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                <text>Cet article constitue l'introduction du dossier sur les services urbains en réseau dans les pays arabes. Il propose d'abord une mise en perspective de leur situation par rapport aux autres pays en développement. Il apparaît que les PPP, figures majeures de ces réformes, ont relativement moins concerné les pays arabes. Les tensions géopolitiques régionales et la crainte de troubles en cas de remise en cause du contrat social entre les régimes et les populations apparaissent comme des facteurs de frein à ce type de réforme. Mais en complément des PPP, les réformes territoriales sont aussi un vecteur de transformation de la gestion des services urbains. Mais les exemples de décentralisation s'accompagnent de déconcentration et de reconcentration. Les arrangements avec les opérateurs informels ou petits opérateurs marchands, vus parfois comme une solution possible, ne débouchent pas, dans le monde arabe, sur une institutionnalisation. L'ensemble de ces transformations, souvent sur un mode expérimental, aboutit à une imbrication de situations territoriales souvent très différenciés, résultat inattendu de ces réformes.</text>
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                <text>Les services urbains en réseau dans les pays arabes : diversité des réformes libérales et de leurs effets territoriaux</text>
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                <text>Abu Dhabi</text>
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                <text>La question du patrimoine se pose dans différents projets de reconstruction au Liban, dans un contexte de réaffirmation du rôle de l'Etat dans l'urbanisme mais aussi de la participation de multiples acteurs aux politiques urbaines. Troix exemples sont examinés: le projet de reconstruction du centre-ville de Beyrouth, les projets de préservation du péricentre de Beyrouth et la reconstruction de la petite ville de Bint Jbeil.&lt;br /&gt;L'article souligne le faible poids de l'Etat dans la définition des politiques du patrimoine, montre que la notion est instrumentalisée par divers acteurs de la scène de l'aménagement tels qu'une firme privée ou des partis politiques. La mobilisation patrimoniale est largement le fait d'initiatives civiques et académiques qui peinent à imposer leurs vues.</text>
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                <text>Espaces urbains à l'aube du XXIe siècle. Patrimoine et héritages culturels</text>
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                <text>Colloque international « Les héritages culturels dans l'architecture et l'urbanisme au XXIe siècle »</text>
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                <text>Reconstructions et politiques du patrimoine urbain au Liban</text>
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                <text>Les réformes du secteur électrique en Jordanie et au Liban s'inspirent d'une logique libérale. Les bailleurs attendent de leurs mises en œuvre des mutations significatives de l'action publique, une performance améliorée et une amélioration des finances. Dans cet article, nous soulignons les enjeux et sociaux de ces réformes, avant d'étudier successivement les réformes en Jordanie puis au Liban. En Jordanie, une profonde réforme institutionnelle a abouti, à l'issue de laquelle des firmes privées sous contrôle étranger (majoritairement émirien) occupent un rôle central. Mais nous montrons que le régime hachémite maintient un contrôle étroit sur le secteur. Au Liban, les blocages politiques entrave les projets de réforme, très proches dans leur inspiration du modèle jordanien. Dans les deux cas, les rapports sociaux structurants du secteur électrique apparaissent néanmoins largement inchangés.</text>
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                <text>TANMIA. Le « développement » : fabrique de l'action publique dans le monde arabe ? 4ème rencontre du programme de recherche financé par l'Agence nationale de la recherche, Paris</text>
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                <text>Les réformes du secteur électrique en Jordanie et au Liban : vers de nouvelles régulations ?</text>
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                <text>The paper intends to concentrate on the recent transformations in the electricity sector at the national and the local level to examine the degree of involvement of local or city authorities and actors in the regulation of the electricity sector where State agencies and, in the Jordanian case, new coming national or multinational corporate investors remain the dominant stakeholders. The purpose is to acknowledge the specific factor of their situation and their combination with more general trends.</text>
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                <text>Cities and energy transitions: past, present, future</text>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>energy transition</text>
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                <text>Jordan</text>
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                <text>Energy transition in Jordanian and Lebanese Cities : the case of electricity</text>
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                <text>Verdeil, Eric</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="512881">
                <text>Le secteur de l'électricité, enjeu majeur de la construction nationale après l'Indépendance, connaît depuis la guerre civile libanaise une longue crise. Les mutations sociales (croissance urbaine, pauvreté) ont remis en cause le fonctionnement efficace de la production et de la distribution électrique, toujours marquées par le rationnement et une gestion calamiteuse, synonyme d'un endettement croissant. De profondes inégalités spatiales en matière d'alimentation et de régulation marquent le système de l'électricité. Elles révèlent une gestion locale différenciée, notamment dans les pratiques de fraude, de non paiement. Les programmes de répression de ces pratiques sont très diversement appliqués, ce qui met en évidence le poids des acteurs implantés localement dans les décisions gestionnaires et le freinage des réformes.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00364629</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="512883">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/36/46/29/PDF/RTM-Verdeil-long.pdf</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="512884">
                <text>FRE</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="512885">
                <text>Revue Tiers Monde</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Services urbains</text>
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                <text>réforme des services publics</text>
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                <text>libéralisation</text>
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                <text>électricité</text>
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                <text>territorialisation</text>
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                <text>guerre</text>
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                <text>reconstruction</text>
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                <text>Liban</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Electricité et territoires : un regard sur la crise libanaise</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>Oxford</text>
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                <text>United Kingdom</text>
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                <text>Verdeil, Eric</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="516929">
                <text>2008-06-13</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>After the 2006 summer war and the 2007 assault of Nahr el Bared, the issue of energy and water supply is once again one of the main issues the Lebanese have to cope with. It is a consequence of the damages inflected by both conflicts (mostly during the 2006 war) as well as a result of the State paralysis, which is hindering the necessary reforms. But the recovery of the energy and water delivery, deeply affected by the civil war (1975-1990), had never been fully achieved during the reconstruction process. Strangely, while the crisis of these infrastructures has been recognized as one of the dimensions of the civil war urban crisis (Awada 1988, Davie 1991), urban scholarship has mostly overlooked the public service supply issue during the 1990's. &lt;br /&gt;In this paper we would like to address it and, specifically, to understand how the water and electricity supply is linked to the process of territorial fragmentation in post civil war Lebanon. Since the end 1990's, several attempts at reforming both sectors have been launched. They seem to be part of a wider global trend of neoliberal reforms affecting urban utilities. Since the social and territorial impacts of such reforms are usually strong, we will also try to assess their effects in the Lebanese cities. Lastly, we have to examine how the recent cycle of violence and of political unrest has heightened the problems, which is one of the currently most disputed political issues.</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="516931">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00371519</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="516932">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/37/15/19/PDF/OxfordVerdeil-remixed.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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              <elementText elementTextId="516933">
                <text>ENG</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="516934">
                <text>The Politics and Planning of Destruction and Reconstruction in Lebanon</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="516935">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="516936">
                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="516937">
                <text>infrastructures</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="516938">
                <text>civil war</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="516939">
                <text>neoliberal reforms</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="516940">
                <text>spatial fragmentation</text>
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                <text>public service</text>
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                <text>Lebanon</text>
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                <text>Beirut</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="516944">
                <text>Tripoli</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="516945">
                <text>Water and electricity networks between stress and reform: from post-civil war reconstruction to the new Lebanese wars</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="520984">
                <text>Verdeil, Eric</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="520985">
                <text>2008</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="520986">
                <text>The transformations of planning in post-civil war Lebanon illustrate the case of an uncertain professionalisation process, between the opposed forces of academic affirmation, of an emergent professional field and of the reality of a job market where planning hardly finds its space. Historically, planning has been an essential tool for national building, without ever relying on academically trained professionals. The establishment of new curricula in the nineties owes more to academic logic than to the market demand. The current market for planning is a secondary segment of the broader market of studies and consultation in architecture and engineering and it reproduces many of its features. It suffers from the effects of the restriction of the State's role and of shrinkage of its commands and reflects the greater role of private actors.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00261163</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="520988">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/26/11/63/PDF/Verdeil_final.pdf</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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              <elementText elementTextId="520989">
                <text>ENG</text>
              </elementText>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="520990">
                <text>Savoir Travail Société / Knowledge Work Society</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="520991">
                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
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                <text>Urban planners - professionalisation - globalisation - academic curricula - Lebanon</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="520994">
                <text>State development policy and specialised engineers. The case of urban planners in post-war Lebanon</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>Paris</text>
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                <text>Verdeil, Eric</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522404">
                <text>2006</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522405">
                <text>L'évolution des marchés de l'urbanisme est marqué par la commande publique des Etats indépendants en construction nationale, puis par la libéralisation. Les lieux d'exercice sont d'abord essentiellement les administrations, mais l'exercice privé se développe d'une manière originale, notamment entre pays arabes.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00094054</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522407">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/09/40/54/PDF/Verdeil_Marches_profilsprof_urbanistesSudMed.pdf</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522408">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="522409">
                <text>Concevoir et gérer les villes. Milieux d'urbanistes du sud de la Méditerranée</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522410">
                <text>Concevoir et gérer les villes. Milieux d'urbanistes du sud de la Méditerranée</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522411">
                <text>Concevoir et gérer les villes. Milieux d'urbanistes du sud de la Méditerranée</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="522412">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="522413">
                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>Liban, une guerre de 33 jours</text>
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                <text>L'électricité constitue un enjeu géopolitique moins connu que l'eau et le pétrole. Pourtant, la croissance des besoins tirés par la démographie, l'économie et les mutations des modes de vie, attise la tension sur cette ressource. L'électricité est un révélateur saisissant des crises politiques internes au Liban, dans les Territoires palestiniens et en Irak, en termes d'inégalités régionales et d'affirmation de pouvoirs infra-étatiques. L'électricité représente aussi un enjeu dans le conflit régional, analysé dans les relations entre le Liban et la Syrie, le Liban et Israël et le blocus actuel de Gaza.</text>
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                <text>Les enjeux territoriaux de la distribution d'électricité dans les villes libanaises</text>
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                <text>De nouveaux foyers d'expertise apparaissant au sud. Ces expertises sont complexes. Elles imposent de se défaire des schémas simplistes "émission"/"réception" et impliquent de comprendre les étapes de circulation, et de critiquer la notion de modèle.</text>
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                <text>Géocarrefour-Revue de géographie de Lyon</text>
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                <text>Expertises nomades au Sud. Eclairages sur la circulation des modèles urbains.</text>
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                <text>L'article discute la notion de refondation urbaine proposée par P. Haeringer, à propos de la reconstruction de Beyoruth dans les années quatre-vingt-dix. Il analyse d'abord les transformations dues à la guerre (1975-90), les programmes "étatiques" (certains sont privés) de la reconstruction, la paupérisation et la transformation des conditions d'habitat et l'émergence de la ville privée à Beyrouth.</text>
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                <text>La mégapolisation au Moyen-Orient. Journée d'étude du 28 juin 2001</text>
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                <text>La mégapolisation au Moyen-Orient. Journée d'étude du 28 juin 2001</text>
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                <text>La mégapolisation au Moyen-Orient. Journée d'étude du 28 juin 2001</text>
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                <text>refondation</text>
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                <text>reconstruction</text>
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                <text>guerre</text>
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                <text>urbanisme</text>
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                <text>gated communities</text>
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                <text>pauvreté urbaine</text>
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                <text>Recompositions beyrouthines entre guerre et reconstruction</text>
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                <text>conference, seminar, workshop communication</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Verdeil, Eric</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="537936">
                <text>Cette recherche se situe à la croisée de deux problématiques : l'étude des reconstructions après les guerres et l'histoire de l'urbanisme dans les pays arabes. Elle s'attache à saisir les transformations urbanistiques contemporaines à la lumière des bouleversements physiques, sociaux et politiques que le Liban a connu durant les années de guerre (1975-1990), tout en soulignant les éléments de continuité observables dans les politiques urbaines depuis l'avant-guerre. Dans cette perspective, le rôle des « urbanistes » ou des professionnels de l'urbain est central. La recherche défend l'hypothèse que loin de n'être que des rouages entre la commande et l'intervention urbaine, cette catégorie d'acteurs participe activement à l'élaboration des politiques suivies.&lt;br /&gt;La première partie décrit les chantiers de l'après-guerre au Liban : celui du centre-ville est exceptionnel par la place prise par le Premier ministre R. Hariri dans son élaboration et sa mise en œuvre, comme par le débat qu'il suscite et qui met en évidence d'autres conceptions de la reconstruction. Les autres chantiers de la période illustrent que les priorités du gouvernement ne suivent pas exactement les plans proposés par les urbanistes de la reconstruction.&lt;br /&gt;Le deuxième partie analyse la convergence autour des politiques d'aménagement spatial qui caractérisait le mandat du président Fouad Chehab. Ses conseillers étrangers introduisirent des normes d'action exigeantes qui forment le socle des références d'une génération d'urbanistes, exerçant sous forme libérale ou dans l'administration libanaise. Leur influence se fait sentir jusqu'à l'époque de la reconstruction.&lt;br /&gt;La troisième partie envisage la transformation de ces normes et des pratiques d'action urbanistiques à travers la guerre, où l'on observe une mutation de la commande politique, des bouleversements sociaux et une transformation des conditions d'exercice professionnel. Le centre-ville, la banlieue sud-ouest et les remblais du littoral nord constituent trois études de cas où se combinent différemment cultures professionnelles des urbanistes et nouvelles modalités des politiques urbaines à l'occasion du renouvellement du personnel politique, qu'illustrent les carrières croisées du. président A. Gemayel et du promoteur R. Hariri.</text>
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                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00003919</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="537938">
                <text>http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/03/03/73/PDF/these_entiere.pdf</text>
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                <text>Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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                <text>Liban</text>
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                <text>Beyrouth</text>
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                <text>Guerre civile</text>
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                <text>Urbanisme</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="537946">
                <text>Reconstruction</text>
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                <text>Aménagement du territoire</text>
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                <text>politiques urbaines</text>
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                <text>cultures professionnelles</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="537950">
                <text>Une ville et ses urbanistes : Beyrouth en reconstruction</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="537951">
                <text>PhD thesis</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="538010">
                <text>Lyon</text>
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                <text>Verdeil, Eric</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="538012">
                <text>2004</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="538013">
                <text>Compte-rendu de Jean-Luc Pinol (dir.), Histoire de l'Europe urbaine, t. I, De l'antiquité au XVIIIème siècle, genèse des villes européennes, Paris, Editions du Seuil, 2003, 965 p., par Patrick Boucheron, Xavier Lafon, Jean-Yves Marc, Denis Menjot, Maurice Sartre, Olivier Zeller, avec la collaboration de Marc Boone&lt;br /&gt;t. II. De l'ancien Régime à nos jours. Expansion et limites d'un modèle, 889 p., Guy Burgel, Odile Goerg, Xavier Huetz de Lemps, Jean Luc Pinol, François Walter</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="538014">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00003778</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="538015">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/02/84/94/PDF/CRPinol.pdf</text>
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                <text>Géocarrefour, ex-revue de Géographie de Lyon</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="538018">
                <text>Géocarrefour, ex-revue de Géographie de Lyon</text>
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                <text>Géocarrefour, ex-revue de Géographie de Lyon</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="538020">
                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="538021">
                <text>Histoire urbaine Geographie</text>
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                <text>Compte-rendu de Jean-Luc Pinol (dir.), Histoire de l'Europe urbaine</text>
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                <text>Beyrouth</text>
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                <text>Lebanon</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="538028">
                <text>A partir des années soixante, au moment de la mise en place d'outils juridiques pour la planification urbaine, l'agriculture péri-urbaine était prise en compte par les urbanistes, non sans ambiguïté puisqu'il s'agissait autant de préservation d'un capital productif que de la constitution de réserves foncières. Les mécanismes mis en place relevait davantage de la dissuasion à la construction que de l'interdiction, notamment en raison de l'absence de soutien politique à ces propositions. Cette préoccupation pour l'agriculture péri-urbaine n'a pas cessé d'être par la suite, mais son maintien sur le terrain devait moins aux mécanismes de protection qu'à des intérêts et des considérations (géo)politiques et identitaires.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="538029">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00003777</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="538030">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/02/84/93/PDF/Interface_Verdeil-final.pdf</text>
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                <text>Nasr Joe, Padilla Martine, dir., Interfaces : Agricultures et urbanisation à l'est et au sud de la Méditerranée,</text>
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                <text>Urbanisme Agriculture Liban</text>
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                <text>Verdeil, Eric</text>
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                <text>L'article étudie les prémisses de l'idée de protection et de valorisation du patrimoine urbain au Liban dans les années soixante dans les travaux des urbanistes et architectes de l'époque.</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Années soixante : le patrimoine n'est pas encore un article d'exportation à Beyrouth</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Strates</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Créée en 1986, Strates. Matériaux pour la recherche en sciences sociales est la revue du Laboratoire dynamiques sociales et recomposition des espaces (Ladyss). Regroupant géographes et sociologues, la revue est aussi ouverte à des chercheurs d’autres disciplines. Strates publie des matériaux, des réflexions sur des travaux en cours, des comparaisons avec des recherches étrangères, des débats, des éléments de méthodes, des travaux de doctorants, des jalons de recherche, des bibliographies commentées, des chronologies, cherchant ainsi à valoriser des moments importants du métier de chercheur non prisés dans l’espace habituel des publications.</text>
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              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Revues.org</text>
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                <text>http://strates.revues.org/452</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Liban</text>
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                <text>Ville</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Une ville et ses urbanistes : Beyrouth en reconstruction</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
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                <text>Catane</text>
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                <text>Italy</text>
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                <text>Verdier, Nicolas</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2011-06-01</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="494927">
                <text>La question qui sera abordée dans cette présentation est celle de la relation entre description officielle de la ville par des chiffres et usage du chiffre par les localités. L'étude s'intéressera aux communes d'une quinzaine de départements de la bordure méditerranéenne de la France lors des premiers recensements nationaux dont nous ayons gardédes traces à l'échelle de la France, soit les recensements de 1793, 1800 et 1806. Il s'agira non de tenter de lister des communes importantes dans ces recensements, chose en soit intéressante, mais plutôt de tenter de voir en quoi les communes jouent avec les chiffres de recensement pour tenter de se rapprocher d'un idéal de localité suffisamment peuplée pour être une " ville ". C'est donc aux anomalies des recensements, et aux évolutions des critères, que nous nous intéresserons ici pour tenter de comprendre qui manipule les chiffres et pourquoi. Le système d'Information Géographique (SIG) sera utilisé pour expérimenter les différents critères disponibles et essayer de valider quelques hypothèses dont celle qui fait de la distance à la grande ville l'un des critères majeurs de distorsion des réponses aux enquêtes statistiques. En d'autres mots, ce qui sera testé ici ce sont les modulations de l'adhésion à un modèle de représentation de la ville qui est celui de la quantité de population. La question trouve ici tout son intérêt dans le fait que la Révolution française dénonce d'anciennes définitions (privilège, ancienneté, muraille...) sans s'attacher à en produire de nouvelles.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00631341</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/63/13/41/PDF/Verdier_Ville_enjeux_recensement.pdf</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Il Mediterranneo delle città</text>
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                <text>Il Mediterraneo delle cità</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
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                <text>Ville</text>
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                <text>Urbanité et recensement de 1793 à 1851 dans les communes françaises de la façade méditerranéenne</text>
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                <text>Catania</text>
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                <text>2008-12</text>
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                <text>Dei tentativi di modellature relative alle città ed ai modi di comunicazione appare al secolo di XVIIIe mentre si appoggia sul concetto di gerarchia. Questo articolo tenta un paragone tra il processo di urbanizzazione e quello della crescita delle reti. I ritmi dei due fenomeni sono vicini, in Francia, al 18 secolo. Raro è le località molto popolato non essere integrato alla rete. Questi concentrano in un entrterra di Mediterraneo che sembra offrire un modello dell'urbanità diverso di quello che noi sappiamo.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00357347</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/35/73/47/PDF/Verdier_urbanizzazione.pdf</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="505640">
                <text>L'insediamento nella Sicilia d'età moderna e contemporanea</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="505641">
                <text>L'insendiamento nella Sicilia d'età moderna e contemporanea</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>[SHS:GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="505643">
                <text>[SHS:HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="505644">
                <text>urbanizzazione</text>
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                <text>rete</text>
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                <text>geostoria</text>
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                <text>Francia</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Gerarchie urbane e città in rete : l'urbanizzazione della francia tra il 1700 et il 1830</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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