Dublin Core
Titre
La mortalité dans les pays en développement
Sujet
Mortality ; health policies. ; life expectancy ; developing countries
Mortalité ; espérance de vie ; pays en développement ; politiques de santé.
Description
Si la différence d'espérance de vie à la naissance qui sépare les pays en développement dans leur ensemble, des pays développés, est importante (56 ans contre 73), la diversité des situations sanitaires du Tiers monde est encore plus flagrante. Alors que, dans quelques pays, la vie moyenne est encore inférieure à 40 ans, elle atteint dans d'autres un niveau comparable à celui des pays développés. Cette grande diversité est assez récente, elle résulte d'une divergence d'évolution observée au cours des 30 dernières années. Cette divergence est, certes, en partie liée aux différences de niveau de développement économique, mais la liaison n'est pas très étroite. La lutte contre la mortalité infantile a joué un rôle capital et, dans ce domaine plus que dans tous autres, les aspects sociaux, culturels et politiques revêtent une grande importance. Les pays qui ont le mieux réussi tels Cuba, le Costa Rica, et surtout la Chine, sont ceux qui ont su adapter leur politique sanitaire aux besoins essentiels de la population et l'intégrer dans une vigoureuse politique de développement social et culturel, optant ainsi, avant même que l'OMS ne la fasse sienne, pour la stratégie dite des « soins de santé primaires ».
Mortality in developing countries
In life expectancy at birth, a strong difference is observed between developing countries as a whole and developed countries (56 as against 73 years), but the diversity within developing countries is even more pronounced. In some countries, the mean life-span is still under 40 years, whereas in others it has reached roughly the same level as in the developed countries. This diversity of health situations in the Third World countries is relatively recent: it is the result of the diverging trends observed over the last 30 years. It is true that this divergence is related to some extent to the level of economic development, but not closely so. The reduction of infant mortality has played a preponderant role, and in this field, more than all others, social, cultural and political factors are extremely important. The countries which have made most headway - Cuba, Costa Rica and above all, China - are those where health policy has been adapted to meet the basic needs of the population and integrated into an active policy of social and cultural development: those which opted, even before WHO, for the «primary health care» strategy.
In life expectancy at birth, a strong difference is observed between developing countries as a whole and developed countries (56 as against 73 years), but the diversity within developing countries is even more pronounced. In some countries, the mean life-span is still under 40 years, whereas in others it has reached roughly the same level as in the developed countries. This diversity of health situations in the Third World countries is relatively recent: it is the result of the diverging trends observed over the last 30 years. It is true that this divergence is related to some extent to the level of economic development, but not closely so. The reduction of infant mortality has played a preponderant role, and in this field, more than all others, social, cultural and political factors are extremely important. The countries which have made most headway - Cuba, Costa Rica and above all, China - are those where health policy has been adapted to meet the basic needs of the population and integrated into an active policy of social and cultural development: those which opted, even before WHO, for the «primary health care» strategy.
Vallin Jacques. La mortalité dans les pays en développement. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1985-3. Les mutations démographiques du Tiers monde. pp. 515-540.
Créateur
Jacques Vallin
Éditeur
PERSEE
Date
1985
Langue
fre
Type
article
Identifiant
http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1985_num_3_3_1063
doi:10.3406/espos.1985.1063
Couverture
515-540