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                <text>Andræ, Gunilla. Supervisor</text>
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                <text>Trends towards ‘informalization’ are looming large in the world today. African cities have long been characterised by the presence of an ‘informal sector’ but are now experiencing new waves of ‘informalization’. Policies of liberalisation and structural adjustment are both changing the conditions under which urban dwellers make a living and encouraging states to abdicate from responsibilities for popular welfare. In this context, urbanites increasingly rely on informal ways of income earning and of social security provisioning.

This book is about processes of ‘informalization’ in the West African city of Bissau in Guinea-Bissau. It begins with a historical account of the way conditions of informality have evolved through the encounter of locally specific forms of informal relations with colonialism and the socialist era. This is followed by an analysis of how disadvantaged groups who rely on informal ways of provisioning are faring in the context of contemporary changes. The study looks at both the informal income-generating activities and the social networks that urbanites engage in to sustain their income activities and their consumption. It seeks to assess whether these groups are coping with these wider changes or are becoming marginalised from networks of assistance and from activities that provide sufficient incomes. The social relations pervading access to support and livelihood resources as well as the informal rules governing such access are in focus. Forms of regulation in the informal sphere are also discussed.</text>
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                <text>social network, economics, informal economy, developing country</text>
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                <text>Walking the tight rope : Informal livelihoods and social networks in a West African city</text>
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&#13;
La marche est esthétique, comme la conçoit André Breton pour la place Dauphine. Elle révèle des recoins oubliés, des beautés cachées, la poésie des lieux délaissés.&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
Careri s’évade de la ville-événement pour errer dans ce qu’il appelle la Zonzo (la zone, l’espace exclu, à l’abandon, à la marge, inexploré et pourtant vivant). En se laissant porter par la marche, on franchit des frontières invisibles, on recompose une ville nouvelle.&#13;
Ce livre passionnera, au-delà des architectes et des plasticiens, ces flâneurs et ces explorateurs qui font de la ville leur terrain de chasse privé.&#13;
&#13;
Traduit de l’italien par Jérôme Orsoni.&#13;
&#13;
Francesco Careri, né à Rome en 1966, est cofondateur de Stalker/Observatoire nomade et chercheur au département d’architecture de l’université de Rome III, où il dirige le cours d’arts civiques, un enseignement entièrement itinérant créé pour analyser et interagir avec les phénomènes émergents de la ville. Depuis 2012, il est directeur du LAC (Laboratorio Arti Civiche) et du MAAC (Master in Arti Architettura Città).</text>
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                <text>In the last few years, the city of Padua, Italy has had a place in the media spotlight thanks to its "walls", urban barriers of different kinds, dimensions and purposes, the foremost example of which is the so-called "Via Anelli Wall". This essay means to contribute to the investigation of the "Padua Walls" phenomenon. By trying to move a step further from current debates on negative and positive features of the proliferation of "walls" in Europe and the world, it argues that such barriers - and the politics behind them - should be read as symptoms more than as solutions (regardless of their actual effectiveness as such). I propose an interpretive key for the "Padua Walls" phenomenon that treats them as signals of a lingering malaise (of which Padua is a case study but by no means the only example) that stems from the current devolution of concepts such as solidarity, belonging, community. By doing so, I address both the concreteness and materiality of such barriers and of their construction, and the representation that media have produced, in parallel, of them as processes and concepts. Particular attention is paid, in the blend of case studies and discussions that constitutes this article, to the juxtaposition of symbolic value and practical efficacy of the "Padua Walls", and its implications in the formation of societal rites and policy-making choices.</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Walter Benjamin est un penseur essentiel de la technique comme d&amp;eacute;ploiement de la nature, c'est la raison pour laquelle il abordera la photographie, la radio et le cin&amp;eacute;ma sans complexes.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Mais on doit distinguer chez lui deux &amp;eacute;poques de la technique et de la transmission, suivant le crit&amp;egrave;re de l'&amp;eacute;v&amp;eacute;nementialit&amp;eacute; : soit les choses n'ont lieu qu'une fois, c'est l'&amp;eacute;poque du don, de l'artisanat et des narrations. Ce qui arrive a de l'aura. Soit tout est reproductible, on peut toujours tout recommencer, c'est l'&amp;eacute;poque de l'industrie, de la masse et du jeu ci&amp;eacute;matographique, seules les traces comptent.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Or, c'est grace &amp;agrave; la lecture de l'historien de l'architecture S. Gi&amp;eacute;dion, en 1929, qu'il va d&amp;eacute;couvrir l'architecture industrielle du XIXe si&amp;egrave;cle et ses prolongements modernes. Cette architecture apporte des solutions techniques nouvelles &amp;agrave; des probl&amp;egrave;mes classiques parce qu'elle inaugure un autre mode de la forme.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Jusqu'ici la forme avait &amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; pens&amp;eacute;e sous la d&amp;eacute;pendance de ce qui la nomme, le mod&amp;egrave;le &amp;eacute;tait th&amp;eacute;ologique. Dor&amp;eacute;navant, la forme technique (la forme plastique) r&amp;eacute;sout une difficult&amp;eacute; architectonique, mais en plus s'impose au monde de l'art et de la litt&amp;eacute;rature.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; En effet la forme plastique &amp;eacute;rige en principe le montage par &amp;eacute;l&amp;eacute;ments constructifs. Les &amp;eacute;l&amp;eacute;ments d'un hall d'exposition ou d'un pont m&amp;eacute;tallique sont imm&amp;eacute;diatement saisissables, exposables.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Transf&amp;eacute;rer au monde du texte, cela implique qu'il n'y a pas &amp;agrave; rechercher une v&amp;eacute;rit&amp;eacute; cach&amp;eacute;e. Il faut prendre les choses au pied de la lettre. Il en va de m&amp;ecirc;me pour la traduction.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Walter Benjamin a ainsi jet&amp;eacute; les bases d'une esth&amp;eacute;tique topologique.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Jean-Louis D&amp;eacute;otte&lt;/b&gt; est professeur des universit&amp;eacute;s &amp;agrave; Paris 8 Saint-Denis, membre du laboratoire GERPHAU (UMR LAVUE), responsable de th&amp;egrave;me de recherche &amp;agrave; la MSH Paris Nord et animateur de la revue en ligne Appareil soutenue par la MSH.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>After the 2006 summer war and the 2007 assault of Nahr el Bared, the issue of energy and water supply is once again one of the main issues the Lebanese have to cope with. It is a consequence of the damages inflected by both conflicts (mostly during the 2006 war) as well as a result of the State paralysis, which is hindering the necessary reforms. But the recovery of the energy and water delivery, deeply affected by the civil war (1975-1990), had never been fully achieved during the reconstruction process. Strangely, while the crisis of these infrastructures has been recognized as one of the dimensions of the civil war urban crisis (Awada 1988, Davie 1991), urban scholarship has mostly overlooked the public service supply issue during the 1990's. &lt;br /&gt;In this paper we would like to address it and, specifically, to understand how the water and electricity supply is linked to the process of territorial fragmentation in post civil war Lebanon. Since the end 1990's, several attempts at reforming both sectors have been launched. They seem to be part of a wider global trend of neoliberal reforms affecting urban utilities. Since the social and territorial impacts of such reforms are usually strong, we will also try to assess their effects in the Lebanese cities. Lastly, we have to examine how the recent cycle of violence and of political unrest has heightened the problems, which is one of the currently most disputed political issues.</text>
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                <text>The Politics and Planning of Destruction and Reconstruction in Lebanon</text>
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                <text>Water and electricity networks between stress and reform: from post-civil war reconstruction to the new Lebanese wars</text>
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                <text>This paper addresses water poverty in the peri-urban areas of Mumbai. The term "water poverty" refers to a variety of situations where people lack from sufficient water in terms of quality and quantity or from enough money to buy water from formal and informal providers. The aim of this paper is to identify "water poor peri-urban population" and examine their access to water and how they satisfy their needs. Peri-urban areas are undergoing rapid transformations in the form of economic development, urbanization, demographic changes, environmental hazards all of which are having implications on the demand and supply of water. The water policies are not able to adapt to these rapid transformations. Therefore, a growing population lacks from sufficient access to water, in terms of being supplied by a large distribution network, or by private operators using alternative means.</text>
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                <text>Conference "The multidimensions of urban poverty in India", IGIDR, Indira Ganghi Institute of Development Research, CSH, Centre de Sciences Humaines, Mumbai, 6-7 octobre 2006</text>
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                <text>demand of water</text>
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                <text>Water poverty in the peri-urban territories of Mumbai, India</text>
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                <text>This paper proposes common directions of waterfront redevelopment in Korea through a qualitative approach by interpreting the relation between waterfront area and the overall structure of the port city in Europe. It argues that the more a redevelopment project is integrated to the structure of the city, the more it becomes successful in terms of attractiveness for both citizens and businesses. The findings provide many implications for Busan waterfront redevelopment. The direction of waterfront redevelopment is believed to be induced from the internal and external forces that are coincidentally in juncture. Drastic changes in the regional environment have exerted impacts on specific port cities, resulting in specific trajectories in different regions of the world. In order to respond to those changes, new policies are implemented while city and port enhance their mutual cohesion and increase their overall competitiveness. Busan waterfront redevelopment should not copy other cases of waterfront redevelopment. Its waterfront redevelopment shall not neglect dynamics of port competition and its connection with the city's needs and structure.</text>
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                <text>Kater, Michael H. Advisor</text>
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                <text>Many Germans perceived the Weimar Republic of the 1920s as an "urban republic" dominated by the power and cultural preeminence of the large metropoles, particularly Berlin. German cities had new and important roles after the war, firstly as the biggest spenders in reconstruction efforts, and secondly as the administrators of new welfare and unemployment programmes. Yet at the same time, municipal finance was undermined by the Reich's new centralized tax structure, in which cities were last to receive distributed revenues. State bureaucrats, bankers, and the private sector exhibited strong hostility towards city governments, accusing them of corruption and nepotism, irresponsible borrowing, and improvident spending. In sum, it was just as Weimar's cities assumed considerable new responsibilities, administering social services that were central to the nature and success of the republican experiment, that they were denied the financial and political support necessary to carry out their new roles. This dissertation examines the Deutsche Staidtetag (German Congress of Cities) as a focal point for the larger issues associated with city power and efforts to manage urban modernity in the republic and, by extension, the feasibility of the experiment itself. Dynamic agents of modern change, cities viewed themselves as regulated by state and financial administrations bound by traditional forms and practices, and saw their financial weakness as part of a larger, systemic failure to meet the needs of a growing and increasingly sophisticated network of urban centres. Through the Stadtetag, municipalities campaigned actively in the later 1920s for firm institutional connections with Reich ministries, an official place in the federal parliament, and seats on various bodies that managed the Weimar economy. These initiatives ultimately failed. Sliding deeper into depression and crisis after 1930, local governments were last in line for federal financial aid. As a consequence, they experienced financial hardship out of all proportion to their roles in the republic's power structure, and suffered a critical loss of authority and legitimacy when state-appointed commissioners implemented unpopular cost cuts and imposed new taxes. In 1933, subverting and taking over local governments was one of the primary objectives of Hitler's National Socialists; many local studies have shown the ease with which they achieved their goal.</text>
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                <text>York University</text>
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                <text>economics, city politics, governance, local management, local authorities, urban history, Weimar Republic </text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Weimar cities : Assimilating urban modernity in the Weimar Republic, 1919-1933</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="193319">
                <text>Myers, Garth A. Advisor</text>
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                <text>Long, Joshua</text>
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                <text>2008</text>
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                <text>An increasing number of North American cities are demonstrating vocal resistance to perceived homogenization and corporatization of the urban landscape. In Austin, Texas, a grassroots movement has emerged as a form of resistance to these cultural and economic changes. "Keep Austin Weird," a slogan that has evolved from grassroots cultural movement to rallying cry for local business, is now being appropriated by numerous cities experiencing similar growth patterns (i.e. Boulder, Louisville, Albuquerque, and Portland, Oregon). This particular research is investigated in light of recent studies of the "Creative Class." Austin has been dubbed a Creative City success story by scholar Richard Florida and others, but is experiencing many challenges and externalities typical of growth in so-called Creative Cities. Ultimately, this research explores the inherent interconnections between sense of place, urban governance, and popular resistance. It also questions the potential sustainability of creative strategies for growth and the importance of civic participation. Keywords: Creative Cities, Sense of Place, Localization, Urban Landscape.</text>
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                <text>http://hdl.handle.net/1808/5250</text>
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                <text>University of Kansas</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="193328">
                <text>urban geography, social movement, urban landscape, creative city, governance</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Weird city : Sense of place and creative resistance in Austin, Texas</text>
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                <text>Welfare reform and social reproduction in New York City and Toronto</text>
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                <text>welfare, assistance sociale, genre, feminism, féminisme, néolibéralisme, union, syndicat, travail, gouvernance, société urbaine, service public, Black Simon, Toronto, New York</text>
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4 March 2011

</text>
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Simon Black</text>
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                <text>http://www.yorku.ca/city/?p=743</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the distributor : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Simon's research employs a feminist political economy lens to examine how state and civil society groups respond to, manage, and/or mediate crisis tendencies in social reproduction resulting from the neoliberal restructuring of welfare in two urban political economies - Toronto and New York. He is also interested in the theory and practice of community unionism, and organized labour's changing relation to the city and urban governance.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Simon Black &lt;/b&gt;is a PhD candidate in the Department of Political Science at York University.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
</text>
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</text>
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        <name>feminism</name>
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        <name>féminisme</name>
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        <name>genre</name>
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        <name>gouvernance</name>
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        <name>néolibéralisme</name>
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        <name>New York</name>
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        <name>service public</name>
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        <name>société urbaine</name>
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        <name>syndicat</name>
      </tag>
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        <name>Toronto</name>
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        <name>travail</name>
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        <name>union</name>
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        <name>welfare</name>
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                  <text>Autres serveurs</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text/>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="195441">
                <text>Gleave, M. B. Supervisor</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="195442">
                <text>Hirse, S. O. </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1984</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Turner's (1965,1967,1968) study of Lima's squatter settlements led to the view that uncontrolled settlements of the Third World cities are mainly a manifestation of the desires for housing ownership by people who are well integrated in the city and have experienced some amount of social mobility. In his work, Turner (1968) advanced a theoretical model of intraurban mobility in which rural-urban migration; upward social mobility, intra-urban mobility and the growth of spontaneous settlements are inter-related. Within this model, migrants are classified into three successive groups which corresponds with their level of involvement in gainful employment namely, 'Bridgeheader' i. e. the newly arrived migrants who are in search of employment or involved in low paid jobs, 'Consolidators' i. e. those who have had some urban experience and are in relatively better paid jobs; and 'Status Seekers' i. e. the upper class of low income group. Three housing priorities: - Location, security of tenure and quality of housing and environment were assigned to those class of migrants. Upward economic and social mobility from a low paid job to a better paid jobs, is argued within this model, to be reflected in a housing priority and expectation about living conditions. Those who move from lower position in the social hierarchy to a higher position also move from inner city slums to the suburbs. In other words, social mobility necessarily entails spatial mobility within the urban environment. Security of tenure and improvement of the quality of housing are thus functionally related. Consequently, it is recommended that stimulating those spontaneous activities as opposed to their eradication would benefit enormously from the resourcefulness of the squatters. Legalisation of land tenure, provision of infrastructural services and support-for local neighbourhood organisation are some of the essential elements for a more healthy urban policy. In this study attempt is made to test Turner's model of intraurban mobility in a regional context of West Africa. The study specifically examines the validity of the model in relation to a secondary city of (Jos) Nigeria, and asks whether Turner's model which is based almost entirely on the migratory characteristics and experience of Latin America has gone far enough in acknowledging the various dimensions of Third World rural-urban migration in which some migrate permanently while others intend only a temporary migration as well as the varying types of uncontrolled subareas that have emerged as a result of these differences. In most of West Africa, Including Nigeria, rural-urban migration tends not only to be temporary in character but is also structured by kinship relationships. Within this migratory context, migrants do not strive to consolidate their stay in the city. They prefer cheap rental accommodation, with a view to consolidating their position in the rural home towns. Security of tenure does not therefore rank high in their order of priorities, their social mobility does not lead to a spatial mobility. Within this migratory context, the distinction between permanent and temporary migrants has more validity and practical application than Turner's bridgeheader - consolidator dichotomy, since bridgeheaders are likely to remain bridgeheaders while in the city. Adopting the proposed distinction between permanent and temporary migrants provides a lot of insight into the ways in which migrant groups perceive the city environment and how their perception of the city in turn affects the development process of their settlement areas. Indeed, varying migratory characteristics leads to varying housing demands and housing ambitions in the city of migration. This also leads to variation in migrants reception areas in the city and thus affords the capacity of uncontrolled subareas to improve via self help housing. Thus, the distinction between permanent and temporary migrants provides a lot of insight into the understanding of why some uncontrolled settlements might improve through self help housing and why others might not. Most importantly, it provides more insights into the policy dimension of the problem.</text>
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                <text>http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/14805</text>
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                <text>http://lallier.msh-vdl.fr/theses/items/show/1172</text>
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                <text>University of Salford</text>
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                <text>West Africa, Jos, Nigeria, uncontrolled settlements, intra-urban mobility, urban migration, informal settlements, migrants, housing, economy, mobility, urban policy</text>
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                <text>West African uncontrolled settlements and the intra-urban mobility model: A case study of the secondary city, Jos, Nigeria</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;The keynote address of this symposium in celebration of Anthony Orum&amp;rsquo;s retirement: Great Cities/Ordinary Lives Conference -  A look at the city and its residents from the bottom up, entitled &amp;quot;What do we do when we do urban sociology?&amp;quot;.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;b&gt;Sharon Zukin &lt;/b&gt;is Professor of Sociology at Brooklyn College and at the CUNY Graduate Center.&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; See also recordings of the other conference sessions:&lt;/div&gt; Panel 1: The lives of urban residents in a global world: Europe, Shanghai and Los Angeles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; Panel 2: Cities: Place, space and everyday infrastructure&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; Panel 3: The lives of urban residents in a global world: Berlin, South Africa, and Chicago&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; Panel 4: Cities: Novel readings of the city and the lives of ordinary people&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; Panel 5: Listening to the voices and organizing the interests of ordinary people&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; </text>
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                <text>Much attention is paid to the increasing number of people living in cities while a relatively understudied but related phenomenon is silently gaining strength: that of “shrinking cities.” In the context of massive economic restructuring and increasing globalization, a growing number of cities in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada are experiencing a population decline. The usual approach of planners in shrinking cities is either to do nothing or to focus on “growing” their cities to previous population levels. To date, both approaches have been largely unsuccessful. This leads to the question I ask in this thesis: What are other possible approaches to planning besides a population and economic growth orientation that might be successfully implemented in shrinking cities? A small but growing number of shrinking cities researchers are encouraging planners in shrinking cities neither to focus on growth nor to ignore decline but to focus on planning to meet the needs of the remaining population. While improving the quality of life of existing residents should be the goal of planners in all cities – growing or declining – what is different about this approach in the context of shrinkage is the belief that shrinking cities can offer a high quality of life. In this thesis, I use four general principles of “good planning” in shrinking cities, collected from the literature, as a point of departure for comparing the recent planning exercises in two shrinking cities: Youngstown, Ohio (which has begun to tackle the issues of population decline in a way that is ostensibly resembles the principles of good planning) and Sudbury, Ontario (which has opted for the traditional “growth is the only option” approach). Based on a mix of quantitative and qualitative data, I find that the principles of “good planning” for shrinking cities are in practice difficult to achieve. Whether or not planners in shrinking cities will decide to adopt these principles is influenced by a number of factors, including the presence or absence of young, innovative leadership, levels of devolution and autonomy, current fiscal structures, local economic structure, and political dynamics.</text>
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2 July 2009

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                <text>&lt;div&gt;This paper was part of the &lt;a href="https://www.history.ac.uk/aac2009" target="_blank"&gt;Anglo-American Conference of historians 2009&lt;/a&gt;, on the theme 'cities'.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Conference description by the organisers :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The conference will deal with cities throughout the world, with papers examining the networks of cities and their role in cultural formation, the relations between cities, territories and larger political units, the ideologies and cosmologies of the city and what distinguishes the city or town from other forms of settlement or ways of life.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Paper abstract from the organisers : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
This paper will present an overview, concluding that England has two leagues of cities: a largely medieval league of what are now small cathedral towns; and a post-Victorian league which now includes more or less all the great &amp;lsquo;towns&amp;rsquo;. The paper explains how this came about, and asks what it means for our understanding of the English city.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;John Beckett &lt;/b&gt;is Professor of English Regional History at The University of Nottingham.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
NB : This recording may be streamed via your web browser or opened in iTunes.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
See also recordings of the other conference sessions:&lt;/div&gt;
Ideas of the metropolis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Cities and peripheries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Imagining the East End in literature and social survey, 1880-1990&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Imagining low life before the East End's invention, c. 1780s to 1840s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Multicultural London: Past, present and future. A history and policy discussion&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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OECD

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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
At a time of increasing globalisation processes, the search for competitiveness in urban regions has become a major political target for both local and central governments. The importance of the cities and their metropolitan areas in the national economy and their major role as global nodes in the international market is increasing the attention which they are receiving. There is a general feeling, shared by both national and local governmental representatives that the current approach to urban policies is not the correct one to face the new challenges which large cities, in a context of increasing global competitiveness, have to deal with today.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In short, in OECD member countries, there is an increasing acknowledgment of the importance of policies that address specific urban issues. It is not only a matter of corrective measures, directed towards the solving of traditional urban problems, such as urban uncontrolled expansion, degradation of punctual districts, due to the concentration of environmental and social problems, but also the need to tackle proactive actions to encourage competitiveness and attractiveness. The goal of the conference was to engage a wide number of those interested, including city leaders and representatives of both regional and central governments, to widen the approach with which they envisage urban policies. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
More specifically, the conference was organised along the following two lines:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How can the presence of the cities be made stronger in the context of &amp;ldquo;implicit urban policies&amp;rdquo; (not specifically urban), which strongly affect the standards of urban development, but which rarely take into consideration its necessary space implications?&lt;br /&gt;
If one agrees that a strong and effective urban policy, able to allow the cities to successfully face the globalisation processes, cannot be the exclusive competence of national or regional governments, which new and more flexible intergovernmental joint actions are needed?&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Contents : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
OECD International Conference: &amp;ldquo;What Policies for Globalising Cities?  Rethinking the Urban Policy Agenda&amp;quot;  29-30 March 2007- Madrid, Spain&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Summary Record&lt;br /&gt;
Annex 1. Agenda of the Conference&lt;br /&gt;
Annex 2. Summary Records of the Session&lt;br /&gt;
Annex 3. Speeches from the OECD Secretary General at the Opening and the Closing Ceremonies&lt;br /&gt;
Annex 4. Proceedings of the Conference&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Introductory Paper from Ruiz Gallardon, Mayor of Madrid&lt;br /&gt;
A/ Globalisation, Spatial Economic Change and Urban Policy&lt;br /&gt;
B/ A Spatial Framework for Urban Policy: New Directions, New Challenges&lt;br /&gt;
C/ The Repositioning of Cities and Urban Regions in a Global Economy: Pushing Policy and Governance Options&lt;br /&gt;
D/ Building Successful Cities in the Knowledge Economy: The Role of &amp;lsquo;Soft Policy&amp;rsquo; Instruments&lt;br /&gt;
E/ &amp;ldquo;Hard&amp;rdquo; Policy Instruments and Urban Development&lt;br /&gt;
F/ The Resurgent City: Economy, Society, and Urbanisation in an Interconnected World&lt;br /&gt;
G/ Governing Globalising Cities, Reshaping Urban Policies&lt;br /&gt;
H/ Cities and Climate Change&lt;br /&gt;
Appendix - Figures: part 1, part 2, part 3&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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New Village Press 

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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Abstract from the publisher : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
A timely revisitation of renowned urbanist-activist Jane Jacobs' lifework, What We See invites thirty pundits and practitioners across fields to refresh Jacobs' economic, social and urban planning theories for the present day. Combining personal and professional observations with meditations on Jacobs' insights, essayists bring their diverse experience to bear to sketch the blueprints for the living city.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The book models itself after Jacobs' collaborative approach to city and community building, asking community members and niche specialists to share their knowledge with a broader community, to work together toward a common goal of building the 21st century city.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The resulting collection of original essays expounds and expands Jacobs' ideas on the qualities of a vibrant, robust urban area. It offers the generalist, the activist, and the urban planner practical examples of the benefits of planning that encourages community participation, pedestrianism, diversity, environmental responsibility and self-sufficiency.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bob Sirman, director of the Canada Council for the Arts, describes how built form should be an embodiment of a community narrative. Daniel Kemmis, former Mayor of Missoula, shares an imagined dialog with Jacobs,' discussing the delicate interconnection between cities and their surrounding rural areas. And Roberta Brandes Gratz&amp;mdash;urban critic, author, and former head of Public Policy of the New York State Preservation League&amp;mdash;asserts the importance of architectural preservation to environmentally sound urban planning practices.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What We See asks us all to join the conversation about next steps for shaping socially just, environmentally friendly, and economically prosperous urban communities.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Contents : &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Introduction: Stephen Goldsmith and Lynne Elizabeth, Eyes Wide Open&lt;br /&gt;
Section 1: Vitality of the Neighborhood&lt;br /&gt;
1.1 Deanne Taylor, Between Utopias&lt;br /&gt;
1.2 Ray Suarez, Jane Jacobs and the &amp;quot;Battle for the Street&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
1.3 Sanford Ikeda, The Mirage of the Efficient City&lt;br /&gt;
1.4 Nabeel Hamdi, The Intelligence of Informality&lt;br /&gt;
1.5 Nan Ellin, The Tao of Urbanism: Integrating Observation with Action&lt;br /&gt;
Section 2: The Virtues of Seeing&lt;br /&gt;
2.1 Arlene Goldbard, Nine Ways of Looking at Ourselves (Looking at Cities)&lt;br /&gt;
2.2 Mindy Thompson Fullilove, The Logic of Small Pieces: A Story in Three Ballets&lt;br /&gt;
2.3 Alexie M. Torres-Fleming, Of Things Seen and Unseen&lt;br /&gt;
2.4 Rob Cowan, The Fine Arts of Seeing: Professions, Places, Arts, and Urban Design&lt;br /&gt;
Section 3: Cities, Villages, Streets&lt;br /&gt;
3.1 Daniel Kemmis, Cities and the Wealth of Places&lt;br /&gt;
3.2 Elizabeth Macdonald and Allan Jacobs, Queen Street&lt;br /&gt;
3.3 Kenneth Greenberg, The Interconnectedness of Things&lt;br /&gt;
3.4 David Crombie, Jane Jacobs: The Toronto Experience&lt;br /&gt;
3.5 Matias Sendoa Echanove &amp;amp; Rahul Srivastava, The Village Inside&lt;br /&gt;
Section 4: The Organized Complexity Of Planning&lt;br /&gt;
4.1 James Stockard, The Obligation to Listen, Learn and Teach&amp;mdash;Patiently&lt;br /&gt;
4.2 Robert Sirman, Built Form and the Metaphor of Storytelling&lt;br /&gt;
4.3 Chester Hartman, Steps Toward a Just Metropolis&lt;br /&gt;
4.4 Peter Zlonicky, Illuminating Germany: Observations on Urban Planning Policies in the Light of Jane Jacobs&lt;br /&gt;
4.5 Jaime Lerner, Reviving Cities&lt;br /&gt;
Section 5: Design for Nature, Design for People&lt;br /&gt;
5.1 Janine Benyus, Recognizing What Works: A Conscious Emulation of Life's Genius&lt;br /&gt;
5.2 Hillary Brown, &amp;quot;Co-development&amp;quot; as a Principle for Next Generation Infrastructure&lt;br /&gt;
5.3 Richard Register, Jane Jacobs Basics&lt;br /&gt;
5.4 Roberta Brandes Gratz, Jane Jacobs: Environmental Preservationist&lt;br /&gt;
5.5 Jan Gehl, For You Jane&lt;br /&gt;
5.6 Janette Sadik-Khan, Think of a City and What Comes to Mind? Its Streets&lt;br /&gt;
5.7 Clare Cooper Marcus, The Needs of Children in Contemporary Cities&lt;br /&gt;
Section 6: Economic Instinct&lt;br /&gt;
6.1 Saskia Sassen, When Places Have Deep Economic Histories&lt;br /&gt;
6.2 Susan Witt, The Grace of Import Replacement&lt;br /&gt;
6.3 Pierre Desrochers &amp;amp; Samuli Lepp&amp;auml;l&amp;auml;, Rethinking &amp;quot;Jacobs Spillovers,&amp;quot; or How Diverse Cities Actually Make Individuals More Creative and Economically Successful&lt;br /&gt;
6.4 Ron Shiffman, Beyond Green Jobs: Seeking a New Paradigm&lt;br /&gt;
Epilogue: Mary Rowe, Jane's Cup of Tea&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Lynne Elizabeth&lt;/b&gt; is founder and director of New Village Press. She is past president of Architects/ Designers/ Planners for Social Responsibility (ADPSR).&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Stephen A. Goldsmith&lt;/b&gt; is an urban planner, artist and scholar, and Associate Professor in City and Metropolitan Planning at the University of Utah.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>We exploit the power of the Alonso-Mills-Muth (AMM) urban economics model and show that various utility functions and plausible conditions offer alternative explanations of households' location by income within a city. These include the existence of a "rich" center and more complex socio-spatial urban forms for instance alternating a rich center, poor suburbs and a rich outer ring, which have not yet been derived from the AMM model to our knowledge. In doing so we combine analytical ideas and illustrations by the means of an agent-based model. The hypothesis of a central or non-central amenity is also studied, leading to different insights on the issue.</text>
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                <text>Where in cities do "rich" and "poor" people live? The urban economics model revisited</text>
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                  <text>www.persee.fr/static-image/img_revue?name=espos_Couverture.png</text>
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                <text>451-461</text>
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                <text>Andreas Pott</text>
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                <text>L'appel du muezzin. Conflit culturel et changement ethnique dans la Ruhr. 

Le conflit urbain à propos de l'appel du Muezzin à Dortmund est ici examiné en tant qu'exemple d'un type nouveau de conflits sociaux dans une société où la population change du fait de l'immigration. L'article a pour but de remettre en question la manière de percevoir ce genre de conflit local d'origine culturelle. Pour ce une double méthodologie est appliquée. A l'aide de données quantitatives, on analyse les changements démographiques et spatiaux dans ce contexte local. Sur cette base, l'article tente de reconstruire les arguments centraux des opposants et des sympathisants de cet appel du Muezzin et examine comment le contexte d'immigration locale et les discours culturels sont utilisés en tant que ressources sociales.</text>
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                <text>The urban conflict of the call of the muezzin in Dortmund is examined as an example of a new type of social conflicts in a society experiencing population changes due to immigration. The article aims at questioning the way the local dispute is commonly perceived as a cultural conflict. To achieve that a mixed methodology is applied. Using quantitative data the demographic and spatial changes of the local context is analysed. Against this background the authors try to reconstruct the central arguments of the opponents and the supporters of the call and examine how the local immigration context and cultural discourses are used as social 
resources.</text>
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                <text>Pott Andreas, Thieme Günter. Where the Muezzin calls. Culturalisation of a local conflict in the context of ethnic change in the Ruhr Conurbation / L'appel du muezzin. Conflit culturel et changement ethnique dans la Ruhr. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1999-3. Mélanges. pp. 451-461.</text>
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                <text>Social Constructionism ; Culturalisation ; Contextualisation ; Symbolic Geographies ; Ethnie Pluralism ; Ruhr Conurbation</text>
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                <text>Culturalisation ; Contextualisation ; Géographies Symboliques ; Constructivisme Social ; Pluralisme ethnique ; Ruhr</text>
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                <text>Where the Muezzin calls. Culturalisation of a local conflict in the context of ethnic change in the Ruhr Conurbation / L'appel du muezzin. Conflit culturel et changement ethnique dans la Ruhr</text>
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