The nexus of urban governance and human migration was a crucial feature in the modernisation of cities in the Ottoman Empire of the nineteenth century. This book connects these two concepts to examine the Ottoman city as a destination of human migration, throwing new light on the question of conviviality and cosmopolitanism from the perspective of the legal, administrative and political frameworks within which these occur.
Focusing on groups of migrants with various ethnic, regional and professional backgrounds, the book juxtaposes the trajectories of these people with attempts by local administrations and the government to control their movements and settlements. By combining a perspective from below with one that focuses on government action, the authors offer broad insights into the phenomenon of migration and city life as a whole. Chapters explore how increased migration driven by new means of transport, military expulsion and economic factors were countered by the state’s attempts to control population movements, as well as the strong internal reforms in the Ottoman world.
Providing a rare comparative perspective on an area often fragmented by area studies boundaries, this book will be of great interest to students of History, Middle Eastern Studies, Balkan Studies, Urban Studies and Migration Studies.
Contents :
1. Migration and the Making of Urban Modernity in the Ottoman Empire and Beyond - Ulrike Freitag, Malte Fuhrmann, Nora Lafi and Florian Riedler 2. The Ottoman Urban Governance of Migrations and the Stakes of Modernity - Nora Lafi 3. The Ottoman City Council and the Beginning of the Modernization of Urban Space in the Balkans - Tetsuya Sahara 4. Foreigners in Town: Urban Immigration and Local Attitudes in the Romanian Principalities in the Mid-Nineteenth Century - Florea Ioncioaia 5. Mobility and Governance in Early Modern Marseilles - Wolfgang Kaiser 6. Pearl Towns and Early Oil Cities: Migration and Integration in the Arab coast of the Persian Gulf - Nelida Fuccaro 7. Migration and the State: On Ottoman Regulations Concerning Migration Since the Age of Mahmud II - Christoph Herzog 8. Governance in Transition: Competing Immigrant Networks in Early Nineteenth-Century Egypt - Pascale Ghazaleh 9. Armenian Labour Migration to Istanbul and the Migration Crisis of the 1890s - Florian Riedler 10. Immigration into the Ottoman Territory: The Case of Salonica in the Late Nineteenth Century - Dilek Akyalçın-Kaya 11. Migrant Builders and Craftsmen in the Founding Phase of Modern Athens - Irene Fatsea 12. The City and the Stranger: Jeddah in the 19th Century - Ulrike Freitag 13. ‘I would rather be in the Orient’. European Lower Class Immigrants into the Ottoman Land - Malte Fuhrmann
Ulrike Freitag is a historian of the modern Middle East and director of the Centre for Modern Oriental Studies, Berlin, in conjunction with a professorship of Islamic Studies at Freie Universität Berlin. Malte Fuhrmann is a historian at the Orient Institute Istanbul. Nora Lafi is a historian of the Ottoman Empire at the Zentrum Moderner Orient in Berlin. Florian Riedler is a historian with a specialisation for the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey.
