Dublin Core
Titre
Les flux de réfugiés en Inde
Sujet
Refugees ; South Asia ; India
Asie du Sud ; Inde ; Réfugiés
Description
L'Inde depuis cinquante ans a eu à de multiples reprises l'occasion d'accueillir sur son sol des réfugiés. La position gouvernementale à leur égard a évolué au fil du temps. Au lendemain de la Partition, l'accueil des populations hindoues et sikhs venant du Pakistan fut d'autant moins contesté que l'exode semblait stigmatiser les débordements auxquels conduisait inévitablement un Etat religieux par opposition au modèle laïc indien. A la fin des années cinquante les Tibétains réfugiés personnifiaient la perfidie de la Chine communiste dont les Indiens se sentaient également victimes. Par contre, c'est presque à contrecoeur que l'Inde accueillit les membres de la communauté indienne de Birmanie et du Sri Lanka. A partir du début des années soixante-dix, les réfugiés vont davantage être considérés comme un facteur potentiel de déstabilisation, que ce soit en aiguisant les tensions ethniques, en entrant en concurrence avec les populations locales pour l'accès à des produits de première nécessité ou à des infrastructures publiques, voire même en faisant peser des menaces sur le maintien de l'ordre public. Dès lors la politique gouvernementale, une fois les objectifs stratégiques imbriqués remplis, fut surtout d'oeuvrer au retour de ces réfugiés dans leur pays d'origine.
The Flows of Refugees in India.
During the last fifty years, India has on several occasions greeted refugees on its soil. The official stand with regard to these refugees has evolved with the passing years. After the Partition, displaced Hindu and Sikh populations from Pakistan welcomed since their exile seemed to emphasize the excesses inherent to a religious State in opposition to the Indian secular polity. At the end of the fifties, Tibetan refugees were the embodiment of Chinese perfidy of which India was also victim. On the other hand, India reluctantly rapatriated members of Indian communities in Burma and Sri Lanka. From the early seventies, refugees are more and more perceived as a destabilizing factor, with a potential for exacerbating internal ethnic conflicts, competing with indigeneous people for scarce resources, or even threatening the law and order. Consequently, the policy of the Indian government, once its strategic objectives have been fulfilled, is to work towards a satisfactory repatriation of the displaced populations in their native lands.
During the last fifty years, India has on several occasions greeted refugees on its soil. The official stand with regard to these refugees has evolved with the passing years. After the Partition, displaced Hindu and Sikh populations from Pakistan welcomed since their exile seemed to emphasize the excesses inherent to a religious State in opposition to the Indian secular polity. At the end of the fifties, Tibetan refugees were the embodiment of Chinese perfidy of which India was also victim. On the other hand, India reluctantly rapatriated members of Indian communities in Burma and Sri Lanka. From the early seventies, refugees are more and more perceived as a destabilizing factor, with a potential for exacerbating internal ethnic conflicts, competing with indigeneous people for scarce resources, or even threatening the law and order. Consequently, the policy of the Indian government, once its strategic objectives have been fulfilled, is to work towards a satisfactory repatriation of the displaced populations in their native lands.
Boquérat Gilles. Les flux de réfugiés en Inde. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1997-2-3. Les populations du monde indien - Populations of the Indian Countries. pp. 289-300.
Créateur
Gilles Boquérat
Éditeur
PERSEE
Date
1997
Langue
fre
Type
article
Identifiant
http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1997_num_15_2_1812
doi:10.3406/espos.1997.1812
Couverture
289-300