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                  <text>Urbanisation et sociétés urbaines</text>
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                <text>L'évocation de facteurs extrinsèques ou de dysfonctionnements pour expliquer la crise urbaine au Sénégal laisse la place à des discours normatifs ou/et gestionnaires et interdit une analyse des enjeux sociaux et politiques des pratiques urbaines incriminées. Au travers de l'exemple de Pikine, on voit que la "mauvaise gestion urbaine" procède en fait de stratégies de contrôle territorial et social de l'Etat et du Parti socialiste, révélant ainsi une des "articulations fonctionnelles" entre l'Etat et la société. L'analyse détaillée de l'organisation politique de la ville, tant au niveau du Parti socialiste que de la municipalité montre par quels réseaux et par quels mécanismes l'Etat garde le contrôle de villes que tout désignait aux troubles et à la marginalisation. La vraie situation de crise intervient maintenant, quand l'Etat n'est plus à même de jouer son rôle de client et que les mécanismes de contrôle territorial mis en place à Pikine par le PS ne jouent plus. (Résumé d'auteur)</text>
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                <text>Salem Gérard. Crise urbaine et contrôle social à Pikine : bornes-fontaines et clientélisme. In :   Sénégal : la démocratie à l'épreuve. Politique Africaine, 1992, p. 21-38. </text>
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                <text>Crise urbaine et contrôle social à Pikine : bornes-fontaines et clientélisme</text>
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                <text>Sénégal : la démocratie à l'épreuve</text>
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                  <text>Espaces et sociétés</text>
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                  <text>revue publiée par ERES</text>
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                <text>Espaces et sociétés, n65, 2, 1991-06-01, pp.61-82</text>
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                <text>Crise urbaine et effets urbains de la crise: le cas de l'Afrique noire</text>
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                <text>COTE D'IVOIRE</text>
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                <text>Ori, Boizo</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>http://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010012783</text>
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                <text>oai:ird.fr:fdi:010012783</text>
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                <text>Ori Boizo. Crise, gestion municipale et participation populaire ou jeux de pouvoirs dans la ville. In : Contamin Bernard (ed.), Memel-Fotê H. (ed.)  Le modèle ivoirien en questions : crises, ajustements, recompositions. Paris : Karthala;Orstom, 1997, p. 417-428. (Hommes et sociétés). Le Modèle Ivoirien en Questions : Crises, Ajustements, Recompositions : Colloque, Abidjan (CIV), 1994/11/28;1994/12/02</text>
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                <text>#2 de la revue électronique Urbanités.&#13;
&#13;
Le second numéro de la revue Urbanités aborde une question qui se veut ultra-contemporaine, celle de la crise. La crise – notamment depuis celle de 2008 et sa jumelle, la crise des subprimes – est devenue le mot-clé récurrent de toute actualité, le concept privilégié pour évoquer les maux dont nous sommes touchés. Il semble d’abord essentiel de comprendre sous quelles formes et selon quelles modalités cette nébuleuse de problèmes – puisqu’il y a définitivement des crises – à la temporalité et la spatialité imprécises, se matérialise et se déploie dans les villes. Mais ce numéro n’aurait pas été concevable sans que l’on se penche sur les solutions proposées, dans le contexte urbain, pour lutter contre les effets néfastes induits et œuvrer à une sortie de crise.&#13;
&#13;
Sommaire :&#13;
- Edito&#13;
- Ville et catastrophe naturelle, responsabilités et opportunités ?&#13;
- L’effondrement de la ville ou l’humanité en crise dans Ravages de Barjavel (1943)&#13;
- Stasis. Rupture de l’unité confessionnelle, émeutes urbaines et reconfigurations politiques&#13;
- Le déclin au quotidien : crise perçue et espaces vécus à Leipzig et Detroit&#13;
- Guerres en ville, villes en guerre&#13;
- L’architecture havanaise depuis le début de la Période spéciale&#13;
- Puerta del Sol versus les Indignés&#13;
- La détérioration de l’éternité&#13;
- Le nouveau visage de Bakou&#13;
-Le renforcement du modèle de développement urbain de Dubaï après la crise&#13;
- Crises passées, crises à venir : un regard sur la ville de Lima&#13;
- Au nom du (transport) collectif : quand une crise de la mobilité reflète une crise du public&#13;
- La promotion immobilière informelle à Niamey&#13;
- Wohnen in der Krise : les locataires en crise à Berlin&#13;
- Lutter contre la crise à mains nues : économie informelle et agriculture urbaine à Lisbonne</text>
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Ao&amp;ucirc;t 2008

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Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle

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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pr&amp;eacute;sentation par l'&amp;eacute;diteur :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Jamais les politiques publiques fran&amp;ccedil;aises et britanniques n'ont &amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; autant marqu&amp;eacute;es par la question du logement qu'en ce d&amp;eacute;but de 21e si&amp;egrave;cle.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
L'envol&amp;eacute;e sp&amp;eacute;culative des prix immobiliers, l'accroissement des ph&amp;eacute;nom&amp;egrave;nes de s&amp;eacute;gr&amp;eacute;gation et de pr&amp;eacute;carisation r&amp;eacute;sidentielles ainsi que la crise des &amp;laquo; subprimes &amp;raquo; &amp;eacute;manant des &amp;Eacute;tats-Unis en 2007 ont mis en &amp;eacute;vidence les vicissitudes auxquelles sont soumis les march&amp;eacute;s occidentaux depuis les ann&amp;eacute;es 1990.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
Cet ouvrage a pour objectif de mettre en parall&amp;egrave;le les caract&amp;eacute;ristiques des crises du logement dans les deux pays et les r&amp;eacute;ponses qu'y apportent les pouvoirs publics.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Il regroupe une quinzaine de contributions de sp&amp;eacute;cialistes du logement en France et au Royaume-Uni qui couvrent les grandes &amp;eacute;volutions des march&amp;eacute;s de l'immobilier depuis la seconde moiti&amp;eacute; du 20e si&amp;egrave;cle, les enjeux soci&amp;eacute;taux et territoriaux et les nouvelles orientations politiques.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Ainsi que le montrent les auteurs, le d&amp;eacute;sengagement de l'&amp;Eacute;tat-providence, le recours &amp;agrave; la d&amp;eacute;centralisation et aux lois du march&amp;eacute; rendent de plus en plus improbable la mise en oeuvre d'un droit au logement pour tous.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
Centre de Recherches en Civilisation britannique&lt;/a&gt; (CREC).&lt;/div&gt;
Universit&amp;eacute; de Franche-Comt&amp;eacute;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Sommaire :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style="font-size: 11px; margin-left: 160px; padding-left: 5px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none; list-style-position: outside;"&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&amp;bull; Use It or Lose It: Toronto's &amp;quot;Abandonment Issues&amp;quot; Campaign for Affordable Housing (David Wachsmuth and Shiri Pasternak)&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&amp;bull; Editorial Note: Fifteen Years of Critical Planning (Ava Bromberg)&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&amp;bull; Cities of the Future? Megacities and the Space/Time of Urban Modernity (Austin Zeiderman)&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&amp;bull; Ecological Gentrification: Re-negotiating Justice in the City (Sarah Dooling)&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&amp;bull; Naturalizing Urban Counterinsurgency (John Duda)&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&amp;bull; Enabling Justice: Spatializing Disability in the Built Environment (Victor Santiago Pineda)&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&amp;bull; Neoliberalism, Risk, and Spatial Governance in the Developmental State: Japanese Planning in the Global Economy (Kuniko Shibata)&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&amp;bull; Engaged or Disinterested? Youth Political and Civic Participation in Canadian Transportation Planning (Ren Thomas)&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&amp;bull; On Critical Planning Education: Introduction to the Debate (&amp;bull; Miguel Kanai &amp;amp; Konstantina Soureli)&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&amp;bull; Critical about Criticality (Bish Sanyal)&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&amp;bull; What Aspect of Critical Planning Should We Be Concerned With? (Goetz Wolff)&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&amp;bull; Meaningful Convergences (Jacqueline Leavitt)&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&amp;bull; On Knowledge, Action, and Voice in Planning Practice: Stories from South Africa (Stephen Narsoo)&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&amp;bull; Critical Planning Today: An Interview with Peter Marcuse Critical Planning Editorial Board&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;&amp;bull; Book Review: Gentrification (Noah Ebner)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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                <text>Population Growth and Settlement Dynamics in Senegal, since the Indépendance.  

Senegal has a population of a little more than 8 million for a size of 196 722 km2, i.e. an average density of 41,3 inhabitants per km2. This population has been growing rapidly for several decades. It went up from 2,8 million inhabitants in 1960 to 5 million in 1976, and to more than 8 million in 1994, i.e. an annual rate of growth around 2,7 %. It is a young population - 47,2 % are 15 - as a result of a high and steady reproduction index - 6 children per woman on average in 1992. On the other hand, mortality is still high, 1,8 %, especially among young people. 
Disparities are important regarding both densities and population growth, from one area to another, and even more so when considered within « département », « arrondissement » or rural community. These disparities are an illustration of the recent moves among the population according to new spatial entities as a consequence of labour mobility. Urban areas are gaining more and more importance while rural areas are undergoing the severe consequences of the drought that occured in the seventies. Meanwhile, international migrations, and the importance of their impact on local economies should help highlight how density and popu- lation growth can be interpreted in some areas.</text>
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                <text>Le Sénégal compte un peu plus de 8 millions d'habitants (estimation 1994) pour une superficie de 196 722 km2, soit une densité moyenne de 41,3 habitants au km2. Cette population est en croissance rapide depuis plusieurs décennies. Elle est passée de 2,8 millions d'habitants en 1960 à 5 millions en 1976 et à plus de 8 millions en 1994, soit un taux de croissance annuel moyen d'environ 2,7 %. C'est une population jeune, 47,2 % de jeunes de moins de 15 ans, du fait d'une fécondité élevée et stable, 6 enfants en moyenne par femme en 1992. En revanche la mortalité reste forte, 18 %o, notamment chez les plus jeunes. 
Les disparités sont grandes aussi bien en termes de densité que de croissance de population d'une région à l'autre. Elles le sont plus encore quand elles sont envisagées à l'échelle du département, de l'arrondissement ou de la communauté rurale. Elles illustrent le redéploiement de la population entre les différentes entités spatiales, conséquence de la mobilité de la force de travail. Les zones urbaines pèsent d'un poids de plus en plus important, contrairement aux régions rurales qui subissent de façon brutale les conséquences de la sécheresse des années 70-80. Cependant, les migrations internatio nales et l'importance de leur impact sur les économies locales doivent conduire à relativiser la signification des densités et de la croissance de la population dans certaines régions.</text>
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                <text>Lericollais André, Roquet Dominique. Croissance de la population et dynamique du peuplement au Sénégal depuis l'indépendance. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1999-1. Les populations de l'Afrique subsaharienne. pp. 93-106.</text>
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                <text>Introduction Les données du recensement général de la population de 2004 ont confirmé la tendance à la baisse de la croissance de la population tunisienne (un taux d’accroissement moyen annuel de 1,21 % entre 1994 et 2004, pour un taux de 2,35 % entre 1984 et 1994) et ce en raison de la baisse de la fécondité. Dans ce contexte de baisse de la croissance démographique, la population des communes urbaines a continué à s’accroître assez rapidement (un taux de 1,83 % entre 1994 et 2004), même si ...</text>
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                <text>Franqueville André. Croissance démographique et immigration à Yaoundé. Cahiers d'Outre-Mer, 1979, 32 (128), p. 321-354. </text>
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                <text>Population Growth and Distribution in China. 

In opposition with the majority of developing countries, China went through a steady population growth for several centuries, the country finally entering the phase of demographic transition less than fifty years ago. The author of this article attemps to show that the most obvious result of such an evolution has been the gradual filling up of the Chinese agricultural space by a dense peasant population, especially vulnerable to malthusian crises. Population growth was much higher in peripheral regions, whereas the transition towards an urbanized industrial society just started.</text>
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                <text>A la différence de ce qui s'est passé dans d'autres pays du tiers-monde, la croissance de la population chinoise a débuté voici plusieurs siècles, la phase finale de la transition démographique n'intervenant que dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. La présente étude cherche à montrer que cette évolution multiséculaire a eu pour résultat l'occupation progressive de l'espace agricole par une paysannerie dense, très sensible aux crises malthusiennes. L'expansion a affecté en priorité les régions périphériques et la transition vers une société industrielle urbanisée est tout juste amorcée.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="382830">
                <text>Cartier Michel. Croissance démographique et répartition de la population chinoise: 1880-1990. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1995-2. Les populations d'Asie orientale. pp. 209-217.</text>
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