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                <text>Woloszyn, Philippe</text>
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                <text>Through interacting with urban and architectural spaces, pedestrian pathway's ambient fingerprints delineate ambiences with identifiable characteristics, thus characterizing landscape perception potentialities. Based on a measure of the surrounding open spaces using isovists, our proposal consists in building a sensory Digital Terrain models (DTM) in which the entropy of the function of radial distances is used as a third dimension. As a case study, the distribution of entropy of the Place Royale square in Nantes (France), presented in a dedicated DTM, helps us characterizing the space " intimacy quality " for each observation point. This measure constitutes a relevant indicator of spatial wealth, revealing several perspectives occurrences for a given point of view during an urban walk. This way, this geotopical process establishes a spatial potential, so as to provide to a pedestrian the ability to reach specified townscapes to be contemplated. This sensorial investigation aims to constitute a tool basis for multi-sensorial planning and design process.</text>
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                <text>1e conférence intercontinentale en intelligence territoriale (IT-Gatineau 2011)</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>[INFO:INFO_MO] Computer Science/Modeling and Simulation</text>
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                <text>A landscape potential characterization: spatial template of pedestrian ambient fields within the urban fabric</text>
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                <text>The presented research work within AMBIOFLUX project aims to model the ambient soundscape system onto an urban pedestrian pathway using GIS spatial dynamical mapping. Pathway's acoustic fingerprints are discreetly built through informational evaluation of spatial interaction between sound ambience (soundscape) and urban walker spatial trajectory (soundwalk). To do this, relevant “impressing” soundsources, “soundmarks”, are defined through their psychophysical emergence dimensions, implying energetical and perceptual event entropy interdimensional scaling. In order to built the corresponding psychophysical model, geocomputation of physical emergence indice will be implemented, the LEPN (Effective Perceived Noise Level), together with the informational emergence indice E (maximal entropy index). Obtained soundwalk pathway integrated results using GearScape (a customization of OrbisGIS) spatial formalism will therefore be presented. Geospatial knowledge modelling and representation techniques will be used for this task, leading to a methodology for semantic integration of the urban ambient soundscape model. This methodology will then be implemented through a case study in Strasbourg, with soundwalks made across the city. This is a first step for integrating psychophysical informations into a powerful geocomputational basis for pedestrian acoustic exploration of the city, in order to feed structured actions plans relative to E U cities sound mapping.</text>
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                <text>Euronoise 2009</text>
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                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
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                <text>Urban Soundmarks Psychophysical Geodimensioning: Towards Ambient Pointers Geosystemic computation</text>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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                <text>Guldmann, Jean-Michel. Advisor</text>
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                <text>Woo, Myungje</text>
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                <text>Numerous communities have adopted some form of urban containment policies (UCPs), such as greenbelt, urban growth boundaries (UGBs), and urban service areas (USAs), as methods to prevent urban sprawl and protect open space. Although there is controversy over the negative and positive impacts of UCPs, little is known on their impacts on population and employment growth, and on the overall urban spatial structure. The purpose of this research is to (1) understand the system of UCPs, (2) empirically analyze their impacts on population and employment growth, and built-up areas in combination with housing values, and (3) examine their impacts on the location of industrial activities as well as population. Two approaches are considered to empirically analyze the impacts of UCPs on urban growth and urban spatial structure. In the first approach, a simultaneous equation model is used with, as endogenous variables, the changes in total population, total employment and sectoral employment, housing values, and land area at the municipal/city level. In the second approach, population and employment density gradients, estimated with both monocentric and polycentric models at the metropolitan level, are used to examine the impacts of different UCPs on urban spatial structure. The research finds that both the stringent containment policies (SCPs), including greenbelts and UGBs, and the less stringent containment policies (LSCP), including USAs, have significant impacts on changes in population, employment, housing values, and land areas. When both direct and indirect effects are taken into account, the SCPs have a positive effect on changes in population, employment, housing values, and land area twice larger than the LSCPs, suggesting that SCPs more successfully accommodate new growth within the growth boundaries, and that housing values increase with the tightness of UCPs. In terms of the urban spatial structure, statewide SCPs encourage metropolitan areas to move to a polycentric development pattern, locally-enforced SCPs support a monocentric pattern, and USAs produce sprawled development patterns.</text>
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                <text>http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1195263668</text>
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                <text>Ohio State University</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>urban containment policies, greenbelts, urban growth boundaries, urban service areas, population and employment growth, urban spatial structure</text>
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                <text>Impacts of urban containment policies on urban growth and structure</text>
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                <text>Grenoble</text>
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                <text>Wu, Duan</text>
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                <text>2011</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>L'objectif majeur de cette communication est d'explorer une méthode pour représenter l'ambiance d'une promenade architecturale sur le mode narratif. L'article suggère que la manière de se déplacer et de regarder contribue à l'ambiance de la promenade architecturale. L'approche narrative de l'ambiance de la promenade devrait relier la cognition humaine avec les facteurs d'espace et de temps. La recherche repose sur une vaste enquête cognitive et psychologique sur l'expérience narrative des gens dans l'espace. Cependant cette contribution sera principalement consacrée à la partie technique de la recherche. Elle examinera minutieusement le projet de Peter Zumthor pour les thermes de Vals comme une étude de cas pour examiner dans quelle mesure l'ambiance de la promenade architecturale peut être représentée sous une forme narrative, en intégrant la réalité virtuelle en 3 D (RT3D) et l'analyse de la " Space Syntax " dans une structure holistique. L'objectif est d'étudier dans quelle mesure la forme narrative sous-tendant l'ambiance de la promenade pourrait être simulée analytiquement par la méthode.</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00833987</text>
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                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/83/39/87/PDF/Ambiance2008_Wu.pdf</text>
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                <text>FRE</text>
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                <text>Creating an atmosphere|Faire une ambiance</text>
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                <text>1st International Congress on Ambiances, Grenoble 2008</text>
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                <text>[SHS:PHIL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>architecture</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>sensible</text>
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                <text>perception</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="476660">
                <text>Cartographier l'ambiance d'une promenade architecturale : simulation analytique sur le mode narratif des thermes de Vals</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Crévilles</text>
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    </collection>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194410">
                <text>Wu, Fulong</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194411">
                <text>1995</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194412">
                <text>Cities in the world are changing rapidly. In the Western societies, changes are driven by the transformation from Fordism to post-Fordism and postmodernism. In the East, changes are triggered by profound social and economic reforms. Changes in the urban spatial structure of Chinese cities are by no means less significant, yet are left largely unexplored. It is this central theme that this dissertation attempts to examine. Through reviewing theories and studies on urban spatial structures, this study upholds a theoretical perspective that urban spatial structure is a spatial manifestation of the underlying urban process. More specifically, there are tight interlinks among political economy of the city, organization methods of land development and urban landscape. It is found that the changing urban process in China in the midst of economic reforms is characterized by decentralization and localization. The dominance of sectoral departments is replacing by rising localism. The initiation of land reform is a major turning point for the changes in the urban process which have significant impacts on the urban spatial structure. A dual land use system has been set up. Project-specific type of land development has been substituted by comprehensive development and real estate development. It is deduced that urban sprawl, land use restructuring, and formation of suburban centres would be the main features of new urban development in Chinese cities. This study has verified the hypotheses with a detailed study of land use changes and the determinants of land use changes in Guangzhou. This study uses GIS to analyse land use information interpreted from aerial photographs of 1979, 1987, and 1992. Land use conversion matrices are generated. Detailed distributions of land use changes of major types of land uses are analysed. Probability trend surfaces are produced to reveal the changing probability of land developments at the intra-metropolitan scale. Logistic models have been calibrated to reflect the changing determinants of land use changes. It is found that there are obvious changes in the locational tendency of land developments. The distance to the city centre is an important determinant of land use changes. Urban redevelopment can be carried out in the high density areas in the city centre because high land value can afford to relocate the residents. Natural conditions of land are now less restrictive than before, while market considerations are becoming more critical to land development. The function of traditional physical planning is diminishing. It is concluded that the new urban spatial structure bears both sectoral and concentric features. Developments are shifting from the old sector of industrial areas to new sectors of residential areas. City centre redevelopment, growth of urban fringe, and formation of new subcentres are in concentric form. The study concludes that measures should be taken in order to ensure effective and fair development control in the new urban process resulted from economic reforms in China.</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194413">
                <text>http://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/31346</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194414">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/1005</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="194415">
                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/archive/files/f50bbb6db30a17f73e4f68d15f04612d.jpg</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194416">
                <text>en</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194417">
                <text>The University of Hong Kong</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="194418">
                <text>spatial analysis, urban form, urban space, city politics, economics, urban development, land use</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="194419">
                <text>Changes in the urban spatial structure of a Chinese city in the midst of economic reforms : A case study of Guangzhou</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644254">
                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="484315">
                <text>Montreal</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="484316">
                <text>Canada</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="484317">
                <text>Wunderlich, Filipa Matos</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="484318">
                <text>2012</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="484319">
                <text>Cities are patchworks of alive locations, temporal hubs of activity where society continuously negotiates itself with nature and the architectural artefact. Places are bundles of memories, movements, changes and repetitions. On the whole, rhythmic patchworks side-by-side design the temporal city. Urban rhythms, as with musical rhythms, offer places states of temporal harmony or dissonance. As in music, this paper will explore an urban place temporal narrative whilst focusing on its rhythmically complexity, on the whole defining place's temporal aesthetics and sensory identity.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="484320">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00745947</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="484321">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/74/59/47/PDF/ambiances2012_wunderlich.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="484322">
                <text>ENG</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="484323">
                <text>Ambiances in action. Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Ambiances / Ambiances en acte(s). Actes du 2nd Congrès International sur les Ambiances</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="484324">
                <text>Ambiances in action / Ambiances en acte(s) - International Congress on Ambiances, Montreal 2012</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="484325">
                <text>[SHS:ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="484326">
                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="484327">
                <text>place-temporality</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="484328">
                <text>place-rhythm</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="484329">
                <text>sense of time</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="484330">
                <text>performance</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="484331">
                <text>tonality</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="484332">
                <text>Place-temporality and rhythms at Fitzroy Square</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="484333">
                <text>conference proceeding</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
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  <item itemId="21850" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="32">
      <elementSetContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644247">
                  <text>Urbanisation et sociétés urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644248">
                  <text/>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644249">
                  <text>IRD</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="370654">
                <text>MADAGASCAR</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="370655">
                <text>ANTANANARIVO</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="370656">
                <text>Wurtz, Jacqueline</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1972</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="370658">
                <text>text/pdf</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="370659">
                <text>http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:05666</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="370660">
                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:05666</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="370661">
                <text>Wurtz Jacqueline. Influence de la ville de Tananarive sur les structures agraires de sa région. In :   La croissance urbaine en Afrique noire et à Madagascar. Paris : CNRS, 1972, p. 1079-1087. (Colloques Internationaux du CNRS ; 539). La Croissance Urbaine en Afrique Noire et à Madagascar : Colloque International du CNRS, 539., Talence (FR), 1970/09/29; 1970/10/02</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="370662">
                <text>FR</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="370663">
                <text>CNRS</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="370664">
                <text>COMMUNAUTE VILLAGEOISE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="370665">
                <text>RELATIONS VILLE CAMPAGNE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="370666">
                <text>STRUCTURE AGRAIRE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="370667">
                <text>PROPRIETE FONCIERE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="370668">
                <text>STRUCTURE SOCIALE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="370669">
                <text>ECONOMIE DE MARCHE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="370670">
                <text>HISTOIRE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="370671">
                <text>Influence de la ville de Tananarive sur les structures agraires de sa région</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="370672">
                <text>La croissance urbaine en Afrique noire et à Madagascar</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="370673">
                <text>text</text>
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      <elementSetContainer>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644253">
                  <text>Archives ouvertes des études urbaines</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Collection of HAL papers</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="644255">
                  <text>HAL</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="516409">
                <text>Wyvekens, Anne</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="516410">
                <text>2007</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="516411">
                <text>Qu'en est-il, aujourd'hui en France, de la production de sécurité dans l'espace public ? Dans des espaces dits publics mais largement investis par le privé, et malgré le développement de partenariats divers en matière de sécurité, le modèle français reste à première vue d'inspiration essentiellement étatique. Toutefois, des travaux de recherche réalisés à l'initiative de gestionnaires d'espaces publics préoccupés par la multiplication des incivilités font apparaître un changement de focale, dans le diagnostic et dans les réponses, qui n'est pas sans rappeler des travaux américains articulant l'urbain et le « sécuritaire ». La relecture des théories de l'espace défendable et de la vitre cassée, où la sécurisation de l'espace passe par son appropriation par les usagers, conduit à se demander – d'un point de vue plus prospectif – jusqu'à quel point, en France également, un « autre contrôle social », citoyen, serait susceptible d'émerger, venant interroger le rôle joué par la puissance publique.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="516412">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00332707</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="516413">
                <text>http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/33/27/07/PDF/Lien_social_et_politiques_57_AW_def.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="516414">
                <text>FRE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="516415">
                <text>Lien social et Politiques</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="516416">
                <text>[SHS:SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="516417">
                <text>Espace public – incivilités – prévention – sécurité – « broken windows » - espace défendable – contrôle social</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="516418">
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Un livre de fond, une réflexion actuelle, un instrument pour comprendre ce que nous ressentons tous.&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>RÉSUMÉ : Depuis plus de 20 ans, la Chine connaît un exode massif de main-d’oeuvre des campagnes vers les villes. Toutefois, depuis quelques années se profile parallèlement une tendance inverse puisque les mouvements migratoires de retour, des villes vers les campagnes, sont en augmentation. Cet article s’intéresse aux activités économiques de migrants qui sont retournés dans leur village d’origine et s’appuie sur les résultats d’une enquête menée dans le district de Wuwei en 2008. Nous présenterons les principales caractéristiques de ces migrants de retour, puis nous nous pencherons sur l’impact du retour sur leur trajectoire professionnelle, y compris leur capacité à s’installer à leur compte ou à créer leur propre entreprise. Tout au long de cet article, nous adopterons une approche comparative mettant en parallèle les migrants de retour et les non-migrants. </text>
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                <text>Cet article traite du retour de la propriété privée en Chine urbaine et de ses limites. Nous y étudions l’émergence de marchés fonciers urbains, la propriété foncière urbaine en ses rapports avec la complexité de la gouvernance urbaine, « les appartements à droits de propriété limités » qui forment un marché de l’immobilier de facto et dépassent le fossé rural-urbain, les « zones grises » liées au flou des frontières légales et administratives dans la Chine moderne, et, enfin, les récents changements dans le système de répartition des terres rurales et dans la distinction entre le rural et l’urbain. La conclusion soulève la question de la ville comme laboratoire dans un contexte où les distinctions légales et politiques entre l’urbain et le rural sont de plus en plus floues. </text>
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                <text>Cette thèse étudie l'urbanisation et la croissance des villes en Chine. Elle est composée de deux parties : la première partie est consacrée à une revue des modèles théoriques d'urbanisation et à une description de l'urbanisation de la Chine. Le problème de la mesure de la population urbaine, des changements institutionnels ainsi que des spécificités du processus d'urbanisation chinois sont étudiés. La deuxième partie relie la croissance économique urbaine aux économies d'agglomération, et étudie les caractéristiques de la croissance récente de la population des villes. Le concept théorique d'économie agglomération est clarifié avant de procéder à des tests empiriques sur une base de données d'environ 150 villes chinoises pendant la décennie 1990. En suite, nous examinons l'évolution de la distribution de la taille des villes par différents instruments d'analyse. Enfin, nous estimons les déterminants de la croissance urbaine durant la période 1990-2000.&lt;br /&gt;Notre étude suggère que la Chine a connu un retard de l'urbanisation dû aux stratégies d'industrialisation particulières (biais de l'industrie lourde avant les réformes et industrialisation rurale après les réformes) et au caractère incomplet des marchés des facteurs de production (le travail et la terre, entre autres) ; les villes ne sont pas assez grandes pour exploiter les économies d'agglomération. Avec l'approfondissement des réformes économiques, la Chine doit poursuivre cette transformation structurelle rurale/urbaine car le développement de l'économie urbaine va constituer l'un des moteurs de la croissance économique du pays. Les politiques destinées à promouvoir l'urbanisation doivent consister à améliorer les institutions sur les marchés des facteurs de production, et à relâcher les restrictions sur la taille des villes.</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; From the years 2004 to 2008, Beijing and Shanghai witnessed the construction of an extraordinary number of new buildings, many of which were designed by architectural firms overseas. Combining ethnographic fieldwork, historical research, and network analysis, Building Globalization closely scrutinizes the growing phenomenon of transnational architecture and its profound effect on the development of urban space.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Roaming from construction sites in Shanghai to architects&amp;rsquo; offices in Paris, Xuefei Ren interviews hundreds of architects, developers, politicians, residents, and activists to explore this issue. She finds that in the rapidly transforming cities of modern China, iconic designs from prestigious international architects help private developers to distinguish their projects, government officials to advance their careers, and the Chinese state to announce the arrival of modern China on the world stage. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; China leads the way in the globalization of architecture, a process whose ramifications can be felt from Beijing to Dubai to Basel. Connecting the dots between real estate speculation, megaproject construction, residential displacement, historical preservation, housing rights, and urban activism, Building Globalization reveals the contradictions and consequences of this new, global urban frontier.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Xuefei Ren &lt;/b&gt;is Assistant Professor of Sociology and Global Urban Studies at Michigan State University.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>Chauviré Yvan. La mortalité dans l'agglomération parisienne : les disparités géographiques et leur évolution de 1962 à 1975. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1984-3. La mortalité adulte dans les pays industrialisés. pp. 192-201.</text>
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&#13;
Yankel Fijalkow est professeiur de sciences sociales à l'École nationale supérieure d'architecture Paris Val-de-Seine et chercheur au Centre de recherches sur l’habitat (UMR LAVUE du CNRS). Il travaille sur l’histoire des sciences sociales de l’urbain, les politiques urbaines et du logement, la gentrification des quartiers populaires anciens. Il a aussi publié "Sociologie du logement" (Repères, 2011).</text>
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                <text>Les coopératives d'habitants - Méthodes, pratiques et formes d'un autre habitat populaire</text>
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                <text>coopérative d'habitants, habiter, habitants, habitat communautaire, habitat groupé, logement social, autoconstruction, Italie, Belgique, Angleterre, France, Québec, Argentine</text>
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                <text>Selon un rapport de l’ONU de 2010, ce sont 800 millions de personnes qui vivent dans un habitat « irrégulier », un « slum » (bidonville). Le phénomène de l’habitat irrégulier et illégal n’est d’ailleurs pas confiné aux seuls pays en développement ou émergents. Nos riches métropoles occidentales sont elles aussi confrontées à ces questions cruciales, auxquelles il convient d’ajouter la lancinante question des expulsions locatives, des saisies immobilières et de l’insécurité de la tenure foncière. Or, dans nos sociétés contemporaines de marché, le logement est pour l’essentiel devenu un objet de spéculation financière et de rente, un objet à « forte intensité capitaliste » (Jean louis Laville, 2006). La sphère immobilière s’est ainsi « désencastrée » (disembedded) (Karl Polanyi) de la cité qui en a perdu le contrôle. Participant à cette « insouciante activité du marché » (David Bollier, 2003) et à ses effets, une chaine immobilière marchande à étages multiples s’est mise en place : du repérage d’un foncier, en passant par la conception du projet immobilier, le choix requis des matériaux et des techniques de construction, l’octroi d’un prêt, l’établissement d’un prix de revient, de vente et la définition de marges financières ... Dans ce concert, chaque opérateur qui y a partie liée, entend dégager un surplus et satisfaire son intérêt immédiat. Et ce, au détriment de la fonction vitale et universelle d’un droit à habiter, prié de s’effacer derrière la somme des intérêts privés. Le résultat enregistré est paradoxal : le logement neuf produit par le marché immobilier dans la cité contemporaine est à la fois abondant, de grande qualité, tout en demeurant dans le même temps parfaitement inaccessible aux plus démunis, et donc rare, compte tenu de son coût.&#13;
&#13;
Tournant le dos aux schémas, réponses, pratiques et discours dominants sur le logement et l’habitat populaire, qui renvoient à tout coup à la « crise », à la « pénurie » et au « mal-vivre » urbain, des modes de faire alternatifs fournissent un contenu effectif au concept d’éco-habitat abordable : les « coopératives d’habitants » et « Community land Trusts », mobilisées comme outils de l’abondance, opèrent un travail « l’administration de la preuve » (Durkheim) qui invalide le discours ambiant sur la pénurie, tout en offrant des perspectives pour refonder la ville coopérative. Qu’elles relèvent du modèle coopératif latin (Italie, Argentine...) ou anglo-saxon (Royaume-Uni, USA..), ces organisations humaines de petite taille produisent et donnent à voir des pratiques effectives d’entraide commune et de coopération équitable (John Rawls) qui, dans une démarche de recyclage urbain (changement d’usage de bâtiments publics laissés vacants ou réutilisation de friches urbaines à l’abandon), de mobilisation démocratique et de création de richesses partagées (E. Ostrom.2007), replacent les habitants non banquables au coeur des dispositifs immobiliers et des métropoles urbaines (à Rome, Milan, Buenos Aires, Londres, Burlington…). Dans le même temps, les coopératives d’habitants revendiquent de nouvelles frontières du droit, s’adossent à des formes innovantes de mobilisation et de régulation publique locale et se confrontent aux exigences solidaristes qui fondent le développement durable (exigences à la fois horizontales, vis-à-vis de nos contemporains les plus démunis et verticales, d’une génération à la suivante). Ce faisant, les coopératives d’habitants apportent un démenti non négligeable aux logiques urbaines de « l’entre soi » et à leur caractère prétendument inéluctable.&#13;
&#13;
Cet ouvrage collectif dirigé par Yann Maury et conclu par Jean Louis Laville, a été réalisé avec le concours de membres de coopératives, de militants, de chercheurs, d’architectes, d’universitaires, d’élus issus des continents européen et américain, mobilisés en faveur de la défense d’un droit effectif au logement.</text>
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                <text>Yann Maury (Dir.)</text>
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                <text>http://fr.bruylant.larciergroup.com/titres/125635_0_0/les-cooperatives-d-habitants.html</text>
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