<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://crevilles.org/items?output=omeka-xml&amp;page=547&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CTitle" accessDate="2026-04-13T21:34:30+02:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>547</pageNumber>
      <perPage>20</perPage>
      <totalResults>11648</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="39617" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="59">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644286">
                  <text>Cybergeo : revue européenne de géographie</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644287">
                  <text>La Revue électronique européenne de géographie Cybergeo est conçue pour permettre une communication plus rapide de la recherche et pour promouvoir une discussion plus directe entre auteurs et lecteurs. Dans le but d'élargir l'échange des idées, des méthodes et des résultats, elle publie dans les principales langues européennes. Elle est ouverte largement sur la géographie, sans parti pris d'école ni de thématique. Elle garantit un bon niveau scientifique des articles en les soumettant à un comité de lecture international. Elle permet aussi la libre expression en s'accompagnant de forums de discussion et de listes de diffusion. Elle offre un accès facile aux articles grâce à un système de rubriques et de recherche par mots-clés. Tant que cela sera possible, elle est d'accès libre et gratuit.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644288">
                  <text>Revues.org</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="625525">
                <text>Urban biodiversity: is there such a thing?</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="625526">
                <text>Géographie</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="625527">
                <text>Systèmes ; modélisation ; géostatistiques</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="625528">
                <text>Espace ; société et territoire</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="625529">
                <text>Géographie : politique ; culture et représentation</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="625530">
                <text>Épistémologie et méthodes</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="625531">
                <text>ost:Environmental studies; Geography &amp; Development</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="625532">
                <text>isi:Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="625533">
                <text>isi:Urban studies</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="625534">
                <text>In recent years, landscapes have undergone profound transformations - the destruction of natural habitats, fragmentation, increased uniformity due to intensive agriculture, urban sprawls, etc. - which have had a strong impact on plant and animal life and on biological systems. Species able to live only in one type of habitat, or to survive only on one type of food are gradually disappearing, whereas others, more adaptable, are breeding at a fast pace. Although the decline of biological divers...</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="625535">
                <text>Clergeau, Philippe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="625536">
                <text>UMR 8504 Géographie-cités</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="625537">
                <text>1996-04-12</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="625538">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="625539">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="625540">
                <text>http://cybergeo.revues.org/277</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20092" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334197">
                <text>Urban boundaries and margins : Urban History Group 2008 conference</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334198">
                <text>boundary, limite, espace urbain, histoire urbaine, exclusion, société urbaine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334199">
                <text>
Multiple authors

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334200">
                <text>
27 - 28 March 2008

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334201">
                <text>
Urban History Group

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334202">
                <text>http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/urbanhistory/uhg/past-conferences/copy_of_2008</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334203">
                <text>
Various</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334204">
                <text>&lt;b&gt;From the conference report : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
The fortieth meeting of the Urban History Group was held in Rutland Hall at the University of &lt;br /&gt;
Nottingham on 27&amp;ndash;28 March 2008. With over seventy delegates attending, the conference featured two days of seminars, discussion and socialising, all focussed on the subject of &amp;lsquo;Urban Boundaries and Margins&amp;rsquo;.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Papers available as full text : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
M. Abraham - The summary courts and attitudes towards non lethal violence during the period 1887 - 1931 in Northampton and Nottingham&lt;/div&gt;
B. Anderson - The Manchester Ramblers' Federation and urban/rural interaction, c1929 - 1936&lt;/div&gt;
Philip Baker - Parishes, parishiones and peripheries : Residence and status in early modern London&lt;/div&gt;
Laura Balderstone - Semi-detached Britain? An analysis of social networks in outer fringe suburbia 1950 - 2005&lt;/div&gt;
V. Bickford-Smith - Creating South African green zones : Antiquarian history and the creation of urban boundaries in white South African imagination, 1940s to 1970s&lt;/div&gt;
B. Bonomo - A shifting boundary : Domestic and public space in middle-class Rome, c1945 - 1973&lt;/div&gt;
A. Brown May - Lock up your roosters : City noises, public spaces, urban boundaries&lt;/div&gt;
A. Buffa - Images of the Bronx and Naples : The media, the margins, and urban struggles, 1970s - 1980s&lt;/div&gt;
C. Casson - Forgery in the market place : A study of six medieval English towns&lt;/div&gt;
M. Dorey - Lewd, idle people selling corrupt, unwholesome food? The construction of street hawkers as the corruptive other in 17th century London records&lt;/div&gt;
M. Flanagan - Pushing women to the margins in the patriarchal city : Chicago, Toronto, Dublin, and London, 1870s - 1940s&lt;/div&gt;
J. Furnee - Ballots and boundaries. Social clubs and cultural associations in nineteenth-century The Hague&lt;/div&gt;
B. Heller - Perception and practice of boundaries in London recreation, 1760 - 1820&lt;/div&gt;
Z. Kiss - Boundaries of the public scene : The case of Hungray in the 1860s&lt;/div&gt;
R. Laitinen - The toll border and defining the urban in a seventeenth-century Swedish town&lt;/div&gt;
C. LeThomas - Beyond the margins : Picasso and company in Montmartre&lt;/div&gt;
R. Reichard - Curbs : Environmental control, social control&lt;/div&gt;
M. Storey - Rural life and urbanisation in nineteenth century America : Urbanism beyond the city&lt;/div&gt;
R. Verbruggen - Globalisation and city networks in late medieval and early modern Europe&lt;/div&gt;
Ian West - Dawn on our darkness : Shining artificial light on early 19th century urban life&lt;/div&gt;
V. Wolcott - Violence and racial boundaries : Recreation riots in post-WWII U.S. cities&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="334205">
                <text>Autre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1613">
        <name>boundary</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="72">
        <name>espace urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="514">
        <name>exclusion</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="126">
        <name>histoire urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1614">
        <name>limite</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="417">
        <name>société urbaine</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="11831" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="29">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644239">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193542">
                <text>Pesch, Franz. Adviser</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193543">
                <text>Helmy, Mona</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193544">
                <text>2008</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193545">
                <text>Since 1970, oil has given the Arab Gulf cities the opportunity to break regional and international records in urban development and economic growth, experiencing dramatic changes in the political, economic and socio-cultural domains, and especially in architecture and urbanism. The development of oil urbanization was shaped by the different practices of “Urban Branding” and city marketing processes. More important, "Urban branding" presents the duality of the emerging cityscape, in which the “perceived images” of the city as a tangible experience of the “urban landscape” interacts with the “brand image” of the city created by the media generated image or “urban Mediascape”, establishing new approaches and directions for research and interpretation.

The research is concerned with three main enquiries: 1.To what extent can the creation of a successful image make changes in the urban landscape? 2.What are the opportunities offered by urban branding to guide or to control the appearance of the conventional typical elements of the city image over the special identity of the cities? 3.How have cities succeeded (or not) in their urban branding processes and why?
The research aims at examining whether a balance between the presentation of the identity of places and the urban development of the Gulf cities can be achieved. Also, it aims to establish a planning framework that incorporates the practice of urban branding in the design and planning of cities.

The research is based on a “thematic” approach combining empirical descriptive approach and comparative analysis method in analyzing and assessing selected examples and the interpretation of case studies.

The research focuses on the investigation of selected case studies for Arab Gulf cities – Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Doha, Qatar; Kuwait City, Kuwait; and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia - that may have succeeded (or not) in creating an image of the emerging city that has become nationally or internationally recognized. The analysis is based on selected themes, in which the most related illustrative analysis techniques are extensively used.

Following the investigation of the case studies, a comparative analysis for the case studies systematically scrutinizes and evaluates the elements that characterized the process by which imaging processes, both visual and brand images, affecting the Gulf city form. The objective is to identify the common elements between the presented case studies in order to synthesis the major characteristics of the phenomenon of the Gulf city imaging. The findings of the comparative analysis highlight the relationships between branding and city form, including the impact of branding on the development of the city image.

The suggested conceptual approach is based on incorporating the practice of urban branding in the design and development processes of the Gulf cities. The approach is based on the argument that city images are deemed to be those elements used to represent a city as a whole and its associated meanings. Hence, the suggested approach is conceived in terms of a triad, consisting of three major components: the city identity, the visual image, and the branding image. Each of these components encompasses other smaller components integral to the building of the approach itself. Consequently, the three components address ways in which city image(s) can be integrated and how the desired integration would meet the capacity of planning the city image.

There are different urban branding strategies that could be developed based on diverse city development objectives and visions, such as large scale urban projects, signed architecture, events, media, etc. The study focuses on strategies that tend to combine tangible aspects of the Gulf cities – their built environment, urban culture, heritage, infrastructure, etc. – and a number of intangible aspects – their slogan, their identity, etc. The study focuses on thee main areas: branding location strategies including natural settings, flagship projects, and landmark buildings, branding through city life, festivals and special events and branding through Mediascape, (advertising, publications, slogans, logos, etc.).

The guidelines and recommendations are arranged according to their context, current issues, planning objectives and suggested specific exemplary actions. Suggested planning guidelines deal with the following areas of action: skyline, public space, architecture, heritage, public art, and recommendations for the media generated images: festivals and events, logos, slogans and cities’ websites. Illustrative examples from both international and regional successful experience are used in a joint concern of city planning and city branding.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193546">
                <text>http://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/opus/volltexte/2008/3728/</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193547">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/925</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="193548">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/b6113b1b5d752198597eff6ea428f0a5.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193549">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193550">
                <text>Universität Stuttgart</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193551">
                <text>city branding, urban branding, urban landscape, urban planning, urban development, identity, image, Arab city</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193552">
                <text>Urban branding strategies and the emerging Arab cityscape : The image of the Gulf city</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193553">
                <text>Thesis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="22007" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="33">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644244">
                  <text>Espace Populations Sociétés</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644245">
                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644246">
                  <text>PERSEE</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373662">
                <text>59-71</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373663">
                <text>Brian Robson</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373664">
                <text>1986</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373665">
                <text>L'évolution des villes et la politique urbaine en Grande-Bretagne. 

Les grandes villes britanniques ont connu un déclin important en termes de population, d'emplois et de revenus depuis les années cinquante. Face à cette évolution, l'article cherche à répondre à trois questions. 
Ce processus de déclin urbain est-il naturel dans le cadre de l'économie de marché, ou est-ce-que les politiques urbaines y ont joué un rôle - que celui-ci soit conscient ou non ? Les secteurs publics et privés sont-ils capables de transformer cette évolution, plus particulièrement dans le domaine du marché du logement, étant donné le contexte de crise économique ? Ces différentes stratégies urbaines ont-elles renforcé les disparités sociales et spatiales dans les grandes villes ? Pour répondre à la dernière question, des données détaillées des recensements de 1971 et 1981 pour le Grand Manchester sont analysées.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="373666">
                <text>The large towns and cities in Britain have suffered strong decline since the fifties, in terms of population, employment and income. In the face of this urban decay, the paper explores three questions. Are these changes the results of natural processes of the market economy or has policy-making played a role in the decline, whether consciously or not? Can the private and the public sector tackle the problems of change in the context of decline, especially in the field of housing? To what extent has recent urban policy contributed to the social and spatial disparities in the large cities? 
In looking at the last question, detailed information of the 1971 and 1981 cencuses for Manchester are analysed.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="373667">
                <text>Robson Brian. Urban Change and Policy responses in Britain. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1986-1. Logement et différenciations sociales dans les villes européennes - Housing and social differentiation in european cities. pp. 59-71.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373668">
                <text>http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1986_num_4_1_1085</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="373669">
                <text>doi:10.3406/espos.1986.1085</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373670">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373671">
                <text>PERSEE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373672">
                <text>social and spatial polarisation. ; Great-Britain ; Manchester ; urban policy ; housing policy ; urban decline</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="373673">
                <text>Grande-Bretagne ; Manchester ; déclin urbain ; politique urbaine ; politique du logement ; polarisation sociale et spatiale.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373674">
                <text>Urban Change and Policy responses in Britain</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="373675">
                <text>article</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="11925" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="29">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644239">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194687">
                <text>Van Minnen, Peter. Committee Chair</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194688">
                <text>Osland, Daniel K.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194689">
                <text>2011</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194690">
                <text>This dissertation focuses on the Roman city of Augusta Emerita, modern Mérida, Spain, as a case study for understanding changes in the culture, economy, and society of Hispania in late antiquity. The evidence presented here shows that some of the major cultural shifts that appear in the archaeological record for the sixth and seventh centuries have their roots in the fourth century, when Emerita was still fully integrated into the Roman Empire. This evidence also shows that Visigothic period residents were driven by a different set of values and interests from those that inspired urban investment in the Roman period, while the wealthy Christian hierarchy was a key stabilizing force throughout the Late Antique period.&#13;
&#13;
A presentation of the physical setting and the infrastructure of the Roman city serves as the foundation for my analysis of the ancient city of Emerita. Public buildings were important venues for elite display, at times even receiving attention from provincial and imperial officials, especially in the early Roman period. In the Late Roman period, the class that had built the Roman face of the city was also instrumental in the de-Romanization of Emerita, by permitting or even participating in the deconstruction and privatization of the public monuments and spaces. For the Visigothic period, archaeological and textual evidence, including the Vitae Patrum Emeritensium, both point to shifting venues for elite investment, away from structures associated with traditional Roman identity to those associated with Christianity. The elite of Visigothic Emerita expressed and enhanced their status not through further contributions to the city’s Roman identity, but through new contributions to the promotion of Christian ideals.&#13;
&#13;
My unprecedented analysis of the ceramic record from a cross-section of Emerita’s late antique sites has allowed me to provide new insights into changing trade networks, dining habits, and the technology of pottery production. I have included a discussion of the potential causes for, and ramifications of, these changes, in order to flesh out the image of the city that is cast by architectural remains and written sources. By offering a comprehensive analysis of the available evidence, this dissertation goes beyond the narrative of decline and stagnation that often frames discussion of the late antique West.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194691">
                <text>http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307045346</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194692">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/1074</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194693">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/1dad47eb3964435fb25c16b9c74a050c.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194694">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194695">
                <text>University of Cincinnati</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194696">
                <text>Late Antiquity, Emerita, Visigoth, Hispania, de-Romanization, Roman Spain</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194697">
                <text>Urban change in Late Antique Hispania: The case of Augusta Emerita</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194698">
                <text>Dissertation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24359" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2461">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/4028662a2911baf30b6dd51fa10fb868.jpg</src>
        <authentication>c9a368b6dfde7fdcb149cc17b1196967</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="403529">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="403530">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="403533">
                    <text>218</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="403534">
                    <text>160</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="403521">
                <text>Urban cinematics: Understanding urban phenomena through the moving image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="403522">
                <text>film, espace urbain, paysage urbain, aménagement urbain, architecture, Penz François, Lu Andong</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="403523">
                <text>NC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="403524">
                <text>June 2011 </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="403525">
                <text>Intellect Ltd.  </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="403526">
                <text>224</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="403527">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="403528">
                <text>Ouvrage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="180">
        <name>aménagement urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5">
        <name>architecture</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="72">
        <name>espace urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="665">
        <name>film</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="4864">
        <name>Lu Andong</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="117">
        <name>paysage urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="4863">
        <name>Penz François</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25315" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="3070">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/f20d370de9d9402d6c4e41354772ef1b.jpg</src>
        <authentication>122dbf41f67f79bfc4958f6639f44f8f</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="414245">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="414246">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="414249">
                    <text>111</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="414250">
                    <text>140</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="10">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644241">
                  <text>Multimédia</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644243">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="3">
      <name>Moving Image</name>
      <description>A series of visual representations that, when shown in succession, impart an impression of motion.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="628082">
                <text>Urban colossus: Why is New York America's largest city?</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="628083">
                <text>économie, histoire urbaine, mutation urbaine, croissance urbaine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="628084">
                <text>Edward Glaeser looks at the history of New York and its contemporary character in order to answer the question of why New York became the largest city in America. He focuses especially on the economic aspects behind the city's growth.&#13;
 &#13;
Edward Glaeser is Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics at Harvard University.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="628085">
                <text>Edward Glaeser</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="628086">
                <text>Uchannel</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="628087">
                <text>2008-03-11</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="628088">
                <text>01:30:56</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="628089">
                <text>EN</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="628090">
                <text>Vidéo</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="628091">
                <text>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2FxtxFhD2I</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="123">
        <name>croissance urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="104">
        <name>économie</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="126">
        <name>histoire urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="159">
        <name>mutation urbaine</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24422" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2524">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/4b224ea614842e03601d4ce53cacd781.jpg</src>
        <authentication>f2cb7345a8bb1f33b8d0b97248cd0184</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="404417">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="404418">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="404421">
                    <text>228</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="404422">
                    <text>160</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="404409">
                <text>Urban constellations</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="404410">
                <text>, urbanisation, culture urbaine, économie, nature dans la ville, mutation urbaine, art, film, Gandy Matthew</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="404411">
                <text>NC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="404412">
                <text>November 2011 </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="404413">
                <text>Jovis Verlag  </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="404414">
                <text>208</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="404415">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Cities are an unprecedented focus of attention: over half the world now lives in them, culture and politics are shaped by them, and they are also focal points for new relationships between nature, technology and the human body. This essay collection brings together a range of cutting-edge international scholarship on cities, urbanization and urban culture. The format of the collection is a series of small essays in the spirit of Benjamin, Kracauer and other innovative forms of writing and observation. The collection explores themes such as new forms of political mobilization, the effects of economic instability, the political ecology of urban nature and the presence of collective memory. Cultural aspects of urban change are also considered including the work of artists, film makers and others, who have sought to critically engage with processes of urban change. The global scope of the collection includes essays on London, Berlin and Los Angeles, as well as less extensively studied cities such as Buenos Aires, Lagos and Seoul.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Matthew Gandy &lt;/b&gt;is Professor in the Department of Geography at UCL.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="404416">
                <text>Ouvrage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="534">
        <name>art</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="129">
        <name>culture urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="104">
        <name>économie</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="665">
        <name>film</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1951">
        <name>Gandy Matthew</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="159">
        <name>mutation urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="394">
        <name>nature dans la ville</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="80">
        <name>urbanisation</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24013" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2116">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/dd5652cbb075c6beb86c3307178cbebc.jpg</src>
        <authentication>1635a40889ee84fb032e07db0b3aa594</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="398687">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="398688">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="398691">
                    <text>240</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="398692">
                    <text>160</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="398679">
                <text>Urban cultures in (post)colonial central Europe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="398680">
                <text>, culture urbaine, capitalisme, marxisme, ville coloniale, identité, Warsaw, Prague, Budapest, Berlin, Varsovie, Lisiak Agata Anna </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="398681">
                <text>Agata Anna Lisiak </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="398682">
                <text>December 2010 </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="398683">
                <text>Purdue University Press </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="398684">
                <text>214</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="398685">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Berlin, Budapest, Prague, and Warsaw are cities indelibly marked by more than forty years of Soviet influence. Urban Cultures in (Post) Colonial Central Europe explores the ways in which these major urban centers have redefined their identities in the last two decades. The author suggests that they are both Central European and (post) colonial spaces and that the locations of their (post)coloniality can be found predominantly in communicative and media processes and their results in architecture, film, literature, and new media.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Agata Anna Lisiak analyzes Berlin, Budapest, Prague, and Warsaw as (post)colonial cities because their politics, cultures, societies, and economies have been shaped by two centers of power: the Soviet Union as the former colonizer, whose influence remains visible predominantly in architecture, infrastructure, social relations, and mentalities, and the Western culture and the Western and/or global capital as the current colonizer, whose impact extends over virtually all spheres of urban life. The cities discussed are not exclusively postcolonial or solely colonial: they are &amp;ldquo;in-between&amp;rdquo; the two predicaments and, hence, are best described as (post)colonial. The (post)colonial and &amp;ldquo;in-between peripheral&amp;rdquo; identities and locations of the Central European capitals complement each other, and their analysis provides a relevant perspective on the transformation processes that have been shaping the region after 1989.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Agata Anna Lisiak&lt;/b&gt; completed her PhD in 2009 in communication and media studies at the University of Halle-Wittenberg. Most recently, she completed a post-doctoral fellowship in urban studies at the National Sun Yat-sen University where her research extended to Asian port cities.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="398686">
                <text>Ouvrage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="479">
        <name>Berlin</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1209">
        <name>Budapest</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="42">
        <name>capitalisme</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="129">
        <name>culture urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="387">
        <name>identité</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="4127">
        <name>Lisiak Agata Anna</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1699">
        <name>marxisme</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2925">
        <name>Prague</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2119">
        <name>Varsovie</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="812">
        <name>ville coloniale</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2118">
        <name>Warsaw</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="31844" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="43">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644254">
                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507222">
                <text>Pavia</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507223">
                <text>Italy</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507224">
                <text>Chesnel, Anne-Lise</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507225">
                <text>Binet, Renaud</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507226">
                <text>Wald, Lucien</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507227">
                <text>2008-09-11</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507228">
                <text>Remote sensing has proved its usefulness for the crisis mitigation through situation report and damage assessment. Visual analysis of satellite images is conducted by analysts, however automatic or decision aid method are desired. We propose a semi-automatic damage assessment method based on a pair of very high spatial resolution (VHR) images and some ancillary data. It is applied to two disaster cases, for which the QuickBird images acquisition conditions differ. For each case, the two images also have very different viewing and illumination angles. Hence their comparison requires a preliminary registration; an automatic method adapted to VHR images is described. Then several change features are extracted from the buildings, and their relevance to assess damage on buildings is evaluated. Some textural features allow a damage assessment, but correlation coefficients are more efficient. Finally, a step toward the full automation of the method is done, skipping the supervision step of the classification process. We show the robustness of the global approach for both disaster cases with average performances closed to 75 % when 4 damage classes are discriminated, up to 90 % for a intact/damaged detection.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507229">
                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00464847</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507230">
                <text>http://hal-ensmp.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/46/48/47/PDF/6th_paper.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507231">
                <text>ENG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507232">
                <text>Proceedings, 6th International Workshop on Remote Sensing for Disaster Management Applications</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507233">
                <text>6th International Workshop on Remote Sensing for Disaster Management Applications</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507234">
                <text>[SDE] Environmental Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507235">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507236">
                <text>[SPI:SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences/Signal and Image processing</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="507237">
                <text>[INFO:INFO_TS] Computer Science/Signal and Image Processing</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507238">
                <text>Urban damage assessment using multimodal QuickBird images and ancillary data: the Bam and the Boumerdes earthquakes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="507239">
                <text>conference, seminar, workshop communication</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24230" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2332">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/887d40b282faa3df822b76931f455906.jpg</src>
        <authentication>72db702c4a6cc53f91e9d688c5616f4d</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="401724">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="401725">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="401728">
                    <text>206</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="401729">
                    <text>160</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="401716">
                <text>Urban design since 1945 : A global perspective</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="401717">
                <text>, aménagement urbain, urban design, conception des villes, reconstruction, urbanisation, mégapole, mégalopole, métropole, fragmentation urbaine, ville nouvelle, capital city, capitale, Shane David Grahame</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="401718">
                <text>David Grahame Shane </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="401719">
                <text>April 2011 </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="401720">
                <text>Wiley </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="401721">
                <text>360</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="401722">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Urban Design Since 1945: A Global Perspective reviews the emergence of urban design as a global phenomenon.&lt;br /&gt; The book opens with the urgent need to rebuild cities and re-house the millions of refugees living in camps and shantytowns at the end of the Second World War. Against this background, the book traces the collapse of the modernist, comprehensive state-planning schemes on both sides of the Iron Curtain as global corporations emerged, concentrating on networks and enclaves. It describes how Latin America and then Asia began a rapid urbanisation process, shifting the global urban centre away from Europe and overturning existing urban design models. This resulted in global megacities of an unprecedented scale, often with large associated shantytowns.&lt;br /&gt; By outlining the dominant models in urban design over the last sixty years - the metropolis, the megalopolis, the fragmented metropolis and the global megacity - the book provides an essential framework for students of the subject.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Featured case studies include:&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; the rebuilding of metropolitan capitals in Europe and Asia, such as Berlin, London, Moscow, Tokyo and Beijing&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; the construction of new towns like Nowa Huta, Poland; Harlow, UK; Chandigarh, India; Brasilia, Brazil; Milton Keynes New Town, UK; and Shenzhen, China&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; the megalopolis as a global phenomenon from the American East Coast, Texas, California, Arizona and Florida, with examples from Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Latin America, such as Caracas, Venezuela&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; the fragmented metropolis as a global phenomenon, with American, Asian and European examples, such as Downtown and Midtown (New York), Shinjuku (Tokyo), Canary Wharf (London), La D&amp;eacute;fense (Paris) and Potsdamer Platz (Berlin)&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; megacities as a global phenomenon, such as Jakarta in Indonesia or Bangkok in Thailand, that include urban agriculture and urban villages, as do shrinking eco-city regions such as Duisburg, Germany or Detroit, USA&lt;br /&gt; &amp;bull; World's Fairs such as Brussels 1958 and Osaka 1970 which feature as drivers of innovation, as do Olympic events in Tokyo (1964), Barcelona (1992), Beijing (2008) and London (2012).&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;David Grahame Shane &lt;/b&gt;teaches Graduate Urban Design at Columbia University and undergraduate students at Cooper Union in New York. He also lectures for the Bartlett School of Architecture Graduate Urban Design Programme, University of London and at the Polytechnic in Milan, as well as participating in masterclasses at the University of Venice.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="401723">
                <text>Ouvrage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="180">
        <name>aménagement urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2701">
        <name>capital city</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="89">
        <name>capitale</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="906">
        <name>conception des villes</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="995">
        <name>fragmentation urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="103">
        <name>mégalopole</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="102">
        <name>mégapole</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="66">
        <name>métropole</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="161">
        <name>reconstruction</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="4597">
        <name>Shane David Grahame</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="905">
        <name>urban design</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="80">
        <name>urbanisation</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="110">
        <name>ville nouvelle</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20175" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1043">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/d4dbe03e694214f45751e35a80163bcc.jpg</src>
        <authentication>17bfbeb002282f21ec587d808eb4451f</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335163">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335164">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335167">
                    <text>258</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="335168">
                    <text>160</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335154">
                <text>Urban development : A new perspective</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335155">
                <text>Asie, Asia, développement urbain, urbanisation, histoire urbaine, politique urbaine, environnement urbain, bidonville, démographie, croissance urbaine, Inde, India, Prasad B. K. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335156">
                <text>NC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335157">
                <text>
2003

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335158">
                <text>
Sarup &amp;amp; Sons 

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335159">
                <text>http://books.google.com/books?id=zHePNF0ItykC&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335160">
                <text>
296</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335161">
                <text>&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Although it has often been taken as a general definition of the city and urban culture (whence the commonsense notion that cities must fulfill commercial functions), Pirenne's fomulation was deficient because only the European medieval city and its burgher culture were taken as typical of the &amp;quot;true&amp;quot; city. Max Weber in &lt;i&gt;The City &lt;/i&gt;(1921) provided another definition of the city, similar to Pirenne's, when he contrasted &amp;quot;Occidental&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Oriental&amp;quot; urbanism. According to Weber, five attributes define an urban community : it must possess (1) a fortification, (2) a market, (3) a law code and court system of its own, (4) an association of urban citizenry creating a sense of municipal corporateness, and (5) sufficient political autonomy for urban citizens to choose the city's governors.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Studying the cultural roles of cities must include not only the cultural beliefs and practices that emanate from cities but also the cultural forms that develop within the city as a result of the impact of the urban culture on it. In this way scholarship can bring forward a cross-culturally and historically valid conception of cities, their cultural forms, and the urban cultures in which they are set.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
As a country develops from primarily an agricultural to an industrial economy, large scale migration of rural residents to towns ans cities takes place. During this process, the growth rate of urban areas is typically double the pace of overall population increase. Some 29 per cent of the world population was living in urban areas in 1950; this figure was 43 per cent in 1990, and is projected to rise to about 50 per cent by the year 2000. In this book, an attempt has been made to discuss urban development, its concepts and historical development. Thus we hope that it will be an immensely important edition for all those concerned with the discipline.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Contents : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Preface&lt;/div&gt;
A history of the city in Monsoon Asia&lt;/div&gt;
The post-urban period in Northwestern India&lt;/div&gt;
Urbanization trends and urban policy issues&lt;/div&gt;
Urban structure under dependent development&lt;/div&gt;
Regional centres : An analysis of commodity flow pattern&lt;/div&gt;
Spatial pattern of population growth&lt;/div&gt;
Development controls and implementing machinery&lt;/div&gt;
The urban environment&lt;/div&gt;
Urbanization in India : Pattern and emerging policy issues&lt;/div&gt;
Urbanization : Modernization and women's political participation&lt;/div&gt;
Urban demographic profile&lt;/div&gt;
Slum : The nature and the extent of the problem in India&lt;/div&gt;
Urban poor an social ferment : A case study of Kolkata region&lt;/div&gt;
A new perspective in the regional disparities in development : The Indian view&lt;/div&gt;
Urbanization in 2001 A.D. : A sociological perspective&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="335162">
                <text>Ouvrage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="767">
        <name>Asia</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="768">
        <name>Asie</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="363">
        <name>bidonville</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="123">
        <name>croissance urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="98">
        <name>démographie</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="40">
        <name>développement urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="400">
        <name>environnement urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="126">
        <name>histoire urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="713">
        <name>Inde</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="729">
        <name>India</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="12">
        <name>politique urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1749">
        <name>Prasad B. K.</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="80">
        <name>urbanisation</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="20603" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="1245">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/aedeb3eed5c6f5aa5d4d7f9753a3791d.jpg</src>
        <authentication>b65fdb9cbc081002f26a2f647d6426b6</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="340172">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="340173">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="340176">
                    <text>227</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="340177">
                    <text>160</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Document</name>
      <description>A resource containing textual data.  Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340163">
                <text>Urban development in Europe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340164">
                <text>, politique urbaine, développement urbain, gouvernance, Europe, Union européenne, European Union, Belgium, Belgique, Cyprus, Chypre, Denmark, Danemark, France, Germany, Allemagne, Hungary, Hongrie, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Pays-Bas, Poland, Pologne, Portugal, Romania, Roumanie, Spain, Espagne, Sweden, Suède, United Kingdom, Royaume-Uni </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340165">
                <text>European Urban Knowledge Network (EUKN) </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340166">
                <text>June 2010 </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340167">
                <text>EUKN  </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340168">
                <text>http://www.eukn.org/E_library/Urban_Policy/New_EUKN_publication_Urban_Development_in_Europe</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340169">
                <text>128</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340170">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Cities play a crucial role in creating a sustainable, social and innovative Europe. Nowadays, cities have to face many challenges, especially since the arrival of the economic recession. For this reason, it is important to involve all actors and governmental layers and to exchange good practices, proven policies, skills and experiences. In other words, an integrated approach from local to European level. This key publication provides an overview of urban policy in 15 EU Member States.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Each European country has its own background and national approach towards Urban Policy. How do they cope with current urban challenges and what are the impacts of national and European policy on cities? All the answers to these questions and many more are described in this year&amp;rsquo;s EUKN key publication. This survey has been conducted by the 15 EUKN National Focal Points and the EUKN Secretariat. In addition, the publication includes an interview with European Commissioner for Regional Policy, Mr. Johannes Hahn, Mr. Jan Olbrycht -Member of European Parliament and Chairman of the Urban Integroup- and Ms. Maria Rosario Alonso Ib&amp;aacute;&amp;#328;ez, the Director-General of Land and Urban Policies. All three share their views on a more inclusive and integrated urban Europe.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="340171">
                <text>Autre</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1005">
        <name>Allemagne</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1288">
        <name>Belgique</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2439">
        <name>Belgium</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2441">
        <name>Chypre</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2440">
        <name>Cyprus</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2443">
        <name>Danemark</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2442">
        <name>Denmark</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="40">
        <name>développement urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="531">
        <name>Espagne</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="326">
        <name>Europe</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2329">
        <name>European Union</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="325">
        <name>France</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1673">
        <name>Germany</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="107">
        <name>gouvernance</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2445">
        <name>Hongrie</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2444">
        <name>Hungary</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="443">
        <name>Luxembourg</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2306">
        <name>Netherlands</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1915">
        <name>Pays-Bas</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2446">
        <name>Poland</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="12">
        <name>politique urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2447">
        <name>Pologne</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2041">
        <name>Portugal</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2448">
        <name>Romania</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="541">
        <name>Roumanie</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="376">
        <name>Royaume-Uni</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2040">
        <name>Spain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2450">
        <name>Suède</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2449">
        <name>Sweden</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2330">
        <name>Union européenne</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2451">
        <name>United Kingdom</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="23921" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2024">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/ff79dba35db07feaf77b9a1c8f431764.jpg</src>
        <authentication>15b25268c1632ec98111f0639e56cbba</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="397396">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="397397">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="397400">
                    <text>225</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="397401">
                    <text>160</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="7">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644235">
                  <text>Textes</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644237">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="14">
      <name>Livre</name>
      <description>Type de contenu : livres</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="397388">
                <text>Urban diversity : Space, culture, and inclusive pluralism in cities worldwide</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="397389">
                <text>, croissance urbaine, mondialisation, immigration, intégration, exclusion, mixité sociale, espace urbain, Wanjiku Kihato Caroline</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="397390">
                <text>NC</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="397391">
                <text>
September 2010

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="397392">
                <text>
Woodrow Wilson Center Press
Johns Hopkins University Press

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="397393">
                <text>
400</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="397394">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
As the world's urban populations grow, cities become spaces where increasingly diverse peoples negotiate such differences as language, citizenship, ethnicity and race, class and wealth, and gender. Using a comparative framework, Urban Diversity examines the multiple meanings of inclusion and exclusion in fast&amp;mdash;changing urban contexts. The contributors identify specific areas of contestation, including public spaces and facilities, governmental structures, civil society institutions, cultural organizations, and cyberspace.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The contributors also explore the socioeconomic and cultural mechanisms that can encourage inclusive pluralism in the world's cities, seeking approaches that view diversity as an asset rather than a threat. Exploring old and new public spaces, practices of marginalized urban dwellers, and actions of the state, the contributors to Urban Diversity assess the formation and reformation of processes of inclusion, whether through deliberate actions intended to rejuvenate democratic political institutions or the spontaneous reactions of city residents.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Caroline Wanjiku Kihato&lt;/b&gt; is a senior research fellow at the School of Architecture and Planning at the University of the Witwatersrand.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="397395">
                <text>Ouvrage</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="123">
        <name>croissance urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="72">
        <name>espace urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="514">
        <name>exclusion</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="124">
        <name>immigration</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="687">
        <name>intégration</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="121">
        <name>mixité sociale</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="41">
        <name>mondialisation</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3974">
        <name>Wanjiku Kihato Caroline</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="25210" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="2965">
        <src>https://crevilles.org/files/original/2f538450b8879a0bdbb9926718fec708.jpg</src>
        <authentication>27f68cf94ca438e2f72a0fe16851ea85</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="5">
            <name>Omeka Image File</name>
            <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="74">
                <name>Bit Depth</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="412892">
                    <text>8</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="75">
                <name>Channels</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="412893">
                    <text>3</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="73">
                <name>Height</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="412896">
                    <text>96</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
              <element elementId="72">
                <name>Width</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="412897">
                    <text>130</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="10">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644241">
                  <text>Multimédia</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644243">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="3">
      <name>Moving Image</name>
      <description>A series of visual representations that, when shown in succession, impart an impression of motion.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="412885">
                <text>Urban Dynamics</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="412886">
                <text>, cosmopolitisme, croissance urbaine, culture urbaine, densité urbaine, développement urbain, environnement urbain, espace public, mégapole, mobilité, mondialisation, société urbaine</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="412887">
                <text>
2005

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="412888">
                <text>
16 minutes</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="412889">
                <text>
Phillip Ennemoser</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="412890">
                <text>


Auteur
Phillip Ennemoser

Type
Vid&amp;eacute;o

Date
2005

Dur&amp;eacute;e
16 minutes

Diffuseur
Internet Archive


Pr&amp;eacute;sentation :
&amp;nbsp;
Urban Dynamics est un projet vid&amp;eacute;o international qui tente d'appr&amp;eacute;hender les d</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="412891">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Urban Dynamics est un projet vid&amp;eacute;o international qui tente d'appr&amp;eacute;hender les dynamiques urbaines par le biais d'un collage d'environnements urbains du monde entier en assemblant des extraits de vid&amp;eacute;os faits par leurs habitants avec une simple cam&amp;eacute;ra miniDV.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Ainsi, sur une p&amp;eacute;riode d'un an, 26 personnes de 17 pays diff&amp;eacute;rents se sont jointes au projet en apportant leurs propres images vid&amp;eacute;os ou enregistrements sonores.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align="center"&gt;Ce film est libre de droits et t&amp;eacute;l&amp;eacute;chargeable en diff&amp;eacute;rentes r&amp;eacute;solutions sur le site de &lt;a href="http://www.archive.org/details/urban_dynamics_video" target="_blank"&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="474">
        <name>cosmopolitisme</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="123">
        <name>croissance urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="129">
        <name>culture urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="358">
        <name>densité urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="40">
        <name>développement urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="400">
        <name>environnement urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="115">
        <name>espace public</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="102">
        <name>mégapole</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="99">
        <name>mobilité</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="41">
        <name>mondialisation</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="417">
        <name>société urbaine</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="32214" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="43">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644254">
                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="513875">
                <text>Shanghai</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="513876">
                <text>China</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="513877">
                <text>Calberac, Yann</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="513878">
                <text>2009-05-20</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="513879">
                <text>Dealing with both urban dynamics and urban sustainability can appear as a paradox insofar as these terms seem radically opposed. But, obviously, thanks to the dynamics they created and from which they gained advantage, cities have been sustainable since they first appeared. This paper will demonstrate that it is no use trying to oppose dynamics and sustainability inasmuch as sustainability appears as the contemporary form of dynamics. Taking this major evolution in urban history into consideration will first enlighten the present context which promotes such innovations, then define the new kind of cities that are about to be produce. Last, it will focus on an epistemological reflection upon the social sciences and their ability to provide tools to analyse and explain what currently occurs in cities.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="513880">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00387239</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="513881">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/38/72/39/PDF/calberac_shanghai.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="513882">
                <text>ENG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="513883">
                <text>Center for the Study of Urban Dynamics, Kick Off Conference: “Urban Dynamics vs Urban Sustainability”</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="513884">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="513885">
                <text>[SDE:ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="513886">
                <text>[SHS:ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="513887">
                <text>sustainable cities</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="513888">
                <text>sustainable development</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="513889">
                <text>Urban Dynamics and Urban Sustainability: an Impossible Marriage or a Marriage of Convenience?</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="513890">
                <text>conference, seminar, workshop communication</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24948" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="10">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644241">
                  <text>Multimédia</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644243">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="5">
      <name>Sound</name>
      <description>A resource whose content is primarily intended to be rendered as audio.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="410776">
                <text>Urban encounters : Rethinking landscape</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="410777">
                <text>, photographie, représentations, espace urbain, paysage urbain, migration urbaine, mixité sociale, identité, urbanité</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="410778">
                <text>
23 May 2009

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="410779">
                <text>
Multiple authors</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="410780">
                <text>http://www.urbanencounters.org/?page_id=87</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="410781">
                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Organisers' description : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Urban Encounters: Routes and Transitions explores the dialogue and practice of visual urbanism to bring together international researchers, academics, photographers and artists concerned with the transitional nature of contemporary urban space. This third annual conference addresses how photographic practices and archives intersect with an understanding of local and global routes as &amp;lsquo;places&amp;rsquo;, considering the temporality of place and the cross-cultural juxtaposition of locales.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Panels : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Keynote speaker : Mark&amp;eacute;ta Luska&amp;#269;ov&amp;aacute;&lt;/div&gt;
Panel 1 - Mapping Landscapes&lt;/div&gt;
Discussant : Paul Goodwin&lt;/div&gt;
Paul Halliday - Geographies of Nowhere&lt;/div&gt;
Susan Trangmar - A play in time&lt;/div&gt;
Caroline Knowles - Urban landscapes of migration&lt;/div&gt;
Panel 2 - Human landscapes&lt;/div&gt;
Discussant : Peter Coles&lt;/div&gt;
Davide Deriu - Picturing a city's soul : Photographs and memories in Orhan Pamuk's Istanbul&lt;/div&gt;
Susan Schwartzenberg - Space, place and existence&lt;/div&gt;
Gabrielle Bendiner-Viani - Guided tours : The layered dynamics of self, place and image in two American neighbourhoods&lt;/div&gt;
Panel 3 - Changing landscapes&lt;/div&gt;
Discussant : Alison Rooke&lt;/div&gt;
Janet Delaney - Form follows finance : The south of market project&lt;/div&gt;
Tiffany Fairey - New Londoners : Separated young refugees frame their views on London&lt;/div&gt;
Les Back - London's finished? Developing an inventory of multicultural life&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="410782">
                <text>

</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="72">
        <name>espace urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="387">
        <name>identité</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="573">
        <name>migration urbaine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="121">
        <name>mixité sociale</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="117">
        <name>paysage urbain</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="24">
        <name>photographie</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="134">
        <name>représentations</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="410">
        <name>urbanité</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="11877" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="29">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644239">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194106">
                <text>Jewitt, Sarah. Supervisor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194107">
                <text>O'Hara, Sarah. Supervisor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194108">
                <text>Baabereyir, Anthony</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194109">
                <text>2009</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194110">
                <text>Unsustainable urbanization in Ghana has resulted in poor environmental conditions in urban settlements in the country. Solid waste disposal, in particular, has become a daunting task for the municipal authorities who seem to lack the capacity to tackle the mounting waste situation. This study investigates the nature of the solid waste problem in two Ghanaian cities, Accra and Sekondi-Takoradi. It describes the waste situation in the study areas and identifies the causes of the problem from the perspective of key stakeholders in the waste sector. The delivery of solid waste collection services across different socio-economic groups of the urban population and the siting of waste disposal facilities are also examined in relation to the concepts of social justice and environmental justice respectively. For the empirical investigation, a mixed methodology was used which combined questionnaire and interview data from stakeholders in the waste sector, together with documentary and observational data, to examine the issue of solid waste disposal in the two study sites. The key issues identified by the study include: that Ghanaian cities are experiencing worsening solid waste situations but the municipal governments lack the capacities in terms of financial, logistical and human resources to cope with the situation; that while several causes of the urban waste crisis can be identified, the lack of political commitment to urban environmental management is the root cause of the worsening solid waste situation in Ghanaian cities; and that social and environmental injustices are being perpetuated against the poor in the delivery of waste collection services and the siting of waste disposal facilities in Ghanaian cities. Based on these findings, it has been argued that the solution to the worsening environmental conditions in Ghanaian cities lies in the prioritization of urban environmental management and commitment of Ghana’s political leadership to urban settlement development and management. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194111">
                <text>http://etheses.nottingham.ac.uk/847/</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194112">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/878</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194113">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/1829f94f0e16584ad871f1e318199266.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194114">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194115">
                <text>University of Nottingham</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194116">
                <text>waste, waste management, urban environment</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194117">
                <text>Urban environmental problems in Ghana : a case study of social and environmental injustice in solid waste management in Accra and Sekondi-Takoradi</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194118">
                <text>Thesis</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="29954" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="43">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644254">
                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="473760">
                <text>France</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="473761">
                <text>MONTEL, Marie Claude</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="473762">
                <text>Brenac, Thierry</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="473763">
                <text>Granie, Marie-Axelle</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="473764">
                <text>Millot, Marine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="473765">
                <text>Coquelet, Cécile</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="473766">
                <text>2013-01-01</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="473767">
                <text>L'objectif de la communication est d'identifier les différenciations faites par les piétons dans leur décision de traversée dans différents environnements urbains et d'identifier les indices prélevés dans l'environnement, utilisés par les piétons pour construire des inférences.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="473768">
                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00841335</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="473769">
                <text>CADIC_IFSTTAR: DOC00013604</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="473770">
                <text>http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/84/13/35/PDF/doc00013604.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="473771">
                <text>ENG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="473772">
                <text>Transportation Research Board 92nd Annual Meeting</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="473773">
                <text>Transportation Research Board 92nd Annual Meeting</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="473774">
                <text>[SHS:PSY] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="473775">
                <text>PIETON</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="473776">
                <text>PROCESSUS DE DECISION</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="473777">
                <text>ENVIRONNEMENT</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="473778">
                <text>Urban environments, pedestrian-friendliness and crossing decisions</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="473779">
                <text>conference proceeding</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="11955" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="29">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644238">
                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644239">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644240">
                  <text>Crévilles</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195052">
                <text>Herrle, Peter. Adviser</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="195053">
                <text>Golte, Jürgen. Adviser</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195054">
                <text>Imilan Ojeda, Walter Alejandro</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195055">
                <text>2009</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195056">
                <text>The urban phenomenon is changing. The social and political transformations of recent decades have created new forms and models of inhabiting in the city. In Latin America, phenomena of globalization and the implementation of liberal policies have, on the one hand, expanded flows of information and communication and, on the other hand, affected forms of social cohesion which were developed from the modern urbanization process of the mid-20th Century. This new context has transformed the ways in which the people build identity and a sense of belonging inside the urban society.&#13;
&#13;
Since the 1990s ethnicity has become an important source of identity construction for a growing percentage of city dwellers in Latin America. The ethnic roots of its inhabitants are turned into resources for social cohesion and recognition as social actors. The purpose of this study is to explore the process of formation of an urban ethnicity in Santiago de Chile. The Mapuches are the largest ethnic group in Chile and about half of their total population resides in the city of Santiago. However, despite being the largest ethnic group in Santiago, the Mapuche do not have a visible presence in the city. The emergence over the last decade of the political and social category of urban Mapuche and Mapuche-warriache describes the growing importance of ethnicity as a source of identity in Santiago.&#13;
&#13;
Ethnicity is related to the notion of collective identities. In this sense, it is a process whereby a group of people are collectively different from “others,” ethnicity is a broad concept which describes a process of differentiation. The objective of this research is to investigate the strategies through which Mapuche society in Santiago establishes differences, both in relation to the remaining urban society, and to "traditional" Mapuche society. Accordingly, this work aims to identify processes through which an urban ethnic identity is constructed. The working hypothesis is that the Mapuche currently in the city - first and second generation migrants - build hybrid forms with the remaining urban society more than they reproduce or reterritorialize their society of origin. The Mapuches in the city are not trapped between their societies of origin and the host urban society, but are, in turn, building strategies in which ethnic identity is part of a system of identities in which they participate.&#13;
&#13;
The work has two parts. The first part presents two critical reviews: a chapter on the method of ethnographic research and its application to urban space, and another chapter which focuses on the history of modern Mapuche society. The second part is experimental and composed of three case studies. Each experimental case is presented and analyzed through ethnographic methodology.&#13;
&#13;
This work explores the urban ethnicity as a contemporary form of building identity and sense of belonging. Currently, in Latin America an essentialist perspective prevails to deal the indigenous identities. This paper argues that the Mapuches in the city are not trapped between their societies of origin and the host urban society, but are, in turn, building strategies in which ethnic identity is part of a system of identities in which they participate. These strategies are a very dynamic form of communication and differentiation.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195057">
                <text>http://opus.kobv.de/tuberlin/volltexte/2009/2269/</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="195058">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/1111</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="195059">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/ec3238e7b7c71d822d27b1e059a273c1.jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195060">
                <text>en</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195061">
                <text>Technische Universität Berlin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195062">
                <text>urban space, migration, urban ethnicity, urban identity, Santiago de Chile</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195063">
                <text>Urban ethnicity in Santiago de Chile. Mapuche migration and urban space</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="195064">
                <text>Dissertation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
