartiers illégaux, squat, pauvreté, pays en développement, UN-Habitat</text>
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                <text>&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; The Challenge of Slums presents the first global assessment of slums, emphasizing their problems and prospects. It presents estimates of the numbers of urban slum dwellers and examines the factors that underlie the formation of slums, as well as their social, spatial and economic characteristics and dynamics. It also evaluates the principal policy responses to the slum challenge of the last few decades. The report argues that the number of slum dwellers is growing and will continue to increase unless there is serious and concerted action by all relevant stakeholders. The report points the way forward and identifies the most promising approaches to achieving the Millennium Declaration target on improving the lives of slum dwellers.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Understanding Slums&lt;/a&gt;' website, which features comprehensive reports and data on 33 of the cities studied as part of the UN-Habitat's investigation.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>It is the writer's contention that there are existing weaknesses in the empirical literature on ghetto riots. One of the most serious weaknesses rests in the fact that many of the theories and/or assumptions put forth in attempts to explain aspects of urban rioting lack careful and rigorous empirical testing. An attempt will be made to examine systematically research material in the area of urban riots for the purpose of clarifying and testing several commonplace theories and/or assumptions. In the final analysis, this study will attempt to answer three basic questions: What theories have been offered to explain the emergence and evolution of rioting? Wjat is the relationship between the degree of riot severity and the level of black political representation? What did the riots accmplish for Black Americans?</text>
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