Dublin Core
Titre
La violence d'Etat comme mode de régulation de la croissance urbaine: le cas de Khartoum (Soudan)
Sujet
Islamism ; Sudan ; Population ; Khartoum ; City Planning ; Displaced People
Soudan ; Islamisme ; Déplacés ; Aménagement urbain ; Khartoum ; Population
Description
State Violence as an Adjustment Type of Urban Growth : the Case of Khartoum (Sudan).
The population of khartoum, national capital of the Sudan, trebled during the past 20 years. Its conurbation entails now over 4.5 million inhabitants. Its suburbs have been overflo- oded by the influx of migrants from all the country, victims of drought, hunger and civil wars. The military-islamist regime that took over in june 1989 has launched a policy of authoritarian controll of these flows, within the frame of a new city planning. Under the disguise of public hygiena and the protection of the urban character of the town, this policy is based on the seclusion and expelling of migrants that are neither Muslims nor Arabized, originating from the South. On the other side, in order to reduce the chocking of the city-center, a policy of administrative and social délocalisation is set at the level of the urban district. The other projects dealing with the improvement of infrastructures, and the foundation of satellite-cities with the aim of absorbing the rural influx of migrants close to industrial areas at some distance of Khartoum, are at a standstill, due to the lack of finance. Altogether, the politics of the Sudanese State toward Khartoum does not entail any proper islamic dimension; it expresses mostly security concerns, and a view of the urban fabric opposite to its role of a human and cultural melting pot of the Nation.
The population of khartoum, national capital of the Sudan, trebled during the past 20 years. Its conurbation entails now over 4.5 million inhabitants. Its suburbs have been overflo- oded by the influx of migrants from all the country, victims of drought, hunger and civil wars. The military-islamist regime that took over in june 1989 has launched a policy of authoritarian controll of these flows, within the frame of a new city planning. Under the disguise of public hygiena and the protection of the urban character of the town, this policy is based on the seclusion and expelling of migrants that are neither Muslims nor Arabized, originating from the South. On the other side, in order to reduce the chocking of the city-center, a policy of administrative and social délocalisation is set at the level of the urban district. The other projects dealing with the improvement of infrastructures, and the foundation of satellite-cities with the aim of absorbing the rural influx of migrants close to industrial areas at some distance of Khartoum, are at a standstill, due to the lack of finance. Altogether, the politics of the Sudanese State toward Khartoum does not entail any proper islamic dimension; it expresses mostly security concerns, and a view of the urban fabric opposite to its role of a human and cultural melting pot of the Nation.
Khartoum, capitale du Soudan, a vu sa population tripler en 20 ans. L'agglomération dépasse aujourd'hui 4,5 millions d'habitants. Ses périphéries ont en effet été envahies par les migrants venus de tout le pays, victimes de la sécheresse, de la famine ou des guerres civiles. Le régime militaro-islamiste en place depuis 1989 a adopté une politique de régulation autoritaire de ces afflux, intégrée dans un nouveau schéma d'aménagement de la capitale. Sous couvert d'hygiène publique et de protection du caractère urbain de la ville, cette politique repose en fait sur le cantonnement et l'éviction des immigrants ni musulmans, ni arabisés en provenance du Sud. D'autre part, pour réduire la congestion du centre-ville, une politique de déconcentration administrative et sociale est mise en oeuvre au niveau du quartier. Les autres projets concernant l'amélioration des infrastructures et la fondation de villes-satellites pour absorber l'exode rural près des zones d'activités à distance de la ville, sont victimes de l'absence de moyens financiers. Au total, la politique de l'Etat soudanais à l'égard de Karthoum ne comporte pas de dimension proprement islamique; elle manifeste surtout des préoccupations d'ordre sécuritaire et une vision de la «fabrique» urbaine à l'opposé de son rôle de creuset humain et culturel de la Nation.
Lavergne Marc. La violence d'Etat comme mode de régulation de la croissance urbaine: le cas de Khartoum (Soudan). In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1997-1. Les populations du monde arabe - People of the Arab Middle East. pp. 49-64.
Créateur
Marc Lavergne
Éditeur
PERSEE
Date
1997
Langue
fre
Type
article
Identifiant
http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/espos_0755-7809_1997_num_15_1_1789
doi:10.3406/espos.1997.1789
Couverture
49-64